Reviews of the cardiovascular system, an introduction to the signs and symptoms of Cardiovascular disease, administration of aspirin and a patient's prescribed nitroglycerin, and use of the automated external defibrillator. Meets current US DOT NHTSA EMT training requirements. Presentation is over 120 slides in length. Recommended classroom time is 4 hours and 4 hours lab time.

1. PREVIEW OF
EMT/EMR
CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES
POWERPOINT TRAINING
PRESENTATION

2. DESCRIPTION
Reviews of the cardiovascular system, an
introduction to the signs and symptoms of
Cardiovascular disease, administration of aspirin
and a patient's prescribed nitroglycerin, and use
of the automated external defibrillator. Meets
current US DOT NHTSA EMT training
requirements. Presentation is over 120 slides in
length. Recommended classroom time is 4 hours
and 4 hours lab time.

3. HEART
Valves
Blood supply to myocardium
Myocardial muscle cells
Specialized electrical cells
Autonomic system control
Sympathetic – “fight or flight”
Parasympathetic

4. HEART ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

5. PLASMA
Pale yellow component of the blood that holds
blood cells in suspension
Serves as the protein reserve of the body
Makes up about 55% of blood volume

6. CARDIAC CYCLE
A complete heartbeat from its generation to the
beginning of the next beat, and so includes
the diastole, the systole, and the intervening
pause
Systole
Diastole

7. SYSTOLE
Phase of contraction
in the cardiac cycle

8. DIASTOLE
The phase of relaxation
in which the heart
fill with blood

9. BLOOD PRESSURE
Systolic
Pressure in the arteries created when the left
ventricle contracts forcing blood into
circulation
Diastolic
Pressure in the arteries when the left
ventricle is relaxed and is refilling

10. CARDIAC OUTPUT (CO)
Describes the volume of blood being pumped by
the heart, in particular by the left or right
ventricle per unit time
Heart rate “X” blood volume ejected/beat
Infections are correlated with high CO and heart
failure with low CO

11. HEART ATTACK
Death of the heart muscle (infarction)
1) Blockage
2) Infracted area

12. ANGINA PECTORIS
Severe chest pain due to ischemia of the heart
muscle, generally due to obstruction or spasm of
the coronary artery
Worsening ("crescendo") angina attacks, sudden-
onset angina at rest, and angina lasting more
than 15 minutes are symptoms of unstable
angina

13. ANGINA PECTORIS

14. Normal Artery
Artery Wall
Narrowing of Artery
Plaque
Plaque
Normal Blood Flow
Abnormal Blood Flow
Narrowed Artery

15. SHORTNESS OF BREATH MAY OCCUR
Does it happen?
During activity/exercise
At rest
Doe it get worse when lying flat

16. ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
(ACS) HEART FAILURE
A group of conditions
due to decreased
blood flow in the
coronary arteries
such that part of
the heart is unable
to function

17. CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
Signs & Symptoms include
Low blood pressure often 80 systolic or less
Slow or fast pulse often sinus tachycardia
Edema in feet or ankles
Altered level of consciousness
Restlessness, confusion, coma
Cool & clammy skin
Tachypnea

18. CONGESTIVE
HEART FAILURE (CHF)
The inability of the heart to pump blood out
as fast as it enters the heart

19. CONGESTIVE
HEART FAILURE
Signs & symptoms (con’t)
Distended neck veins
Respiratory crackles
Shortness of breath
Pale, cool, clammy skin
Abdominal distension
Petal or lower extremity edema
Photo by James Heilman

20. PACEMAKER FAILURE
The inability of the pacemaker to function
in controlling the beats of the heart
Has multiple causes
Battery or lead failure
Exposure to high voltages or
microwaves
Unit malfunction

21. SINUS RHYTHM
Normal electrical pattern of the heart

22. VENTICULAR FIBRILLATION
Pulseless electrical activity
Happens in 90% of adult cardiac arrests
Normally leading arrhythmia in cardiac arrest

23. EARLY CPR
CPR started by bystanders shows the best
survival rate in cardiac arrest situations
Remember
Brain death starts in 4-6 minutes after the
heart stops
The chances of reviving the heart are reduced
by 10% for every minute of delay

24. START CPR
Follow local protocol using the 30 to 2 or
continuous compressions
Turn on AED and follow audio prompts on AED
(some AED’s turn on when case is opened)
Bare chest
Attach AED Pads and plug them into AED
(some AED’s are stored with pads plugged in)

25. THE SEQUENCE
Recognize
Cardiac
Arrest
Start
CPR
Turn on
& attach
AED
Listen to
AED
Prompts
Push
analyze
when told
Push
Shock
when told
Listen for
Directions
Monitor
Patient
Restart CPR for
2 minutes

26. PAD PLUGS
There are about 15-20
different manufacturer
of AED’s each use
different plugs
Some times you can
purchase adapters to
go from one brand to
another

27. POST RESUSCIATATION
Monitor ABC’s
Transport
Initiate ALS intercept
Leave AED attached & do NOT turn it off
Patient may rearrest
Perform focused assessment

28. LIABILITY
There is little chance of being sued in the U S &
Canada due to numerous “Good Samaritan”
Laws and other limits of liability in other
statutes

29. NITROGLYCERIN
Used to dilate blood vessels
when patient has chest pains
Comes in many ways
Tablet IV solution
Spray Paste
Patch (continually worn)
Generic names include
Nitrostat, Tridill, Nitro-Dur, Nitro-Bid

30. To purchase this EMT/EMR Scene Size UP
presentation go to
www.bravetraining.com
Or tap the above link