This document discusses non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, which are long-lasting conditions that are not passed from person to person. The four main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. NCDs cause over 36 million deaths annually worldwide and share common risk factors like tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and alcohol use. Preventing and managing NCDs involves lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol. Early detection of cancers through screening can also improve health outcomes.

2.  Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as
chronic diseases, are not passed from person to
person.
 They are of long duration and generally slow
progression.
 Chronic = long term

3.  Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill more than 36
million people each year.
 Nearly 80% of NCD deaths - 29 million - occur in low-
and middle-income countries.
 They share four risk factors: tobacco use, physical
inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy
diets.

4.  The four main types of non-communicable diseases
are:
 Cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke)
 Cancers
 Chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructed
pulmonary disease and asthma)
 Diabetes (Type I, II, Gestational)

5.  Heart conditions that include diseased vessels, structural
problems, and blood clots.
 Atherosclerosis
 Arteries filled with cholesterol
 Coronary artery disease
 Damage or disease in the heart’s major blood vessels.
 Stroke
 Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply
 High blood pressure
 A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls
is too high.

7.  One in three American adults has some form of
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
 It is the 1st leading causes of death for both men and
women in the United States

8.  High blood pressure
 High cholesterol
 Excess weight
 Physical inactivity
 Smoking
 Diabetes
 Excessive alcohol consumption
 Illegal drug use
 Stress

9.  People who live lifestyles in line with those on the
previous slide
 A history of CVD in your family
 Elderly
 Certain Races
 Hispanic
 African American
 American Indian
 Polynesian

10.  Healthy diet
 Exercise
 DO NOT SMOKE!!
 No drug or alcohol use

11.  Cancer is the general name for a group of more than
100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer,
all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out
of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness
and death.
 More than one million people in the United States get
cancer each year.

12.  Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide,
accounting for 7.6 million deaths (around 13% of all
deaths) in 2008 (1).
 Lung, stomach, liver, colon and breast cancer cause the
most cancer deaths each year.
 The most frequent types of cancer differ between men
(prostate) and women (breast cancer).
 Lung cancer is the #1 killer in both men and women
with regards to cancer deaths.

13.  About 30% of cancer deaths are due to the five leading
behavioral and dietary risks:
 High body mass index
 Low fruit and vegetable intake
 Lack of physical activity
 Tobacco use
 Alcohol use.

14.  Cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body
where they begin to grow and form new tumors.
 Over time, the tumors replace normal tissue.
 The process of cancer spreading is called metastasis.

15.  Half of all men and one-third of all women in the US
will develop cancer during their lifetimes.

16.  Healthy lifestyle
 GET TESTED!!!
 Early detection is key

17.  Self Breast EXAM (SBE)

18.  Testicular Cancer Self Exam

19.  Diseases of the airways and other structures of the
lung.
 Some of the most common are:
 Asthma
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 Pulmonary hypertension.

20.  The more familiar terms 'chronic bronchitis' and
‘emphysema' are no longer used, but are now included
within the COPD diagnosis.
 The most common symptoms of COPD are
breathlessness, or a 'need for air', excessive sputum
production, and a chronic cough

21.  Tobacco smoking
 Indoor air pollution (such as biomass fuel used for
cooking and heating)
 Outdoor air pollution
 Occupational dusts and chemicals (vapors, irritants,
and fumes)

22.  Asthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease that
inflames and narrows the airways.
 Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often
starts during childhood.

24.  Asthma has no cure. Even when you feel fine, you still
have the disease and it can flare up at any time.

25.  Coughing
 Wheezing
 Chest tightness
 Shortness of breath

26.  If you have asthma, you’ll need long-term care.
Successful asthma treatment requires that you take an
active role in your care and follow your asthma action
plan.

27.  Diabetes is a group of diseases characterized by high
blood glucose levels that result from defects in the
body's ability to produce and/or use insulin.

28.  Type I – body DOES NOT produce insulin
 Injections
 Type II – Most common form. Hyperglycemia.
 Get it from lifestyle choices
 Gestational Diabetes - During pregnancy – usually
around the 24th week – many women develop
gestational diabetes.
 This does not mean you have it or that your child will
have it. BUT YOU MUST LISTEN TO YOUR DOCTOR!
 About 1 in 5

29.  Urinating often
 Feeling very thirsty
 Feeling hungry, even after you have eaten
 Fatigue

30.  You can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes
through a healthy lifestyle
 Change your diet, increase your level of physical
activity, maintain a healthy weight...with these positive
steps, you can stay healthier longer and reduce your
risk of diabetes.