The document discusses diseases, their causes and types. It defines disease as an abnormal condition that impairs the body's normal functioning and can cause discomfort, dysfunction, distress and death. It categorizes diseases as communicable/contagious which can pass from person to person, and non-communicable which result from genetics or lifestyle. It also discusses the chain of infection and lists common communicable diseases like cold, influenza, pneumonia, chickenpox and measles.

1. DISEASES: What it is and what it's not.

2. Disease It is a term for an abnormal condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body.

3. Disease causes… Discomfort, Dysfunction, Distress and Death. Disabilities, Disorders, Syndromes, Infections and other unusual variations of structure and functions.

4. Types of Diseases: COMMUNICABLE/CONTAGIOUS These are infectious disease capable of passing from one person to another.

5. NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Are those diseases which are not infectious which may result from genetics or lifestyle.

6. MORBIDITY vs. MORTALITY Morbidity- refers to the degree of severity of a disease. Mortality- is the quality or condition of being mortal; the term is usually used to determine the measure of the number of deaths.

7. Conditions Contributing to Disease

8. Economy Culture Environment Politics Education

9. ECONOMY Poverty usually is a source of illness because of deprivation of medical attention for its high cost.

10. CULTURE Cultural or traditional beliefs hinders medical attention. Consulting from questionable medical practices by quack doctors, faith healers and other fake healers holds back proper medical procedures.

11. ENVIRONMENT Potential causes of death and illness depends on the interaction between the environment and individual.

12. Politics has great effect on illness and death of an individual or the whole community. Government officials have a big responsibility regarding programs like hospitals, health care and health centers.

13. Possibly, education or information has the biggest effect on death and illness.

14. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

15. Communicable/Infectious diseases These are illnesses sourced from pathogens which spread from lining thing to another. Pathogens can enter the body through direct or indirect contact causing illnesses like influenza.

16. It is a biological agent that causes diseases or illness to its host. These are organisms, frequently microorganisms, or components of these organisms which include various species of bacteria, viruses and protozoa.

17. Types of Pathogens: BACTERIA RICKETTSIAE PROTOZOA PARASITICWORMS FUNGI VIRUS

18. Description Single-celled microorganisms Most are beneficial but close to a hundred types are known to cause disease Some release poisonous substances Diseases Tuberculosis, strep throat, diphtheria, whooping cough, meningococcemia, cholera, meningitis, syphilis BACTERIA

19. Description Smallest known pathogen infecting cells of biological organisms Unable to reproduce on their own, it replicates through infecting host cells Diseases Common cold, measles, rabies, polio, mumps, influenza, SARS, hepatitis, chicken pox, HIV VIRUS

20. Description Single celled or multi-celled parasitic organisms which can live on skin, mucous membranes and lungs Obtain food from organic materials such as plant, animals or human tissue. Diseases Athlete’s foot, ringworm and tinea flava or an-an FUNGI

21. Description Grows inside living cells and resembles bacteria Carried as parasites such as ticks, fleas and lice Diseases Spotted fever RICKETTSIAE

22. Description Tiny, single-celled organisms producing toxins Reproduce fast through sexual and asexual ways Diseases Malaria PROTOZOA

23. Description Helminths Largest pathogen that can enter the body Diseases Tapeworm, hookworm, pinworm, roundworm Wormlike orgs. Living and feeding in living hosts while disrupting the nutrients absorption of their hosts, causing weakness and disease PARASITICWORMS

24. Chain of infection: Causative Agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host

25. Causative Agent (Infectious Agent) It is a microbial organism with the ability to cause disease. Example: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi and Parasites.

26. Reservoir It is a place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. Microorganisms can thrive in human beings, animals and inanimate objects such as water, table tops and door knobs.

27. Portal of Exit or Mode of Exit It is a place of exit providing a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir. Principal portals of exit are: Digestive system, urinary system, respiratory system, reproductive system and the blood.

28. Mode of Transmission It is a method of transfer by which the microorganism moves or is carried from one place to another or from reservoir to a susceptible host.

29. Portal of Entry It may be any opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host. It is within the same system of portals of exit.

30. Susceptible Host It is an individual who cannot resist a microorganism invading the body, multiplying and resulting infection. HOST- a person susceptible to disease, lacking physical resistance to overcome the invasion of the pathogenic organism.

31. COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

32. COLD - most common infectious disease INFLUENZA - viral infection

33. PNEUMONIA - infection in the lungs by viruses, bacteria and other pathogens.( chest pain)

34. Chicken Pox Small red spots that become blisters/ scabs 13- 17 days Early stage of rupture of blisters

35. MEASLES Long lasting cough in the morning Slight fever in the afternoon Sweating at night Chest and back pain Pale Skin Hoarse voice

36. STREP THROAT Sore throat, fever, nausea, vomiting high fever and muscle ache

37. MUMPS Spreads through saliva Parotid salivary glands Fever, swelling and pain

38. BODY DEFENSES First Line of Defense SKIN TINY HAIR MUCOUS MEMBRANE

39. Second Line of Defense White Blood Cells inflammation

40. Third Line of Defense Antibodies Active immunity Passive immunity

41. These are illnesses caused by pathogens that are easily passed on from one to another. These are not caused by pathogens and cant be transferred from one person to another. It is the resistance to disease through the activities of our immune system Quiz #3

42. 1. It is a place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. 2. A person susceptible to disease, lacking physical resistance to overcome the invasion of the pathogenic organism.

43. 3 . It is a method of transfer by which the microorganism moves from reservoir to a susceptible host. 4. It may be any opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host.

44. 5. It is a microbial organism with the ability to cause disease. 6. It is a place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. 7. It is the transmission of a pathogenic agent through the various links.

45. Write the process how the character got sick. By way of illustration, write the six elements of chain of infection.

46. Alice is a student in a prestigious school in the city. With air conditioned rooms conducive for learning, students were given comfort. One of her classmates who happen to be her seatmate is suffering

47. from colds and sneezes every now and then. Alice could not do away with it since they stay in one classroom. After few days, symptoms of common colds were also seen in her.