(Mapeh report unit 3 lesson 3)Stages of Infection, Comparison of Viral and Bacterial Infection. What is the diffirence between Viral and Bacterial infection? With Quiz at the last. Exact need for your report. Detailed.
Infectious Agents
Infectious agents are tricky little invaders. They sneak in, use our body, and often make us sick in the process.
These causes infectious disease.
They are collectively known as Pathogens
Infectious Agent No. 1
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
What are Infectious Agents?
An Infectious Agent is something that infiltrates another living thing, like you. When an infectious agent hitches a ride, you have officially become an infected host.
There are four main classes of Infectious Agents. These fab four can infect all sorts of living things.
Chain of infection is a process in which a favorable condition is required for micro-organism to spread or transfer from reservoir to a susceptible host.
Infectious Agents
Infectious agents are tricky little invaders. They sneak in, use our body, and often make us sick in the process.
These causes infectious disease.
They are collectively known as Pathogens
Infectious Agent No. 1
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria
What are Infectious Agents?
An Infectious Agent is something that infiltrates another living thing, like you. When an infectious agent hitches a ride, you have officially become an infected host.
There are four main classes of Infectious Agents. These fab four can infect all sorts of living things.
Chain of infection is a process in which a favorable condition is required for micro-organism to spread or transfer from reservoir to a susceptible host.
HIGHLIGHTS:
Lesson 10: Nature, Prevention and Control Communicable Disease
Lesson 11: Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease
Lesson 12: Community Programs and Policies on Disease and Development of Self-Monitoring Skills
Lesson 13: Agencies and Referral Procedures for Communicable Disease, Prevention, and Control
I made this quiz to help enhance your knowledge and also my knowledge, hence I could be a doctor someday :D. That's a joke, I want to be a scientist some day not a doctor, but I am learning these things because it is one of the requirements for being a SCIENTIST!
MAPEH 8 - Health 3rd Quarter
Chain of Infection and Stages of Infection
If you want a powerpoint copy of this, please look for the download link in the comment section :)
HIGHLIGHTS:
Lesson 10: Nature, Prevention and Control Communicable Disease
Lesson 11: Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease
Lesson 12: Community Programs and Policies on Disease and Development of Self-Monitoring Skills
Lesson 13: Agencies and Referral Procedures for Communicable Disease, Prevention, and Control
I made this quiz to help enhance your knowledge and also my knowledge, hence I could be a doctor someday :D. That's a joke, I want to be a scientist some day not a doctor, but I am learning these things because it is one of the requirements for being a SCIENTIST!
MAPEH 8 - Health 3rd Quarter
Chain of Infection and Stages of Infection
If you want a powerpoint copy of this, please look for the download link in the comment section :)
DR.MRS.BHAVANI.A
NURSING TUTOR, ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
INFECTION CONTROL - CHAIN OF INFECTION
INTRODUCTION
A major concern for health practioners is the danger of spreading microorganisms from person to person and from place to place. Microorganisms are naturally present in almost all environments. Some are beneficial; some are not. Some are harmless to most people, and others are harmful to many people. Still others are harmless except in certain circumstances. Prevention of infection is a major focus for nurses. As primary caregivers, nurses are involved in identifying, preventing, controlling, and teaching the patient about infection.
INFECTION
• The word "infection" means something different from "disease," although the two terms sometimes are confused. Disease is a general word that describes any abnormality of the human condition or something that interferes with the normal, healthy functioning of the body.
• Diseases include infections and infestations, among others. Infection is a term that refers specifically to any abnormal condition caused by a microbe, such as a bacterium, virus, or parasite, that has invaded another organism (like a human) and interfered with some aspect of its function. An infestation is similar to an infection. It refers to any abnormal condition caused by an organism larger than a microbe, such as an insect, louse, or worm.
• The phrase "infectious diseases" is used to refer to both infections and infestations, regardless of the severity of the condition. An infection beneath a fingernail and a serious case of hepatitis * C both are considered infectious diseases.
• The hallmark of many infections is inflammation, which is largely a result of the immune system's * response to infection, irritation, or injury.
• The characteristics of inflammation include
• redness,
• warmth,
• swelling, and
• pain.
• Important players in the immune reaction are the white blood cells.
• In response to germs, white cells race to the area of infection to fight off the invader; the word "pus" refers to a thick fluid produced by the body in response to an infection that contains these white cells along with other substances resulting from the reaction.
• Chronic infections are those infections that last a longer time—weeks, months, or even years.
• A chronic infection can develop from an acute infection that does not clear up.
• Some chronic infections continue to have signs and symptoms, causing discomfort and interfering with life for long periods of time.
• Other chronic infections may have few or no signs. People who have a chronic infection may not be aware that they still have an active infection and may still be capable of passing the infectious microbe to others.
• One example is hepatitis C, a disease that can have few symptoms but also can cause cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, or liver cancer. People with hepatitis C may not be aware that they have it without taking an antibody * test that
This is an Embedded version of the presentation. This Presentation is Updated with some new graphics and interiors,it will help everyone to understand the lesson "Why do we fall ill".
(Mapeh report unit 2 lesson 3)
Food Pyramid - a nutritional diagram in the shape of a pyramid, especially (in the US) the Food Guide Pyramid.
- a graphic representation of predatory relationships in the food chain, in which various forms of life are shown on different levels, with each level preying on the one below it. With activity
Halimbawa ng mga Lathalain sa paglalakbay sa Filipino Journalism. Ang mga lathalain ay nakuha din lamang sa bro-browse ko sa internet. Subalit ito ay pinaghirapan ko sa pag-hahanap ng mga ito.
Halimbawa ng mga Lathalain sa Filipino Journalism. Ang mga lathalain ay nakuha din lamang sa bro-browse ko sa internet. Subalit ito ay pinaghirapan ko sa pag-hahanap ng mga ito.
Halimbawa ng mga Lathalain sa Filipino Journalism. Ang mga lathalain ay nakuha din lamang sa bro-browse ko sa internet. Subalit ito ay pinaghirapan ko sa pag-hahanap ng mga ito.
I made this simpler so that next time I can use this in my schools, and I can also help other children that needs my summarized description about figure of speech (HIHI English po yan)
Ultimately be putting out newspaper, the practical value and useful-news, instruction-wise, of this presentation are quite obvious. It commends itself to school officials interested in insuring their students success in journalistic writing and of their journalism teachers success in their school paper advising jobs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
5. There are four stages of infection:
Incubation Stage
Prodromal Stage
Illness Stage
Convalescent Stage
6.
7. Incubation Stage
- The Incubation period is the time between the entry of
an infectious agent in the host of onset symptoms. During
this time, the infectious agent invades the tissue and
multiplies to produce an infection. The patient is typically
infectious to others during the latter-part of this stage.
- It is important to verify the incubation period of a
suspected infection to avoid its transmission to another
person before the onset of symptoms.
8. Prodromal Stage
The prodromal stage is the time the onset of
non-specific symptoms until specific symptoms
begin to manifest. The infectious agent continues
to invade and multiply in the host. A patient
may also be infectious to other persons during
the time period , there is a slight elevation in
temperature during this stage.
9. Illness Stage
The Illnes stage is the time when the patient has
specific signs and symptoms of an infectious process.
The patient with chicken pox will experience rise in
temperature and continued outbreaks of skin eruptions
for atleast 2 to 3 more days.
10. Convalescent Stage
The convalescent stages starts from the beginning of the
disappearance of acute symptoms until the patient returns
to the previous state of health. Skin eruptions and irritation
for chicken pox disappear during this stage.
The symptoms of an infection depend on the type of
disease. Some signs of infection will affect the whole body
generally such as fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss,
fever, night sweat, chills, aches and pains. Others are
specific to individual body parts such as skin rashes,
coughing or runny nore.
11. Remember:
You can still spread the
disease during any of these
periods. You can spread a
disease before you’re sick
and after you’re sick.
12. What is the diffirence
between Viral and
Bacterial infection?
Comparison of Viral
and Bacterial Infection
13. Bacterial or Viral Infection
Bacterial and viral infection
can both cause the same kind of
symptoms. Its important to
distinguish one from the other
because viral infection cannot
be cured by antibiotics.
14. Infectious diseases are caused by microbes.
These are small organisms, which are invisible with the naked eye and
invade your body to get multiplied.
The symptoms caused by an infection depend on the location, nature
of the infection, and type of microbe.
The two major types of microbes are the bacteria and the virus.
Viruses are the smallest in size of all the microbes.
They are able to attack almost any living organism.
A virus uses another organism, like human being, as a host.
It means that the virus invades a cell of the body and uses parts of the
cell to multiply itself.
In this way, hundreds of new viruses are produced.
Which can spread throughout the body.
They can also infect new organisms.
Viruses can’t survive outside the body of the host for long.
They can only survive a few seconds to minutes after leaving the host.
15. Bacteria are much larger that viruses.
They live almost everywhere and many of them don’t cause
infection, but the viruses, all kinds of viruses cause harm to the
body
A bacterium multiplies itself by division.
If the condition are favorable (temperature, nutrition) some
bacteria can multiply after every 20 minutes.
Your intestines contains large number of bacteria.
Normally, these bacteria don’t cause any problem. Actually,
they are quite useful in various ways, like digestion.
But if you have weak immunity, the balance may become
disturbed and complaints like diarrhea, constipation or
cramps may occur.
16. Viruses and some bacteria can cause infections.
Locally, an infection causes redness and swelling.
The tissue may also become warm and painful.
Common symptoms of a Viral or Bacterial infection are fever, fatigue, and general
malaise.
Mostly, viral infection is simple and the complaints subside by themselves.
It is difficult to eliminate viruses.
Specific medicines have been developed only for certain viruses. Also an infection
usually revolves by itself. If it is not the case, the physician can prescribe antibiotics.
An antibiotic is only effective against a bacteria, not against a virus.
It is important to prevent the spread of microbes. Good hygiene can play an
important role in prevention. Regularly wash your hands and cover your mouth
with tissue paper or cloth whenever you cough or sneeze.
Take proper care of little wounds by disinfecting them with iodine or alcohol.
28. Multiple Choice
Directions : Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the stage when you feel a bit better and the disappearance of the
disease?
a. Illness Stage b. Convalescence Stage c. Incubation Stage d.Prodromal Stage
2. What is the smallest of all microbe?
a. Fungi b. Algae c. Bacteria d. Virus
3. It invades a cell of the body and uses parts of the cell to multiply itself.
a. Organism b. Viruses c. Cell d. Bacteria
4. Antibiotics is effective against virus?
a. Yes c. maybe
b. No d. probably
5. What is the stage that is onset of non-specific sign of infection, like slight
elevation of temperature?
a. Illness Stage c. Prodromal Stage
b. Convalescent stage d. Incubation Stage
29. Identification
Direction: Write the correct answer in you paper.
6. Infection caused by the presence of a virus in the
body.
7. What is the period when the patient has specific
signs and symptoms of an infectious process?
8-9. Why it is important to verify the incubation
period of a suspect infection?
10. What can you do to prevent infection?
30. True or False
Directions :Write T is its True and F if False.
1. Prodromal Stage is the time between the entry of an infectious agent
in the host.
2. Bacteria is the smallest microbe.
3. Intestines contains large number of Bacteria.
4. The bacteria multiplies itself by division.
5. Its easy to eliminate viruses.
6. Virus are able to attack almost any living organism.
7. Bacteria lives everywhere and many of them don’t cause infection.
8. Viruses uses parts of the cell to multiply itself.
9. Bacteria can’t multiply after every 20 minutes.
10.Specific medicines have been developed only for certain viruses.