Major Diseases
CHAPTER 10
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Chapter 10
Major Diseases
Learning Outcomes:Identify agents and vectors involved in the spread of infectious diseasesDescribe the process of infection, and the role of the body’s immune systemDiscuss prevention and treatments for colds and influenzaName and describe common infectious diseasesEvaluate your personal infectious disease risk factors, and strategies to decrease risk
Infectious Diseases
Infection is triggered by a pathogen (disease-causing organism) that is transmitted to the host (person or population) by a vector (biological or physical vehicle)
Types of microbes that can cause infection are:
Viruses Fungi
Bacteria Protozoa
Helminths (Parasitic Worms)
Agents of Infection: VirusesThe most common viruses are as follows:Rhinoviruses and Adenoviruses: which get into the mucous membranes and cause upper respiratory tract infections and coldsInfluenza viruses: can change their outer protein coats so dramatically that individuals resistant to one strain cannot fight off a new oneHerpes viruses: take up permanent residence in the cells and periodically flare upPapillomaviruses: may be responsible for a rise in the incidence of cervical cancer among younger womenHepatitis viruses: cause several forms of liver infection, ranging from mild to life threateningSlow viruses: give no early indication of their presence but can produce fatal illnesses within a few years
Agents of Infection: Viruses cont’dRetroviruses: named for their backward (retro) sequence of genetic replication compared to other viruses. One retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Filoviruses: resemble threads and extremely lethal
Coronavirus 2019-COVID-19CDC is responding to a pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-person caused by a novel (new) coronavirus. The disease has been named “coronavirus disease 2019” (abbreviated “COVID-19”)
COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are common in people and many different species of animals, including camels, cattle, cats, and bats. Reported illnesses have ranged from very mild (including some with no reported symptoms) to severe, including illness resulting in death. Older people and people of all ages with severe chronic medical conditions — like heart disease, lung disease and diabetes, for example — seem to be at higher risk of developing serious COVID-19 illness
Agents of InfectionBacteria: are the most plentiful microorganisms as well as the most pathogenic. Bacteria harm the body by releasing either enzymes that digest body cells or toxins that produce the specific effects of diseases such as diphtheria or toxic shock syndromeFungi: consist of threadlike fibers and reproductive spores. Fungi lack chlorophyll and must obtain their food from organic material, which may include human tissueProtozoa: single-celled, microscopic animals release enzymes.
communicable diseases by radhika kulvi msc nursingRadhika kulvi
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
Reporting of cases of communicable disease is important in the planning and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs, in the assurance of appropriate medical therapy, and in the detection of common-source outbreaks. California law mandates healthcare providers and laboratories to report over 80 diseases or conditions to their local health department. Some examples of the reportable communicable diseases include Hepatitis A, B & C, influenza, measles, and salmonella and other food borne illnesses.
How do these communicable diseases spread?
How these diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agent. Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are by:
Physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch (staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB)
Contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food (salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
Bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease (mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
Travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.
communicable diseases by radhika kulvi msc nursingRadhika kulvi
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
Reporting of cases of communicable disease is important in the planning and evaluation of disease prevention and control programs, in the assurance of appropriate medical therapy, and in the detection of common-source outbreaks. California law mandates healthcare providers and laboratories to report over 80 diseases or conditions to their local health department. Some examples of the reportable communicable diseases include Hepatitis A, B & C, influenza, measles, and salmonella and other food borne illnesses.
How do these communicable diseases spread?
How these diseases spread depends on the specific disease or infectious agent. Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are by:
Physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch (staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB)
Contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food (salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
Bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease (mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
Travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.
The disease is the malfunctioning of the body organs due to one reason or the other. In other words, it is a disorder of the body. The state of the body when any of its normal functions are disturbed or when the structures are altered is called disease. We understand that to remain healthy, we need to do much more than just keep away from disease. CONGENITAL DISEASE: This type of disease is present right from the birth. This is caused either due to genetic disorders or gene mutation or environmental factors. These diseases are passed on from one generation to next generation. Some examples of congenital diseases are Haemophilia, Sickle cell anaemia, Colour blindness, Thalassaemia etc.
make sure to discuss the following•your understanding of t.docxcarliotwaycave
make sure to discuss the following
•
your understanding of the purpose of the research
•
what the researchers found (i.e., the results of the research study)
•
the broader implications or practical application of the research
•
any problems you see in the research study
•
what the researchers might have done differently to improve their study
•
future research that might be conducted in this particular research area
.
make sure to discuss the following•your understanding of .docxcarliotwaycave
make sure to discuss the following:
•
your understanding of the purpose of the research
•
what the researchers found (i.e., the results of the research study)
•
the broader implications or practical application of the research
•
any problems you see in the research study
•
what the researchers might have done differently to improve their study
•
future research that might be conducted in this particular research area
.
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The disease is the malfunctioning of the body organs due to one reason or the other. In other words, it is a disorder of the body. The state of the body when any of its normal functions are disturbed or when the structures are altered is called disease. We understand that to remain healthy, we need to do much more than just keep away from disease. CONGENITAL DISEASE: This type of disease is present right from the birth. This is caused either due to genetic disorders or gene mutation or environmental factors. These diseases are passed on from one generation to next generation. Some examples of congenital diseases are Haemophilia, Sickle cell anaemia, Colour blindness, Thalassaemia etc.
make sure to discuss the following•your understanding of t.docxcarliotwaycave
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your understanding of the purpose of the research
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what the researchers found (i.e., the results of the research study)
•
the broader implications or practical application of the research
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any problems you see in the research study
•
what the researchers might have done differently to improve their study
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future research that might be conducted in this particular research area
.
make sure to discuss the following•your understanding of .docxcarliotwaycave
make sure to discuss the following:
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your understanding of the purpose of the research
•
what the researchers found (i.e., the results of the research study)
•
the broader implications or practical application of the research
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any problems you see in the research study
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what the researchers might have done differently to improve their study
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future research that might be conducted in this particular research area
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make sure to discuss the following•your understanding o.docxcarliotwaycave
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your understanding of the purpose of the research
•
what the researchers found (i.e., the results of the research study)
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the broader implications or practical application of the research
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what the researchers might have done differently to improve their study
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Main questions of the essay1. What are types of daily-lived situat.docxcarliotwaycave
Main questions of the essay
1. What are types of daily-lived situations that confront undocumented youth sense of identity and belonging?
2. What types of psychological trauma impacts gow undocumented youth negotiate their daily lived situations?
3. How do undocumented youth respond to their daily psychological trauma that they experienced?
Use some examples to describe those experiences happened to those undocument youth, it can be made up.
In the Conclusion, provide some solution. Picture yourself as a policy maker.
.
Make a simple plan to observe and evaluate a facility in your school.docxcarliotwaycave
Make a simple plan to observe and evaluate a facility in your school or surrounding community , and recomond somethings in order to improve it ( write an essay about this article )
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200 words
MLA style
should have basic words
Should have an introduction,two bodies,and conclusion.
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Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology PresentationSelect one.docxcarliotwaycave
Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Presentation
Select
one of the following psychological diagnoses:
·
Depressive disorder
·
Generalized anxiety disorder
·
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
·
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Create
a 9-12 slide Microsoft
®
PowerPoint
®
presentation, with Speaker Notes;
You have been asked to provide a presentation regarding psychological issues for a local community organization. Your audience is made up of adults within the community who are
not
mental health professionals, and who are interested in learning more about a specific mental health issue.
Provide
a brief explanation of the mental health issue chosen, including primary symptoms, diagnostic criteria, populations most affected, and prevalence within the U.S.
Discuss
each of the major theories in Psychology: psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems approaches.
Compare and contrast
the major approaches in relation to your selected psychological issue.
Include the following:
When, how, and why each approach developed, and identify psychologists most associated with the approach.
Terms and concepts associated with the psychological approach.
The techniques and strategies used by each approach, and the goals of treatment.
The effectiveness of each approach towardtreating yourselected diagnosis, based on treatment outcome research.
Incorporate
information from at least five peer-reviewed, professional publications.
Cite
each source you have relied upon throughout the body of your presentation, and list them on a separate slide titled
References
. Use direct quotes only sparingly.
Format
your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Submit
a signed Certificate of Originality document.
.
Make a powerpoint presentation. At least 4 to 6 pages. Your pape.docxcarliotwaycave
Make a powerpoint presentation. At least 4 to 6 pages.
Your paper should include a cover page (setting forth the title of the paper, your name, the course number, and the date), and a bibliography.
Your paper should include an introductory paragraph, a comprehensive but concise analysis of the topic, and a conclusion paragraph.
.
Make a 150 word response to the following. Incorporarte what was sai.docxcarliotwaycave
Make a 150 word response to the following. Incorporarte what was said in 1.In your response. Discuss some of the qualities that can make art "great." Use texbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Chapters 1-5
1. Although beauty is in the eye of the beholder, certain criteria should be looked at or met to consider something art. The same applies to calling someone an artist. Getlein first discusses that artists create places that fulfill a purpose for humans. Examples of this include Stonehenge and the Vietnam Memorial. Artists also exaggerate or give new perspective on ordinary objects to make them seem extraordinary. Another thing artists accomplish is using their art to record history. Their art could remind people of a different time or era in human history. For example, a painting for an ancient Chinese dynasty gives us insight into that era. Artists give form to things that cannot be seen or understood. This mostly includes statues, paintings, etc. of various deities. This same idea can also be applied when artists give form to feelings or ideas. This is shown in Van Gogh's famous painting called The Starry Night. Lastly, artists can give us a new or refreshing perspective on the world.
An artist or their art must meet one of these criteria to be considered art. These six criteria show how influential and important art has been to human culture and society for a very long time. Art gives us glimpses into times that are long gone and clues to a different culture.
Make a 150 word response to the following. Incorporate what is said in 2. In your response. What factors make a work of art valuable in different ways to different people? Use texbook: Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Chapters 1-5
2. Unity is when pieces come together in art to form a cohesive whole. Variety is the difference in these pieces to be more interesting. An example of these concepts is figure 3.8 on page 56. Guernica by Pablo Picasso is a painting of disfigured animals and people that seem chaotic. Different images can be seen throughout the painting. Unity is shown because all the individual objects and people come together to give you a large picture. Variety is also shown because many of the animals like the horse are disfigured and almost cartoonish. I chose this work because looking at the individual pieces of the picture seem strange but they come together to show some kind of conflict.
Symmetrical balance is when the center of gravity in a piece of art is vertical. The two sides of the art must also correspond to each other. An example of this is figure 3.1 on page 51. A picture of interior upper chapel of the Sainte-Chappelle in Paris is shown. This artwork in the chapel shows symmetrical balance because there is an implied line down the middle of the design where a door is and both sides mirror each other perfectly. Asymmetrical balance is when two sides of the art do not correspond w.
Major dams and bridges were built by the WPA during the New Deal o.docxcarliotwaycave
Major dams and bridges were built by the WPA during the "New Deal" of President Franklin Roosevelt in the 1930s and 1940s and have withstood decades. The American Interstate Highway system came into being during the Eisenhower presidential years over 60 years ago. Sewers were built several generations ago. In more exact terms, the United States' infrastructure system is old and beginning to rapidly deteriorate. How do you feel about the aging of United States' infrastructure? Explain.
How would you recommend a strategy to repair or replace the various aging critical infrastructure? Explain.
What major challenges or barriers exist? Explain.
How do you think they could be overcome?
What types of technologies can be used in determining weaknesses in the integrity of infrastructure construction? Explain.
In your opinion, are these technologies effective? Why or why not?
How often do you think critical components should be inspected for weaknesses and vulnerabilities? Explain your rationale.
In your own words, please post a response to the Discussion Board and comment on at least two other postings. You will be graded on the quality of your postings.
For assistance with your assignment, please use your text, Web resources, and all course materials.
Unit Materials
.
Major Paper #1--The Point of View EssayWe will be working on this .docxcarliotwaycave
Major Paper #1--The Point of View Essay
We will be working on this paper for the next three units. The final draft of the paper--with all three sections described below--will be due at the end of Unit #4.
Purpose:
This paper assignment has several purposes. As the first major paper for this class, the Point of View Essay is designed to re-engage you with the fundamentals of all good writing, including using lush sensory details to show the reader a particular place (rather than tell them about it), basic organization, clear focus, etc. However, this unit does not function as a mere review. The Point of View Essay will also introduce you to the concept of "thinking and seeing rhetorically, and analyzing writing rhetorically"--using the Writer's Toolbox described in this unit to improve your writing and critical reading skills. Finally, the Point of View Essay allows you to reflect on this process.
The Assignment:
1. Pleasant/Unpleasant Description of the Place:
Choose a place you can observe for an extended period of time (at least 20-30 minutes). Use all of your senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, even taste if possible) to experience the place, and record all of the sensations that you experience. As you record your data, you may wish to note which details naturally seem more positive, negative, or neutral, in terms of tone. (For instance, a stinky and overflowing trash barrel swarming with flies in a nearby alley might seem more inherently negative than a little white bunny rabbit hopping playfully across the lawn.) Then, you will use this information to help your write two descriptions of the place: one positive, one negative (at least 1-2 well-developed paragraphs or a minimum of 125-150 words each). Both descriptions should be factually true (same real time and real place), but you will want one description to be clearly positive in terms of tone and the other to be clearly negative. In addition to including the information and sensory details you've collected as the basis for these descriptions, you will also use the Writer's Toolbox to create your two contrasting impressions for this assignment. (The Writer's Toolbox is explained in the Lecture Notes section of this unit.) As you revise and refine your descriptions, please be sure you are "showing" your readers your place (really putting the readers "there" in the moment and in this scene), rather than simply "telling" them about it. You will also want to try to eliminate unnecessary linking verbs as much as you can, incorporating verbs that show "action" whenever possible.
2. Rhetorical Analysis:
Looking back at your descriptions, analyze how you created these two very different impressions of the place (one positive, one negative) without changing any of the facts. How did you make your place seem so positive in one paragraph and yet so negative in the other paragraph, without changing the facts? Discuss how you incorporated each of the tools from the Writer's T.
Major Essay for Final needs to be 5 pages long on the topic below an.docxcarliotwaycave
Major Essay for Final needs to be 5 pages long on the topic below and in Mla format with wroks citied AFTER he five pages due at 12:15 today
Requriements: 5 pages long
secondary sources 2 credible , 2 academic
Mla format (in-text ciations + works cited page)
focused specific paper topic
Identifiable methods of compostion choosen wisely
Topic Propsal:
The Media’s Influences on Society
The topic I chose to write my major essay on is the media’s influences on society.
This includes both positive and negative influences that the media portrays which plays a big part in society. I will explain how and why the media is used for much more than just entertainment purposes for society and how the media affects the choices society makes and its outcomes. The media affects society with these influences because it alters the way people think and it plays a role in the choices the people make. The change in peoples thoughts do to influences from what they see creates an opportunity for them to either make a good or bad choice depending on the type of influence that is shown. I believe that most of time the media portrays negative influences upon society. A positive influence from the media would be a commercial or show/clip about stopping bullying that informs people about the topic and why bullying is wrong and how it affects the lives of the victims. This type of media would influence society in a positive way because it would actually get society thinking about the situation and for the bullies some of them will actually realize the harm they are causing there victims and they would probably stop bullying people. A negative influence of the media would be a song with someone talking about how they murder people and take drugs and make it in a way to make people think it’s “cool” and then people who listen to it start imitating the things talked about in the song because they want to be “cool”. What I hope to accomplish with this essay is to open people eyes and help them see that the things they watch and listen to as in media actually alter the way they think and the choices they make so hopefully they change what they listen to and watch to more positive things.
The reason I chose to write about the media and its influences on society is to inform people that media has a bigger purposes than just entertainment for society and to hopefully help people make better choices and actually pay attention to the things they watch and listen to. I see how the media influence our modern society everywhere, at the basketball courts at the park at stores. Some of the people at the basketball courts I go to start listening to music that talk about drugs, gangs, murder and they start acting tough, being stupid and talking reckless and they get into arguments or even worse end up getting into fights and someone gets hurt I see this all the time. My paper is important because it will help shed light on the media motives and hopefully start making people m.
Major AssignmentObjectivesThis assignment will provide practice .docxcarliotwaycave
Major Assignment
Objectives
This assignment will provide practice and experience in:
·
Writing a program – Topic 2
·
Debugging– Topic 3
·
Stepwise Refinement& Modularisation – Topic 4 and Topic 10
·
Selection – Topic 5
·
Iteration – Topic 6
·
Arrays – Topic 7
·
File handling – Topic 9
·
Structs – Topic 11
NB Depend
i
ng on when you start this assignment you may need to read ahead especially on how to use files andstructs.
Suggestions:
Read the assignment specifications carefully first.Write the first version of your program in Week 4 and then create new versions as you learn new topics. Do NOT leave it until Week 11 to start writing the program. Review Topic 4 on stepwise refinement. This is how you should approach the major. Also note that though your program must do something and must compile it does not have to be complete to earn marks.
Specifications
One of the many tasks that programmers get asked to do is to convert data from one form to another. Frequently data is presented to users in well-labelled, tabular form for easy reading. However, it is impossible or very difficult to do further processing of the data unless it is changed into a more useful form.
For the purposes of this assignment I have downloaded and will make available the undergraduate applications to the 37 Australian universities from the Department of Education for 2009 – 2013 data file as a text file.
Your program will load this data into an array of structs, save the data in a form that is directly usable by a database (see below), display the data on the console in its original form and in its database form. It will also allow the user to display the highest number of applications for a given state and year.
Your program will use a menu to allow the user to choose what task is to be done. You will only be required to handle the Applications data. You can ignore the Offers and Offers rates data (see below).
Data
See “undergraduateapplicationsoffersandacceptances2013appendices.txt” for the original data.
This is the data your program should produce and save:
New South Wales Charles Sturt University 4265 4298 4287 4668 4614
New South Wales Macquarie University 6255 6880 7294 7632 7625
New South Wales Southern Cross University 2432 2742 2573 2666 2442
New South Wales The University of New England 1601 1531 1504 1632 1690
New South Wales The University of New South Wales 10572 10865 11077 11008 11424
New South Wales The University of Newcastle 9364 9651 9876 10300 10571
New South Wales The University of Sydney 13963 14631 14271 14486 15058
New South Wales "University of Technology, Sydney" 10155 9906 9854 10621 9614
New South Wales University of Western Sydney 11251 11.
magine that you are employed by one of the followingT.docxcarliotwaycave
magine
that you are employed by one of the following:
The social services division of a state or city government
A citizen action committee made up of community members
A police or fire department
A school or educational organization (public or private)
Develop
a 1,050- to 1,400-word needs statement and management plan that will be part of a proposal for a fictitious, grant-funded project of your choosing on behalf of your agency or organization. Include the following sections in your submission:
Paragraph One: Describe the characteristics of your fictitious agency or organization.
Paragraph Two: Discuss the possible funding sources you might contact for this grant proposal.
Needs Statement: Establish the specific problem the proposed project will address.
Management Plan: Describe the responsibilities of the project director (you) and any staff you will employ to implement the grant.
Format
your paper in accordance with APA guidelines.
Submit
your assignment.
Resources
Center for Writing Excellence
Reference and Citation Generator
Grammar and Writing Guides
Copyright 2018 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
.
M4D1 Communication TechnologiesIn this module, we have focused .docxcarliotwaycave
M4D1: Communication Technologies
In this module, we have focused on understanding and using new communication technologies to be more competent communicators.
Respond to the following:
What social media strategy would you recommend for your current (or previous) workplace?
What areas do you think your organization can still improve?
How would you explain the importance of social media to your employer?
.
Luthans and Doh (2012) discuss three major techniques for responding.docxcarliotwaycave
Luthans and Doh (2012) discuss three major techniques for responding to political risk. Should an international organization always use all three techniques? Why or why not?
Your response should be at least 150 words in length. All sources used must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
www.obm.nsaem.ru/.../International%20Management_
Main
Textbook.pd
.
Lyddie by Katherine Paterson1. If you were Lyddie how would you h.docxcarliotwaycave
Lyddie by Katherine Paterson
1. If you were Lyddie how would you have handled the incident with mr marsen?
2. Explain how Charlie's visit is a turning point in the story
3. How does Paterson show how important it is for a person to have goals in life
4. What are three examples that Lyddie supports her self pity with when she feels she has been too late for everything
5. What do we learn about Diana and how does this new development change Lyddies role in the factory
6. What event occurs in chapter 20 that was foreshadowed earlier? What predictions can you make about Lyddie's future
.
Luthans and Doh (2012) discuss feedback systems. Why is it important.docxcarliotwaycave
Luthans and Doh (2012) discuss feedback systems. Why is it important to consider an effective feedback system as an international manager?
Your response should be at least 150 words in length. All sources used must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
www.obm.nsaem.ru/.../International%20Management_
Main
Textbook.pdf
use pages 212-215
.
Luthans and Doh (2012) discuss factors affecting decision-making aut.docxcarliotwaycave
Luthans and Doh (2012) discuss factors affecting decision-making authority. Briefly describe at least three factors that affect decision-making authority.
I attached chapter 11 to the reflection paper assignment so you can use that to answer this question
thank you
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
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.
Luthans and Doh (2012) discuss entry strategies and ownership stru.docxcarliotwaycave
Luthans and Doh (2012) discuss entry strategies and ownership structures. As an international manager, which entry strategy would you use for a banking organization? For context, select one of the BRIC countries. Briefly explain why.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. All sources used must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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1. Major Diseases
CHAPTER 10
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Chapter 10
Major Diseases
Learning Outcomes:Identify agents and vectors involved in the
spread of infectious diseasesDescribe the process of infection,
and the role of the body’s immune systemDiscuss prevention
and treatments for colds and influenzaName and describe
common infectious diseasesEvaluate your personal infectious
disease risk factors, and strategies to decrease risk
Infectious Diseases
Infection is triggered by a pathogen (disease-causing organism)
that is transmitted to the host (person or population) by a vector
(biological or physical vehicle)
Types of microbes that can cause infection are:
Viruses Fungi
Bacteria Protozoa
Helminths (Parasitic Worms)
2. Agents of Infection: VirusesThe most common viruses are as
follows:Rhinoviruses and Adenoviruses: which get into the
mucous membranes and cause upper respiratory tract infections
and coldsInfluenza viruses: can change their outer protein coats
so dramatically that individuals resistant to one strain cannot
fight off a new oneHerpes viruses: take up permanent residence
in the cells and periodically flare upPapillomaviruses: may be
responsible for a rise in the incidence of cervical cancer among
younger womenHepatitis viruses: cause several forms of liver
infection, ranging from mild to life threateningSlow viruses:
give no early indication of their presence but can produce fatal
illnesses within a few years
Agents of Infection: Viruses cont’dRetroviruses: named for
their backward (retro) sequence of genetic replication compared
to other viruses. One retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Filoviruses: resemble threads and extremely lethal
Coronavirus 2019-COVID-19CDC is responding to
a pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-
person caused by a novel (new) coronavirus. The disease has
been named “coronavirus disease 2019” (abbreviated “COVID-
19”)
COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus. Coronaviruses are a
large family of viruses that are common in people and many
different species of animals, including camels, cattle, cats, and
bats. Reported illnesses have ranged from very mild (including
3. some with no reported symptoms) to severe, including illness
resulting in death. Older people and people of all ages with
severe chronic medical conditions — like heart disease, lung
disease and diabetes, for example — seem to be at higher risk of
developing serious COVID-19 illness
Agents of InfectionBacteria: are the most plentiful
microorganisms as well as the most pathogenic. Bacteria harm
the body by releasing either enzymes that digest body cells or
toxins that produce the specific effects of diseases such as
diphtheria or toxic shock syndromeFungi: consist of threadlike
fibers and reproductive spores. Fungi lack chlorophyll and must
obtain their food from organic material, which may include
human tissueProtozoa: single-celled, microscopic animals
release enzymes and toxins that destroy cells or interfere with
their function. The most common disease caused by protozoa in
the US is giardiasis, an intestinal infection caused by
microorganisms in human and animal feces.Helminths (Parasitic
Worms): are small parasitic worms that attack specific tissue or
organs and compete with the hosts for nutrients. Ex: the
tapeworm may be contracted from eating undercooked beef,
pork, or fish containing larval forms of the tapeworm
High risk population that can develop infections?Children and
their families: youngsters get up to a dozen colds annually;
adults average two a yearOlder adults: people over age 65 who
get the flu have a 1 in 10 chance of being hospitalized for
pneumonia or other respiratory problems and a 1 in 50 chance
of dying from the diseaseThe chronically ill: lifelong diseases,
such as diabetes, kidney disease, or sickle cell anemia,
decreases an individual’s ability to fend off infectionsSmokers
and those with respiratory problems: smokers are a high risk
4. group for respiratory infections and serious complications, such
as pneumonia. Chronic breathing disorders, such as asthma and
emphysema, also greatly increase the risk of respiratory
infectionsThose who live or work in close contact with someone
sick: health care workers who treat high risk patients, nursing
home residents and others living in close quarters (i.e. students
at dormitories face greater risks of catching others colds and
flus)
Modes of Transmission
Major vectors that transmit infectious disease to the host are:
Animals and Insects (house pets, livestock, birds, wild animals
Food (E. coli, Salmonella)
People (transmit pathogens through air, touch, or sexual
contact)
Water (typhoid fever and cholera)
High Risk Populations: children and their families, elderly,
chronically ill, smokers and those with respiratory problems,
those who live/work near someone who is ill, residents/workers
in poorly ventilated buildings
Immunity against Viruses
One can develop an immunity toward viruses either by having
the infection and producing antibodies (active natural
immunity), or by being immunized with an “attenuated” vaccine
so that the body is triggered to produce antibodies (active
artificial immunity)
It is important to stay current with your vaccinations, both for
your own health and those around you
5. Common Infectious Diseases
“Common Cold” - 200+ cold viruses
Influenza – Get vaccinated!Influenza A and Influenza B-cause
most flusCDC recommends an annual flu shot for everyone over
the age of 6 monthsH1N1 – 2009 pandemic, still around today
Meningitis: attacks the membranes around the brain and spinal
cord caused by the bacterium Neisseria Meningitidis30% of
cases - 15-24 year olds1 in 5 suffers long-term effectsPrevent
through vaccinationKnow the early symptoms – seek medical
help
Common Infectious Diseases
Hepatitis – 5+ viruses Targets the liver, common
symptomsHepatitis A: mainly food/water-borne,
vaccinationHepatitis B: blood and bodily fluids,
mainly through sexual contact;
vaccinationHepatitis C: no vaccine, risk factors include
exposure to infected blood, illegal
drug use, tattoos, body piercing – make
sure professional and sterile equipment
Insect-and Animal-Borne Infections
Enjoy the outdoors but take precautions
Lyme Disease – spread mainly by deer ticks
6. Symptoms include heart arrhythmias, joint inflammation,
headaches, memory lapses
Bull’s eye rash
West Nile Virus – spread by mosquitoes
flu-like symptoms, can interfere with normal central nervous
system function and inflammation of brain tissue
Seasonal, with elevated numbers again in 2012
Insect-and Animal-Borne InfectionsZika VirusFirst discovered
in 1947, the Zika virus often causes no symptoms or mild ones
similar to those of other infectionsIn 2016, after cases were
confirmed in South America, the World Health
Organization(WHO) declared Zika virus a public health
emergency of international concernsTransmission:Through a
mosquito biteFrom mother to childThrough sexual
contactThrough blood transfusion
Insect-and Animal-Borne InfectionsAvian InfluenzaAka “Bird
Flu” is caused by viruses that occur naturally among wild birds
and usually does not infect humans
However, influenza jumped form birds to humans three times in
the 20th century
In each case, a mutation in the genes of the virus allowed it to
infect humans. Then a further change allowed the virus to pass
easily from one human to another, and it spread rapidly around
the world
Other Infectious DiseasesEpstein-Barr Virus – (member of the
herpes virus family) causes infectious mononucleosisInfectious
Mononucleosis- viral disease transmitted through kissing or any
7. other close contactChronic Fatigue Syndrome-complex disorder
characterized by profound fatigue that does not improve with
bedrestTuberculosis-highly contagious bacterial infection that
claims the lives of more people than any other acute infectious
disease other than pneumoniaMRSA – Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus Aureusaka “super bug” fights off traditional
antibioticsHas a become a major health threat
Cardiometabolic Health
Referring to the heart and to the biochemical processes involved
in the body’s functioning
Risk Factors You Can Control [modifiable]
Overweight/obesity - High Blood Glucose
- Weight circumference - Hypertension
Physical inactivity - Cholesterol Levels
Tobacco Use - Triglycerides
Risk Factors You Cannot Control [non-modifiable]
Age Race Sex Heredity
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of disorders of the body’s metabolism that make
diabetes, heart disease, or stroke more likely
Characteristics: Larger-than-normal waist measurementHigher-
than-normal triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting blood
sugarLower-than-normal HDL
8. DiabetesInsulin ResistancePre-diabetesTypes:Type 1 – pancreas
makes little or no insulinType 2 – pancreas doesn’t make
enough, or body can’t use, insulinGestational
Diabetes – develops while pregnant
Signs and Symptoms
High Blood Pressure
Lipoprotein Profile - Cholesterol
If you are 20+, time to get it checked Know your numbers:
Table 10.6
Lowering cholesterol:Dietary changesWeight
managementPhysical activityMedications only if necessary
Cardiovascular DiseasePhysical & Psychological Risk
FactorsCoronary Artery DiseaseAtherosclerosis
Heart Attack
StrokeRisk Factors:Sex, race, ageObesity, hypertension, high
RBC, heart disease, blood fats, diabetes, HRT, diet
9. Know the Signs – Time is critical
CancerSecond Leading Cause of Death in U.S.“Relative Risk”
FactorsHeredityRacial/Ethnic GroupsAge, SexObesityInfectious
Agents (e.g. HPV)Behaviors (e.g. smoking)
Skin CancerTanning & Tanning BedsIncreased risk: fair skin,
history of sunburns, family history, high number of moles
Breast CancerRisk Factors
Age - Family History
Age at birth of 1st child - Obesity
Breast Biopsies - Occupation
Early Menarche - Race/Ethnicity
Hormone therapy - Alcohol
Sedentary Lifestyle
Self-careImportant to conduct monthly self-
examsSkinBreastTesticular
Have regular physical exams and tests as recommended
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CHAPTER 2
Analyzing the
25. down prices, bargain for higher quality or more services, and
play competitors against each other. These actions will erode
overall industry profitability, forcing all firms to pay attention.
Firms therefore need to know who the important buyers are: is
there a single buyer, or ones who purchase in high volume?
These buyers will have the ability to dictate terms. In addition,
if the products needed by buyers are standard or
undifferentiated, such as commodity grain products, buyers can
play one company against another. Also, if the buyer’s profits
are low and it won’t cost much to switch suppliers, this is an
incentive for buyers to bargain. Backward integration is always
possible – a form of vertical integration that involves the
purchase of suppliers. Companies will pursue backward
integration when it will result in improved efficiency and cost
savings. For example, backward integration might cut
transportation costs, improve profit margins and make the firm
more competitive. An example of backward integration would
be if a bakery business bought a wheat processor and a wheat
farm. (Definition is not in the textbook. Comes from
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backwardintegration.asp.)
NOTE there’s a difference between customers/buyers, and
CONSUMERS. Consumers rarely have any “buyer power” – can
you negotiate the price of a movie ticket? Yet the chain of
“buyers” in the movie industry is multi-layered – from
production studio to distributor to theater owner, with each
buyer group having different degrees of power.
22
The Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Suppliers can exert bargaining power by threatening to raise
prices or reduce the quality of purchased goods and services.
Supplier groups are powerful.
Only a few firms dominate the industry.
There is no competition from substitute products.
Suppliers sell to several industries.
Buyer quality is affected by industry product.
30. The value net is based on game-theory, and represents all the
players in the game, analyzing how their interactions affect a
firm’s ability to generate and appropriate value. The …
Contraception and
Reproduction
CHAPTER 9
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Chapter 9
Contraception and Reproduction
Learning Outcomes:Describe the process of human conception
Identify factors to consider and discuss with your partner when
choosing a contraceptive method
Identify conceptive methods and discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of each
Chapter 9
Contraception and Reproduction
Learning Outcomes:Evaluate contraceptive methods that would
meet your personal criteria if, or when, you need them
31. Describe methods used to perform abortions
Discuss the physiological effects of pregnancy and describe
fetal development
Describe the three stages of labor and the birth process
Conception or Contraception?
If one is engaging in intercourse, one must consider the
consequences of such action and decisions that need to be
madeConception (fertilization) – Pregnancy
Birth Control: Contraception – prevent conception
If so, which method
Other MeansSterilizationAbortion
ConceptionMerging of sperm and egg – fertilizationSperm
travel from vagina through uterus into fallopian tube where it
fertilizes the ovum (egg)Zygote: fertilized eggBlastocyst –
zygote divides into small cluster of cells as it travels down the
fallopian tubeImplantation in the uterus - embryo
Birth ControlAny method used to prevent pregnancyFactors to
consider when choosing a birth control
methodEffectiveness/Reliability in preventing
pregnancyEffectiveness/Reliability in preventing
STIsSuitabilitySide EffectsHealth Risks/SafetyFuture
fertilityPersonal values
32. Comparing Effectiveness
Contraceptive MethodsAbstinence100% effective to prevent
pregnancy
Nonpenetrative Activity“outercourse”Effective against
pregnancy and STIs if no bodily fluid is exchanged
Withdrawal (Coitus interuptus)Not very reliable to prevent
pregnancy
Barrier Methods
Blocks the meeting of egg and sperm by means of a physical
barrier and/or a chemical oneProper usage is critical to it’s
reliability and effectiveness against pregnancyEffectiveness
against STIs depends on type
Nonprescription barriers:
male condom, female condom, contraceptive sponge,
spermicides and film
Prescription barriers:
diaphragm, cervical cap, Femcap
Hormonal ContraceptivesProper Use is critical for
reliability/effectiveness against pregnancyDoes not protect
against STIsHealth Risks/Side effects associated with use
Oral contraceptives – “the pill”Monophasic pill, progestin-only
pill, extended use pillThe Patch (Ortho Evra); Vaginal Ring;
33. Implants; Injectable, Intrauterine (IUD)Emergency
Contraception
Other Forms of Birth ControlSterilization
Male: vasectomy
Female: tubal ligation, tubal occlusion
AbortionMedical abortion – “abortion pill”Surgical
abortionPsychological issuesPolitics
PregnancyPreconception, as well as prenatal care, are very
important in both the health of the woman and
babyComplications of PregnancyEctopic
pregnancyMiscarriageInfectionsGenetic DisorderPremature
Labor
ChildbirthPreparing for ChildbirthLabor & Delivery3 phases of
laborEffacement and dilationMovement of baby into and
through birth canal“Afterbirth” – expulsion of placenta
Caesarean Birth