The document provides an overview of disaster management for floods in India. It defines a disaster and flood, and classifies different types of natural and man-made disasters. It describes the four phases of disaster management: preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. It outlines the public health impacts of floods and strategies for flood management in India, including both structural measures like embankments and non-structural measures like forecasting. It also discusses the development of disaster management in India over time and the roles of various agencies and civil engineers in flood management.

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN -
FLOOD

2. Introduction
Definition
Classification & Types of Disasters
Disaster Management
Disaster Preparedness
Medical and Public Health Response
Public Health Impact of Disaster
Disaster Mitigation
Disaster Management in India and role
of Civil Engineers.
Conclusion,References
INTRODUCTION
 Disaster word is
originated from
Greek
 dus=bad & aster= star
 Calamity due to
position of a planet or
a star.
 Then evolved in
Italian as disastro,
 To become French
désastre (de.zastʁ).
& then disaster.

3. WHAT IS DISASTER ???
It is a catastrophic situation in which the
normal pattern of life or eco-system has been
disrupted and extra-ordinary emergency
interventions are required to save and preserve lives
and or the environment.
According to the United Nations,disaster is-
“The Occurrence Of Sudden Or Major Misfortune
Which Disrupts The Basic Fabric And Normal
Functioning Of The Society Or Community”
Flood: It is an overflow of a large amount
of water beyond its normal limits.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
DISASTERS
NATURAL
DISASTERS
METEOROLOGICAL
TOPOGRAPHICAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
MAN-MADE
DISASTERS
TECHNOLOGICAL
INDUSTRIAL
WARFARE
 Meteorological Disasters: Floods,Tsunami,Cyclone etc.
 Topographical Disasters: Earthquake,Volcanic Eruptions,Landslides etc.
 Environmental Disasters: Global warming ,Ozone depletion,Solar flare etc.
 Technological: Transport failure,Public place failure,Fire
 Industrial: Chemical spills,Radioactive spills
 Warfare: War,Terrorism,Internal conflicts,Civil unrest etc.

5. FLOOD MANAGEMENT&WHY IT IS NECESSARY ?
Flood: An overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal
limits, especially over what is normally dry land
 India is highly vulnerable to floods.
 Out of the total geographical area of 329 million hectares (mha),
more than 40 mha(i.e-12%) is flood prone.
 The average annual flood damage in the last 10 years period from
1996 to 2005 was Rs. 4745 crore as compared to Rs. 1805 crore, the
corresponding average for the previous 53 years.
 An average every year, 75 lakh hectares of land is affected, 1600
lives are lost and the damage caused to crops, houses and public
utilities is Rs.1805 crores due to floods. The maximum number of
lives (11,316) was lost in the year 1977.
 The frequency of major floods is more than once in five years.
TO OVERCOME THESE PROBLEMS FLOOD MANAGEMENT IS
NECESSARY.

6. 6
Integrated
Disaster
Management
Prepared
-ness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
Activities prior to
a disaster.
• Preparedness plans
• Emergency exercises
• Training,
• Warning systems
Activities during
disaster.
• Public warning
systems
• Emergency
operations
• Search & rescue
Activities
following a
disaster.
• Temporary housing
• Claims processing
• Medical care
Activities that reduce
effects of disasters
• Building codes &
zoning
• Vulnerability
analyses
• Public education

7. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The body of policy and administrative decisions and operational
activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels.
“An applied science which seeks, by systematic observation
and analysis of disasters, to improve measures relating to
prevention, emergency response, recovery and mitigation”.
A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing,
coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or
expedient for-
● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
● Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences.
● Capacity-building.
● Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
● Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.
● Evacuation, rescue and relief.
● Rehabilitation and reconstruction.

8. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Disaster preparedness -is ongoing multisectoral activity.
Integral part of the national system responsible for developing
plans and programmes for-
disaster management,prevention,mitigation,response,
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Co-ordination of a variety of sectors to carry out-
 Evaluation of the risk.
 Adopt standards and regulations.
 Organize communication and response mechanism.
 Ensure all resources- ready and easily mobilized.
 Develop public education programmes.
 Coordinate information with news media.
 Disaster simulation exercises.

9. 9
Disaster Response
Immediate reaction to disaster as the disaster is anticipated, or
soon after it begins in order to assess the needs, reduce the
suffering, limit the spread and consequences of the disaster,
open up the way to rehabilitation.
What to do before a flood
If a flood is likely to hit your area, you should:
If you must prepare to evacuate, you should:
By-
Mass evacuation
Search and rescue
Emergency medical services
Securing food and water
Maintenance of Law & Order

10. PRE EXISTING DISEASES IN THE POPULATION :
dysentery, cholera, measles,tuberculosis,malaria,intestinal parasites,
scabies, skin infections.
ECOLOGICAL CHANGES :
 Altered ecology- vector borne and water borne diseases
 Living conditions - plague, louse borne typhus and relapsing fever.
 Stray animals and wild animal displacement-rabies.
DAMAGE TO PUBLIC UTILITIES :
Water supplies & sewage disposal disrupted.
POPULATION MOVEMENTS :
 Introduction of new disease or vector.
 In settlements - diarrheal diseases,measles,viral,hepatitis, whooping
cough, malaria etc.
INTERRUPTION IN PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES :
 Disruption of curative and preventive services.
 Interrupted vector control - malaria, dengue
 Interrupted immunization - measles, whooping cough, and diphtheria.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AFTER FLOOD

11.  REPATRIATION - after the emergency is over, displaced people return
to their place of origin.
 REHABILITATION –Providing temporary shelters,
 Stress debriefing for responders and victims,
 Economic Rehabilitation,
 Psycho-social Rehabilitation,
 Scientific Damage Assessment,
 ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY
 Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines).
 Economy recovery ( financial, political ).
 Environment recovery.
REBUILDING HOMES.
 Permanently repairing and rebuilding infrastructures Elements -
Owner Driven Reconstruction.
 Speedy Reconstruction.
 Linking Reconstruction with Safe Development.
DISASTER RECOVERY
RECONSTRUCTION

12. “Permanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to limit
impact on human suffering and economic assets.”
 Primary Mitigation-reducing hazard & vulnerability.
 Secondary mitigation-reducing effects of hazard.
 Components:
 Reducing hazard - protection against threat by
removing the cause of threat.
 Reducing vulnerability - reducing the effect of threat
Natural hazards are inevitable, but reduce vulnerability.
 Hazard Identification ,Mapping And Assessment –
Estimating probability of a damaging phenomenon of given
magnitude in a given area.
Considerations:-1)History 2)Probability of various intensities
3)Maximum threat 4)Possible secondary hazards
DISASTER MITIGATION
COMPONENTS OF DISASTER MITIGATION

13.  Vulnerability Analysis –
 A process which results in an understanding of the types and levels of
exposure of persons, property, and the environment to the effects of
identified hazards at a particular time.
 Risk Analysis –
 Determining nature and scale of losses which can be anticipated in a
particular area. Involves analysis of-
 Probability of a hazard of a particular magnitude.
 Elements susceptible to potential loss/damage.
 Nature of vulnerability.
 Specified future time period.
 Prevention –
 Activities taken to prevent a natural phenomenon or potential hazard
from having harmful effects on either people or economic assets.
COMPONENTS OF DISASTER MITIGATION

14.  1. High Powered Committee set up in August 1999.
 2. Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry.
 3. Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June
2002.
 4. National Disaster Management Authority established
28th September 2005.
 5. Inclusion of Disaster Management in the Seventh
Schedule of the Constitution.
 6. On 23 December, 2005, Disaster Management Act.
Developments In Disaster Management In India

15. (a) Engineering / Structural Measures
Reservoirs: Reservoirs can moderate the intensity and
timing of the incoming flood
Embankments:Embankments (including ring bunds and
town protection works) confine the flood flows and prevent
spilling, thereby reducing the damage
Channel improvement: to enable the river to carry its
discharges at lower levels or within its banks
Watershed Management: The watershed management
measures include developing and conserving the
vegetative and soil covers and also to undertake structural
works like checkdams, detention basins, diversion
channels, etc.
Present Status Of Flood Management Activities
In India And Role Of Civil Engineers

16. Structural Measures
Drainage Improvement: If the capacities of existing sluices
in embankments and drainage channels are inadequate,
this should be improved by increasing the vents and
improving outfall conditions.
Diversion of Flood Waters: Diversion of flood waters
takes a part of the flood discharge to another basin or to the
same basin downstream of the problem area or to a
depression where it could be stored for subsequent release
(b) Non-Structural Measures:Flood Forecasting,
Flood Proofing etc.
(c) Catchment Area Treatment

17. Disaster Management Training
NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management) provides Web based training
courses.
www.onlinenidm.gov.in
Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework 6 weeks course ;
Fee 1500/-
Self E-learning courses- www.nidmssp.in
Helplines
Dial Toll Free No. 1070 toll free
Contact
NDMA Control Room -26701728,730; Fax-26701729
9868891801,9868101885
controlroom@ndma.gov.in;
ndmacontrolroom@gmail.com
Website
Republic of India-http:// ndma.gov.in
Referance:“Disaster management in India” by Anand Patwardhan (IIT-Bombay).
http://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm
http://www.ndmindia.nic.in

18. THANK YOU
BASAVARAJ PACHAPUR BHAKTI NAVALE
PRESENTED BY
WALCHAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY