The document outlines structural and non-structural safety issues in schools, emphasizing mitigation measures to reduce risks from hazards like earthquakes. It details components of structural and non-structural risk management, including the importance of securing furniture and building elements to enhance safety and evacuation in case of disasters. It also highlights the need for raising awareness among students and communities to foster a culture of safety and preparedness.

1. Structural & Non Structural Safety Issues
in School
Pravin Parghi

2. Your understanding about Structural
& Non structural Safety.

3. Your experience of participating in
any such assessment, if any.

4. Key Terminology
Mitigation
The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters
Source:- http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology

5. Key Terminology
Structural Mitigation:
• Any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts
of hazards, or application of engineering techniques to
achieve hazard-resistance and resilience in structures or
systems
• The “structural elements” of a building carry the weight of the
building itself, the people and the things inside, and the forces
of nature. These “load-bearing” elements include the frame
(columns, beams) and in masonry or construction also the
“shear-wall”.
Source:- http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology
ToT Manual-NSSP-GSDMA

6. Components of Structural Mitigation
• Resistant construction
• Building codes and regulatory measures
• Relocation
• Structural modification
• Physical modification
• Lintel Beam
• Column
• Masonry Wall
• Plinth Beam/Bend
• Foundation
• Corrosion

7. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

8. Structural Mitigation Measures
• Geographical Area of Building Construction
– Coastal Area
– Desert area
– River bank area
– Flood prone area
– Rural & Urban
– Near by Industrial area or Hazardous industries
• Earth Quake Zoning of Building Construction
• Types of Structure ( Frame, Load bearing OR Wooden)
• Soil Pattern (Rocky OR Sandy)
• Roofing pattern, (RCC, mud tiles, Cement or steel sheet)
• Age of the Building
• Retrofitting of the building
• If Building is multistory (Fire safety Installed or Not)
• Building Insurance

9. COMPULSORY EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE
http://www.guvenliyasam.org/books/Structural-risk-mitigation-against-earthquake.pdf

10. Key Terminology
Non Structural Mitigation:
• Any measure not involving physical construction that uses
knowledge, practice or agreement to reduce risks and impacts, in
particular through policies and laws, public awareness raising,
training and education.
• The “non-structural elements” of a building do not carry the
weight of the building, and include windows, doors, stairs,
partition walls, pipes and ducts. They include “building contents”
that users bring with them such as furniture, appliances, coolers,
water tanks, etc. In other words non-structural elements are
those which are either attached to building or kept in building.
Source:- http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology
ToT Manual-NSSP-GSDMA

11. Components of Non Structural Mitigation
Within the school building:
• Furniture and Fixture
• School Equipment (Electrical, Electronics, Gaming)
• Utensils
• Electricals wirings (Open, Putti & Pipe fitting)
• Show case & Frames & Notice Boards
• Study Materials (Books/Charts, Demonstration/Toys)
• Storage cabinet (In the Wall, Out side of the wall)
 Laboratory Material (Spirit, Microscope, Beaker/Test
Tube etc.)
 Display Cupboard/ Almari
 Ensure mass evacuation dimensions of halls or
stairways
 Smoke in the hallway

12. Components of Non Structural Mitigation
Within the school building:
 Doors and windows opening inward
 Glass panes
 Tall bookcases or cabinets not properly secured to the
wall
 Areas where flammable liquids are stored – science
labs
 Fire extinguishers
 Other movable, falling and blocking hazards

13. Components of Non Structural Mitigation
Hazard outside the school building:
• Power lines
• Trees
• Parapets, roof tiles, chimneys, glass etc.
• Routes past concrete walls
• Rivers, sea cost, main roads, market place, inflammable goods
storehouse, a bus stand, railway tracks etc
• Open well
• Fencing
• Ramp, grab bars, etc.

14. RISK IDENTIFICATION OF NSM
• Earthquakes are a risk that we accept by living in an earthquake region. We
face many other risks in our lives as well and we take precautions to reduce
our losses from them. NSM is reasonable precaution against earthquake
risks from the non-structural elements of buildings. To decide what NSM is
necessary, you need to identify what risks exist in your home, school,
workplace and the public places that you frequent stay in. This risk varies
from situation to situation. It is important to evaluate each situation
individually.
• SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH
• DAMAGE TO BELONGINGS
• Furniture & Equipment's
• Hazards In School

20. Electrical wiring & Fitting

21. Evacuation
Route block

22. • Display
Cupboard/
Almari

23. • Unanchored
furniture

24. • Heavy storage
items on shelves

25. • Unanchored
sound
equipment

26. Impact of the School NSRM
• Create awareness of Non Structural Mitigation
• Reduced Loss of Life
• Protect school equipment's and educational materials
• Reducing the potential for injuries and fatalities
• Reduced fear and increase attendance ratio of the students.
• Increase the community’s ability to keep the school open in case of disaster.
• Helping to maintain safe and clear exit ways for evacuation and to access the
building
• Reducing the potential for chemical spills, fires and gas leaks
• Save manpower & utilized for education development & Improvement
• Built the response capacity of the school.
• Children learn from school and Implement at home
• Parents aware about NSRM by children .
• Create safe environment at school & Home
• Safe School Safe Children

27. Mitigation Measures-NSRM
• Relocate furnishing and contents
• Secure non-structural building elements and furnishing
• Actions for offsite non-structural hazard
• Ask for consultation engineers and maintenance personnel
together for solution
• Behavioral changes among users: it is very vital and
indispensable that users develop the culture of safety. Like use
of dustbin to avoid water blocking/logging or discipline when
moving in a mass.

28. Mitigation Measures
• Identify which mitigation activities will reduce the risks of
damage and injury the most.
• Determine which activities can be accomplished at little or no
cost (i.e., securing bookcases to walls, closed hooks for
pictures and mirrors)
• Look up
• Look Around
• Look Down
Video

29. How to do Nonstructural
Mitigation
Video

30. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

31. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

32. ¡
Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

33. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

34. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

35. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

36. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

37. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

38. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

39. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

40. Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

41. Sr.
No.
Potential Hazard
Check if item
is present
Does item need to be
moved Anchored? Total
Items
Architectural/Outside Move Anchor
1 Stone Wall Cladding - - -
2 Spilling of Cracked Cement Plaster - - -
3 Broken Sun Shade - - -
3.1
3.2
Furniture & Equipment
4 Bookshelves
5 Storage Cabinet
6 Display cupboards/ Almari
7 Filling Cabinets
8 Laboratory Equipment
9 Computer Equipment
10 Black/Green Boards
Non- structural risk assessment Check List

42. Practical Exercise
&
Group Presentation

44. Thank You