The document discusses floods in India, including definitions, causes, impacts, management strategies, and case studies. It provides an overview of flood types, forecasting methods, zoning, and benefits. Major factors that cause floods are described. Impacts include loss of life, property damage, health issues, and economic disruption. Management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Case studies of specific flood events in India are also presented.
Over the years, India has witnessed worst floods causing numerous loss of lives and to property.
Here are some causes and its geomorphic effects.
And some measures of flood control.
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means âharbourâ and nami means âwaveâ.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
Primarily all floods are due to the surface runoff. Actually the floods are the results of a favourable combination of precipitation and the characteristics of the water shed.
Presentation contains Detailed Introduction, types, classification, features, prevention & precaution, causes, effects, indications and Two case studies of Indian context.
Over the years, India has witnessed worst floods causing numerous loss of lives and to property.
Here are some causes and its geomorphic effects.
And some measures of flood control.
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means âharbourâ and nami means âwaveâ.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
Primarily all floods are due to the surface runoff. Actually the floods are the results of a favourable combination of precipitation and the characteristics of the water shed.
Presentation contains Detailed Introduction, types, classification, features, prevention & precaution, causes, effects, indications and Two case studies of Indian context.
A Presentation on " Emergency Management, Preparedness and Response " Present...CDRN
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A Presentation on " Emergency Management, Preparedness and Response " Presented by Mr Gagan, Officer on Special Duty - Department of Disaster Management Government of Bihar at Workshop on Preparedness & Response for Emergencies and Times of Natural Disaster, Patna, Bihar - India, Organised By :-Corporate Disaster Resource Network, For Report please go to :-http://www.cdrn.org.in"
Case study of Uttarakhand Flood Disaster 2013 - by Narendra YadavNarendra Yadav
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this is the presentation about the flood that occured in uttrakhand in 2013
this is the case study for uttrakhand disaster
It you liked the ppt please just post the comment below
Guyz we have worked very hard for this ppt .... it deserve at least 1 COMMENT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H79x9wztngM
https://www.tvlyrics.in
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
The flood is described with its every aspect.The mitigation measures also provides structural and non structural type.Impact of flooding is also described.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
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Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
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As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an âinfrastructure container kubernetes guyâ, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefitâs both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
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In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder â active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
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đĽ Speed, accuracy, and scaling â discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Miningâ˘:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing â with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs â GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
đ¨âđŤ Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
đŠâđŤ Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
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In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
⢠The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
⢠Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
⢠Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
⢠Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
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Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clientsâ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
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The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties â USA
Expansion of bot farms â how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks â Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
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A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
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Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projectsâ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, youâre in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part âEssentials of Automationâ series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Hereâs what youâll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
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Weâll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Donât miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3
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Floods
1. Floods
Disaster profile & Disaster management procedure in India
Submitted by:
K.Amruta
Karunakar
Lavanya
Mani shankar
Supraja
Shameer
VI th sem ,JNA&FAU
PLANNING & MANAGEMENT FOR DISASTERS
2. Over view
⢠Definitions for disaster and floods
⢠Objectives
⢠Types of floods
⢠Causes of floods
⢠Floods impacts
⢠Methodology
⢠Flood forecasting
⢠Flood management
⢠Flood zoning
⢠Case study(Vijayawada)
6/11/2013 Floods- Disaster Managment 2
3. Disaster
⢠Disaster is a natural or human , caused
phenomenon, which causes serious
disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society causing
widespread human, material, economic
and environmental losses which elicited
the ability of the affected community,
society to cope using its resources.
⢠Floods are a common feature in the
country that occur every year in many
parts including South India.
6/11/2013 3Floods- Disaster Managment
4. FLOODS ARE NATURAL PHENOMENA.
FLOODS ARE WATER RELATED DISASTER
FLOODS
6/11/2013 4Floods- Disaster Managment
5. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
⢠To identify the causes of floods
⢠To describe the overall impact of flooding
⢠To formulate a strategy for the flood affected
areas in Vijayawada, with reference to
â MITIGATION,
â PREPAREDNESS,
â RESPONSE,
â RECOVERY.
6/11/2013 Floods- Disaster Managment 5
6. INTRODUCTION
A flood occurs when the Geomorphic
Equilibrium in the river system is disturbed
because of intrinsic or extrinsic factors or
when a system crosses the geomorphic
threshold.
(a) Flooding in a river due to aggradation of
river bed (intrinsic threshold);
(b) Flooding in a river due to heavy rainfall
(extrinsic threshold)
Floods in major cities especially
during rainy season are proving to
disastrous not only to the
environment but also have serious
implications for human life and
property.
6/11/2013 6Floods- Disaster Managment
Source: FLOOD DISASTERS AND
MANAGEMENT
7. TYPES OF FLOODS
⢠Types of floods
â˘Flash floods
â˘River floods
â˘Coastal Floods
â˘Urban Flood
⢠According to their duration flood can be divided into different categories:
â˘Slow-Onset Floods: Slow Onset Floods usually last for a relatively longer period, it may last for
one or more peeks, or even months.
â˘Rapid-Onset Floods: Rapid1Onset Floods last for a relatively shorter period, they usually last for
one or two days only.
â˘Flash Floods: Flash Floods may occur within minutes or a fe1w hours after heavy
rainfall, tropical storm, failure of dams or levees or releases of ice dams. And it causes the
greatest damages to society.
8. The soil becomes
saturated and
overland flow and
through flow reach
the river and
discharge increases.
Overland flow arrives
first.
The time from peak rainfall to peak
discharge is the LAG TIME.
The discharge starts to
fall slowly as water is
added from through
flow and groundwater
flows which are much
slower.
The base flow supplies
the river with water
between storms and
keeps it flowing in
summer.Rainfall is intercepted
or infiltrated into the
soil moisture store
Start of the storm there is a
slow rise in discharge, as only a
small amount of water falls
into the channel
9. ContdâŚ.
Floods
Natural
Storm Surge,
Tsunami, Glacial Melt,
Landslide, Riverine,
Estuarine & Marine Flood
Eg: bursting of landslide
blockades in the catchment
areaof the Bhagirathi River in
August 1978 (Gupta and Dave,
1982).
Man made
Breach of
Dam/ Barrage/
Embankment
Release from Reservoir,
Urban Flood
Eg: In the year 2009,Almatti
and Naryanpur dams on the
Krishna River in Karnataka.
This water along with rain
water reached Andhra Pradesh
near the Srisailam dam. It
causes a hevy floods in
andhrapradesh
6/11/2013 9Floods- Disaster Managment
11. FACTORS
VEGETATION COVER
This varies seasonally. The type and
amount will affect interception and
stemflow/throughfall. Overland flow is
reduced. Lag time will be increased.
ROCK TYPE
Impermeable rocks prevent groundwater
flow and encourage through flow and
overland flow. These rocks will decrease
lag time. Permeable rock will have the
opposite effect.
LAKES & RESERVOIRS
These will store floodwater and
thus reduce lag time and control
river response to heavy rainfall.
SOIL TYPE & DEPTH
Deep soils store more
water, pipes in the soil
encourage through flow.
Soils with small pore
spaces will reduce
infiltration and increase
overland flow.
LAND USE
Impermeable surfaces
created by urbanisation will
reduce infiltration and
encourage overland flow.
Different types of crops
affect interception rates e.g.
cereals 7-15%.
RAINFALL INTENSITY & DURATION
Intense rain will increase overland
flow and reduce lag times. Gentle
rain over a longer time will allow
more infiltration.
SLOPES
Steep slopes will encourage
overland flow and gentle
slope will slow run off down.
CLIMATE
The distribution of rainfall over the
year and the temperatures will
affect the lag times.
12. FLOODS IMPACTS
⢠Human Loss
⢠Property Loss
⢠Affects the Major Roads
⢠Disruption of Air / Train / Bus services
⢠Spread of Water-borne Communicable Diseases
⢠Communication Breakdown
⢠Electricity Supply Cut off
⢠Economic and Social Disruption
⢠Increase in Air / Water Pollution
6/11/2013 Floods- Disaster Managment 12
13. Flood forecasting
⢠Anticipating floods before they occur allows for precautions to be taken and
people to be warned so that they can be prepared in advance for flooding
conditions.
⢠For example,
â Farmers can remove animals from low-lying areas and utility services can put in place
emergency provisions to re-route services if needed. Emergency services can also make
provisions to have enough resources available ahead of time to respond to emergencies as
they occur.
⢠In order to make the most accurate flood forecasts for waterways, it is best to
have a long time-series of historical data that relates stream flows to
measured past rainfall events
⢠Radar estimates of rainfall and general weather forecasting techniques are
also important components of good flood forecasting.
14. Flood Control
⢠In many countries around the world, waterways prone to floods are often carefully
managed. Defences such as levees, bunds, reservoirs, and weirs are used to prevent
waterways from overflowing their banks.
⢠In the riparian zone near rivers and streams, erosion control measures can be taken
to try and slow down or reverse the natural forces that cause many waterways
to meander over long periods of time.
⢠Flood controls, such as dams, can be built and maintained over time to try and
reduce the occurrence and severity of floods as well.
15. Flood benefits
⢠Floods (in particular more frequent or smaller floods) can also bring many
benefits, such as
â Recharging ground water,
â Making soil more fertile and increasing nutrients in some soils.
⢠Flood waters provide much needed water resources in arid and semi-arid regions
where precipitation can be very unevenly distributed throughout the year.
⢠Freshwater floods particularly play an important role in maintaining ecosystems in
river corridors and are a key factor in maintaining floodplain biodiversity.
⢠Flooding can spread nutrients to lakes and rivers, which can lead to
increased biomass and improved fisheries for a few years.
⢠For some fish species, an inundated floodplain may form a highly suitable location
for spawning with few predators and enhanced levels of nutrients or food.
⢠Fish, such as the weather fish, make use of floods in order to reach new habitats.
Bird populations may also profit from the boost in food production caused by
flooding.
16. 6/11/2013 16Floods- Disaster Managment
National
perspective:
⢠Urban regions with more than 5 million population
⢠Mumbai, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir and Bihar.
⢠Brief review of floods with the help of secondary sources of data
Regional
Perspective
⢠Urban Regions with more than 3 million population.
⢠Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada(case study area) urban region.
⢠Brief review of floods with the help of secondary sources of data.
Local
Perspective
⢠Hyderabad(Musi river)
⢠.Brief review of floods with the help of secondary sources of data
METHODOLOGY:
17. Floods in India
ďą Floods cause damage to houses, industries, public utilities and property
resulting in huge economic losses, apart from loss of lives.
ď¨ Though it is not possible to control the flood disaster totally, by adopting
suitable structural and non-structural measures the flood damages can be
minimised.
Parameters Area liable to Floods
(million Ha.)
Total Damage Rs.13,400 million
Area Affected 8.11 million hectare
Crop Area Affected 3.57 million hectare
Human Lives Lost 1579 Nos.
Cattle Lost 95,000 Nos.
NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
24. Total flood damage state wise and for
the union territory of Delhi
ď¨ The macro-flood zones of
India may be broadly grouped
into the following zones:
ď¨ (a) Brahmaputra River Basin,
ď¨ (b) Ganga River Basin,
ď¨ (c) North-West Rivers Basin,
and
ď¨ (d) Central India and Deccan
Rivers Basin.
25. 2012 Brahmaputra floods
This was another sorrow caused to Assam in recent years.
In July 2012, Brahmaputra and its tributaries showed its
wrath and since it was natural but it grabs a spot at number
2 and eye-catching event because the main area which was
affected included Kaziranga National Park, a park which is
the natural habitat of Rhinos. It cause a death of 540
animals including 13 Rhinos. The main reasons behind this
calamity is the deforestation in the area of passing by of
Brahmaputra.
6/11/2013
Floods- Disaster Managment
25
26. 2010 Ladakh Floods.
It was 6th August 2010, when the series of
natural disasters started to take place in
Ladakh, a regional part of J&K (Jammu and
Kashmir). It was accompanied with
cloudburst, debris flows and Flash floods from
Himalayan. Causality was less than 300 but
a great loss of property was reported. Areas
of Leh were also affected and it caused a loss
of total Rs. 133 crores INR.
6/11/2013 Floods- Disaster Managment 26
27. 2005 : Maharashtra flood
This was the major and the most devastating
disaster occurred in Maharashtra, mainly
engulfing areas of
Mumbai, Chiplun, Khed, Kalyan, Ratnagiri
and Raigad. The main problem arose with the
people on the road and which caused a traffic
jam and with it came the loss of people. A
total of 5000 people were reported for the
death toll. The date 26 July 2005 has been
marked as one the BLACK DAY in the history
of Mumbai.
6/11/2013 Floods- Disaster Managment 27
28. 2004 Bihar Flood
Being considered as a flood prone area, Bihar is again in
the list because of 2004 flood which it suffered. It was
stated that a total of 883 people lost their lives and more
than 3000 animals were killed. One of the most
horrifying disaster caused almost a loss of Rs.
1,03,049.60 Lakh. Rivers, primarily, Gandak, Kosi,
Mahananda, Bagmati, Budhi had already crossed the red
mark while on the other hand Ganga first time in its
history crossed the red mark in Farrakka Barrage.
6/11/2013 Floods- Disaster Managment 28
29. STATE PERSPECTIVE
⢠Latest reports said 150
villages in Srikakulam,
Visakhapatnam, Krishna,
Guntur and the east and west
Godavari districts were
submerged. Around 67,000
people had been evacuated.
Crops spread over 2.5 lakh
hectares of farmland were
under water and schools
remained shut.(2012)
6/11/2013 29Floods- Disaster Managment
32. Local Perspective of Floods
23RD AND 24TH AUGUST, 2000
⢠24cm rainfall for 24 hours
⢠77 slums washed away
⢠35,000 affected
⢠142 people killed
⢠90 residential areas under water (10 â 15 feet)
⢠More than 100 colonies submerged in water
28th September, 1908
⢠15,000 people killed
⢠19,000 houses demolished
⢠80,000 dwellings demolished
⢠Average flood water level 15 â 20 feet
⢠Construction of Osman Sagar (1914), Himayat Sagar (1927).
6/11/2013 32Floods- Disaster Managment
33. Approaches & measure for long , short
term protection from floods in India
⢠Attempts to modify the floods: involves flood protection by physical
measures such as
⢠Construction of embankments
⢠Construction of detention reservoirs
⢠Channel improvements etc.
⢠Attempts to modify the susceptibility to flood damage: involves action
designed to reduce the vulnerability of property and other developmental
activities in the flood plains to the flood hazard
⢠Attempts to modify the loss burden: Consists of actions to modify the
incidence of losses, by spreading them over a large segment of
community.
⢠Bearing the loss: Bearing the loss means living with floods
35. ⢠FLOODS CAN NOT BE ABSOLUTELY
CONTROLLED
⢠FLOODS CAN ONLY BE MANAGED TO
REDUCE FLOOD LOSSES
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
APPROACH
36. ď INDISCRIMINATE ENCROACHMENT
ď INCREASING ECONOMIC AND
DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN FLOOD
PLAINS
ď LACK OF REGULATIONS
ď INADEQUATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
ď INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE
ď LACK OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
INCREASED VULNERABILITY
CAUSES
37. ⢠MODIFY THE FLOODS
⢠MODIFY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
FLOOD DAMAGE
⢠MODIFY THE LOSS BURDEN
⢠BEAR THE LOSS
FLOOD MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
38. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
WATER SUPPLY
FACTORY
POWER HOUSE
UNIVERSITYRESIDENTIAL AREA
GOVT. OFFICE
HOSPITAL
NORMAL CHANNEL
PARK
FREQUENT FLOOD
FLOOD ONCE IN 25 YEARS
FLOOD ONCE IN 100 YEARS
III IIII III I
I
40. FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING
ďŽ DATA COLLECTION
ďŽ DATA TRANSMISSION
ďŽ DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION
ďŽ DISSEMINATION OF FORECAST
STEPS
45. FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING
PRESENT SYSTEM - SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
WEATHER FORECASTS
RIVER STAGE &
DISCHARGE AT
BASE STATION
RIVER STAGE &
DISCHARGE AT
FORECASTING STATIONS RAINFALL
F.M. O. OF I.M.DFLOOD FORECASTING
CENTRES & CONTROL ROOMS
FORMULATION OF
FORECAST
C.E., S.E.
STATE GOVT.
CONTROL ROOM
PRESS RADIO
P & T
POLICE FLOOD COMMITTEE
CIVIL AUTHORITIES
ENGG. AUTHORITIES
DEFENCE
RAILWAYS
INDUSTRIES
F.M.O OF I.M.D
REGIONAL OFFICES
OF I.M.D.
REGIONAL OFFICES
OF I.M.D.
DOORDARSHAN
CWC HQ MINISTRY OF WR
46. FLOOD MANAGEMENT
⢠Use of Remote Sensing and GIS
⢠Research and Development
⢠Weather / Rainfall Forecasting
⢠FF Modelling
⢠Capacity Building
⢠International Cooperation
50. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
⢠AN IMPORTANT NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURE.
⢠REGULATES LAND USE IN FLOOD PLAINS TO RESTRICT
DAMAGE BY FLOODS.
⢠INVOLVES DEMARCATION OF ZONES IN FLOOD PLAINS
COMPATIBLE WITH FLOOD RISKS INVOLVED.
CONCEPT
51. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
PRIORITY - I
ACTIVITY LIMITED TO WATER LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO
100 YEARS FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE
CONGESTION FOR 50 YEARS RAINFALL.
ZONE REGULATION
52. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
PRIORITY - II
ACTIVITY LIMITED TO LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO
25 YEARS FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE CONGESTION
FOR 10 YEARS RAINFALL FREQUENCY.
ZONE REGULATION
53. FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
PRIORITY - III
LESS ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN AREAS
VULNERABLE TO FREQUENT FLOODS.
ZONE REGULATION
54. FLOOD MANAGEMENT
FUTURE STRATEGIES
⢠Focused Approach
⢠Basin Wise Action Plan
⢠Flood Plain Zoning
⢠Role of Central Government
⢠Funding of Planned Flood Management Works
⢠Adequacy of Flood Cushion in Reservoirs
55. National Disaster Management Guidelines
⢠To minimise vulnerability to floods and consequent loss of lives, livelihood systems, property
and damage to infrastructure and public utilities
⢠Flood damage assessment be made on a realistic and scientific basis and recorded basin-
/sub-basin-wise.
⢠Performance evaluation of a large number of FM schemes be carried out and their impact
on the socio economic development of the protected area be assessed.
⢠The use of flood plains be regulated and a suitable legislation for flood plain zoning be
enacted and enforced.
⢠Water Resources planning and construction be basin wise and basin organisations be set up.
⢠Storages in various forms is an important component of the package of measures for FM
and flood space in reservoirs be provided to the extent feasible and flood control not
relegated to a non- priority activity as against competing water requirements for
hydropower and Irrigation purposes.
⢠International dimensions of problem of floods be kept in mind and the GOI should play an
important role in the matter.
⢠Requisite funds be made available for construction of new and maintenance of existing
works.
⢠Emphasis be laid on research, education and training on FM.
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59. Location
⢠The city is situated at the foot of a low range
hills on the northern bank of the river
Krishna with its cardinal points as 16° 31â
North latitude and 80° 37â East
longitude, around 70 km away from the coast.
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60. Topographic Details
⢠The land lay of Vijayawada is characterized by four canals,
four hills and the holy river Krishna. Vijayawada when
approached from Guntur is welcomed by the historic gates
across the holy river Krishna. The way to Machilipatnam
runs parallel to Budamerru canal and crosses two other
Canals
There are four major hills:
a) Indrakiladri hill
b) Machavaram
c) Gunadaa Hill
d) Moghalrajapuram hill
e) Gollapalem Gattu Hill
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61. Krishna River
⢠The River Krishna takes of its origin in the western Ghats at an elevation
of (+) 1336 Mts and runs for a length of about 1400 Km and runs
through Vijayawada city and joins at Bay of Bengal The length of Krishna
River up to Prakasam Barrage is about 1310 km and the length from
Prakasam Barrage to Puligadda Aqueduct is 64.00 kms.
⢠The flow of the river is managed partially by the Nagarjuna Sagar dam
which is located to the west of Krishna District and Prakasam Barrage
which is located at the beginning of the city.
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62. Krishna river flow details and distance of dam to dam
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The Krishna Flood bank Above Prakasam Barrage is about 13KM and
bellow flood bank is 6.40 Km which creates havoc in flood season which starts
from June to December. Water release from barrage with 4,12,734
to 10,94422 Cusecs is been observed over the years.
63. Details of Flood Banks In Krishna District
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64. Index plan of Krishna River Flood Banks
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68. Reasons for Krishna Flood
ď This region receives maximum rainfall both by southwest and retreating
monsoons.
ď The primary reason for the flooding is the unauthorized settlements along
the river which had taken place due to lack of planning and enforcement.
ď Vijayawada is located on the line which separates the delta-irrigated lands
ď Flood bank below barrage is about 6.40 Km which creates havoc in flood
season from June to December.
ď High Water release at time from barrage with 4,12,734 to 10,94422
Cusecs of water released in various years.
ď Developmental activities like sluice connectivity to into the river is causing
back water(3 sluices connected into river)
ď Bund cutting for public private developmental activities (ex: sluice, storm
water drains) approach roads for bigger vehicles.
ď Allotting the residential areas officially in flood zone. Ex: Police colony.
69. ContdâŚ
⢠trespassing the river bunds by people
⢠damage to the river bunds by rodents
⢠Breach occurrence and damages occurred to the
flood bank with slips and erosion.
⢠Negligence and helpless condition making people
to stay at the houses even after passing the
warnings
⢠With little authoritative power over the
settlements along the flood banks, the irrigation
department is unable to attend swiftly in
vulnerable areas.
74. MITIGATION
ďą Mitigation measures are very important phase of disaster management. They will
help to reduce the loss and increase the capacity of people in managing the
disasters.
The potential forecast outlook can be translated into early warning messages and
initiate preventive/preparedness actions.
⢠As per the building byelaws 1981, no permission to construct a building on site
shell be granted , if the site is with in 9 meters of the highest water mark of a
tank
⢠Further the authority may require the floor of the lowest styorey of such building
to be raised above the normal minimum flood level of the adjoining to ground or
to such other level as the authority may prescribe Shift or restrict the people living
in flood banks to safe place by providing all aminities
⢠Krishna Bund strengthening at Krishna lanka, ranadheevinagar, Bhupesh Gupta
nagar
⢠Krishna bund construction from police colony to yanamala kuduru
⢠Raising the free board of Krishna flood bunds from 1.5 metre to 2 meters.
⢠Shift the habitants of the flood zone of Budameru temporary or permanent to safe
shelters after announcing the warning
⢠Stop plowing / occupying the budameru bund from singh nagar to NSC Bose
nagar
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75. ContdâŚ
⢠Providing Road side rain water drains at banadar road
⢠Providing Road side rain water drains Ayyappanagar Road
⢠Providing Under ground drainage and sewer lines and
construction of sump cum [Pump house
⢠Construction of Flood banks for Krishna River and Budameru
Floods
⢠Renovation or construction of safe schools and providing safety
equipment at schools
⢠Provision of Food to lactating mothers and Infants and children
under 6 years reconstruction of rubbish or spoiled roads in many
points of the city to protect form water stagnation
⢠Identify the high milkproduction and other animal or bird
production areas, based on that preference should be given to
provide all measures to those cattle and birds safety and
multiplication
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76. Before the Disaster During the Disaster After the Disaster
⢠Learn warning signs and community alert
system
During a flood watch ⢠Don't return home until authorities
express itis safe to do so
⢠Stockpile emergency building materials
⢠Install check valves in sewer traps to
prevent flood waters from backing up in
sewer
drains
⢠Plan and practice an evacuation route
⢠Have disaster supplies on hand
⢠Develop an emergency communication
plan
in case of separation
⢠Ask an out-of-state relative to serve as the
"family contact"
⢠Teach family members how and when to
turn off the gas, electricity, and water and
teach children how and when to call 9-1-1
⢠Ask your insurance agent about flood
insurance
If indoors:
⢠Turn on battery operated radio to get
latest emergency information
⢠Get pre-assembled emergency
supplies
⢠If told to leave, do so immediately.
If outdoors:
⢠Climb to high ground and stay there
⢠Avoid walking through any
floodwaters.
⢠If in a car, turn around and go another
way; if your car stalls, abandon it
immediately and climb to higher
ground.
During an evacuation:
⢠If advised to evacuate, do so
immediately to avoid flooded roads,
being sure to follow recommended
evacuation routes and listen to radio for
evacuation instructions
⢠Help neighbors whom may need assistance
⢠Use extreme caution when entering
buildings
⢠Inspect foundations for cracks or other
damage and examine walls, floors, doors,
and
windows to make sure that the building is
not
in danger of collapsing
⢠Watch out for animals, especially
poisonous
snakes, that may have come into your home
with flood waters
⢠Watch for loose plaster and ceilings that
could fall
⢠Take pictures of damage for insurance
claims
⢠Look for fire hazards
⢠Throw away all food (including canned)
that
has come in contact with flood waters
⢠Pump out flooded basements gradually (~
1/3 amount of water per day) to avoid
structural damage
⢠Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools,
pits, and leaching systems ASAP â damaged
sewage systems are health hazards.
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77. PREPAREDNESS
⢠State of being ready to react promptly and effectively in an
event of emergency (systematic way approach). Being
prepared for severity vulnerability of the disaster .
Preparedness plan ( a holistic integrated approach)
ďź Specific Region , Area, Purpose
ďź Deploying Officers Incharge To Take Care With
Emergencies
ďź Strategy Development For Activities Likely To Be
Undertaken At A Local Situation( Resource Analysis To
Force)
ďź Identify Government Bodies Which Can Respond
ďź Establishment Of Emergency Operating Centres
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78. Emergency Operating centre(EOC) /Control room :
⢠An emergency operations center, or EOC, is a central command and
control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency
preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management
functions at a strategic level in an emergency situation, and ensuring the
continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other
organization.
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79. Functions
⢠Dealing with incoming emergency calls and
prioritizing them taking the necessary
information from the caller
⢠Recording details of incidents on computer
systems
⢠Providing necessary advice and guidance
⢠Dispatching an emergency services team to deal
with the incident.
⢠Maintaining contact with the team at the scene
of the incident to keep up to date with the
situation and ensure staff safety.
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80. Warning Stages
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Flood âKrishna
1st-Warning - When flood level reaches
12ft. at Prakasam
2nd Warning - When flood level reaches
15 ft. at Prakasam
3rd Warning - When flood level reaches
17 ft. at Prakasam
81. RESPONSE
ďąOccurs immediately / during following disaster
ďąDesigned to provide emergency assistance to the
victims of the event and reduce the likelihood of
occurrence of secondary damage
5 STAGE PROCESS
1. Notification
2. Immediate public safety
3. Property security
4. Public welfare
5. Restoration
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83. RECOVERY
ďś Final phase of disaster management cycle
ďś It is the longest phase out of all until system return to
normalcy / nearly to normalcy
ďś 2 TYPES
long term
Complete redevelopment of damage
short term
Restoration of vital services like watersupply, social
infrastructure to minimum standards of operation and
safety
Mike announcement of flood discharge and awareness
of people to evacuate the people to be submerged houses.
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84. Water Supply
⢠Identify the effected areas substitute with good and quality of water.
⢠Keep the stock of Chlorine.
⢠Identify and keep ready the list of sources of water in unaffected areas.
⢠Check and Identification of low lying areas in the ward.
⢠Check the water samples for residual chlorine, microbial substitutes and treat
accordingly.
Duties of Medical Teams in Rehabilitation Centers
⢠List out the below 5 years age childrenâs and supply the milk and food (medicated).
⢠List out the pregnancy ladies and take sufficient medical treatment.
⢠List out the old / unhealthy people and take sufficient medical treatment.
⢠Arrangements for fogging to control the mosquitoes and flyâs.
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85. Shelter Management
⢠Departments women and Child welfare, Revenue, Civil supplies and Municipal Corporation
must play a major role in Shelter management.
⢠Adequate numbers of buildings or open space shall be identified where relief camps can be
set up during emergency and updated in the plan.
⢠The relief camps should provide with adequate provision of drinking water and bathing,
sanitation and essential health-care facilities.
⢠Adequate securing arrangements shall be made by local police.
⢠Adequate lighting arrangements shall be made in the camp area including at water points,
toilets and other common areas by the Municipal Engineering Department.
⢠Explore the possibility of provision of food through community kitchens, provision of
education through the restoration of schools and anganwadis in effected areas.
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86. Duties of Civil Supplies
⢠Necessary free distribution of food shall be made to those who ever need in
the shelter and effected areas.
⢠Wherever possible dry rations shall be provided for home cooking.
⢠Community Kitchen for mass feeding shall be organized only for an affected
people do not have the means to cooks.
⢠While providing food assistance, local food practices shall be kept in mind
and commodities being provided must be carefully chosen, in consultation
with the affected population.
⢠Food must be of good quality, safe to consume, and appropriate and
acceptable to recipients.
⢠Food distributed should be of appropriate quality and fit for human
consumption.
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87. Duties of Police Department
⢠City Police officer will make arrangements for providing adequate number of mobile
VHF sets up to sub-division/ward Police stations for meeting the exigencies.
⢠List out trained persons responsible at sub division and ward level Police stations for
disaster management activities with details of address and phone numbers. Provide
this list to Dist Collector and Municipal Commissioner and concerned line
departments.
⢠Adequate security arrangements shall be made by local police at the shelters and
vulnerable areas.
Duties of Irrigation Department
⢠Flood preparedness plan for the city is to be prepared.
⢠Update and inform about the floods at higher reaches.
⢠Check your stores keep ready Inventory and instruments.
⢠Keep ready the emergency material which ever required at the out falls at Krishna
lanka river bank.
⢠A report on activities and work status of Budameru drain should be submitted
immediately and an office of concerned work must be attended to the next meeting.
6/11/2013 Floods- Disaster Managment 87
88. In Conclusion
While we can never contract with the future or
accurately predict all of the consequences of
our actions and policies, policymakers must
extend their thinking about their impacts and
the impacts of private entities beyond the
local, the near term, the likely, and the recently
newsworthy.