This document discusses disaster management and provides details on various types of natural and man-made disasters. It covers the national and international scenarios of disasters, highlighting some major disasters that have occurred in India and worldwide. It also describes the importance of disaster management and outlines the phases and methodology of disaster management. The administrative structure and warning/forecasting systems for disaster management in India are summarized. Key challenges in disaster management and education are also mentioned.

1. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

2. INTRODUCTION
MASSIVE HUMAN LOSSES RENDER INTO
DRY STATISTICS
 FATALITIES SOAR SKY-HIGH
THEDYING CAN DIFFERENTIATE
THEMSELVES FROM DEAD
NATURAL CALAMITY.

3. NATURAL CALAMITY
IS AN ADVERSITY CAUSING
DEEP DISTRESS AMOUNTING
TO GRIEVOUS DISASTER AND
MASSIVE LOSS
CONSTITUTED BY NATURE.

4. “IN A MINUTE, THERE IS TIME,
THAT A MINUTE WILL NOT REVERSE”
‘NOBEL LAUREATE T S ELIOT’

5. DISASTER MANAGEMENT IS
INCREASINGLY BECOMING A
GLOBAL ISSUE
 CHILD LABOUR
 TERRORISM
 INTERNATIONAL PEACE
 HUMAN RIGHTS

6. BETWEEN 1988 AND 1997, DISASTERS
KILLED 5116 PEOPLE AND AFFECTED
24.97 MILLION.
IN 1998, 9846 PEOPLE DIED AND 34.11
MILLION PEOPLE WERE AFFECTED
 IN 2001-2002 30,000 (INCLUDING
GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE) PEOPLE WERE
DIED AND 41.82 MILLION PEOPLE WERE
AFFECTED BY ALL TYPES OF DISASTERS

7. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
IMPORTANCE,
METHODOLOGY AND
CHALLENGES

8. PHASE I
WHAT IS A DISASTER?
THE NATIONAL SCENARIO
PHASE II
NATURAL CALAMITIES EXPERIENCED BY
INDIA
INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL
DISASTERS
THE INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO

9. PHASE III
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 WARNING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM
 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
PHASE IV
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT EDUCATION
 METHODOLOGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
EDUCATION
 ROLE OF SOME SPECIFIC AGENCIES
WORKING IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER
EDUCATION.
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT EDUCATION: SOME
CHALLENGES.

10. WHAT IS A DISASTER?
“A GRAVE OCCURRENCE HAVING RUINOUS RESULTS”
Webster’s Dictionary
“ANY OCCURRENCE THAT CAUSES DAMAGE, ECONOMIC
DISTRACTION, LOSS OF HUMAN LIFE AND
DETERIORATION IN HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES
ON A SCALE SUFFICIENT TO WARRANT AN
EXTRAORDINARY RESPONSE FROM OUTSIDE THE
AFFECTED COMMUNITY OR AREA”
WHO

11. “An occurrence arising with little or
no warning, which causes or
threatens serious disruption of life,
and requires therefore a
mobilization of effort in excess of
that normally provided by the
statutory emergency services”

12. CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
NATURAL MAN-MADE OTHER
DISASTERS DISASTERS DISASTERS
MAJOR MINOR MAJOR MINOR
COMMUNAL
RIOTS TRANSPORT
EARTHQUAKE HEAT WAVE ETHNIC EPIDEMICS,
ACCIDENT,
FLOODS COLD WAVE ONFLICTS, INDUSTRIAL
FESTIVAL,
DRAUGHTS LANDSLIDE REFUGEES, ACCIDENTS,
PILGRIMAGE
CYCLONE AVALANCHE TERRORISM, FIRE, POLICY
RELATED,
TORNADOES WAR, ECONOMIC CONFLICTS,
FOOD
HAILSTORM SCANDALS, CROP
POISONING,
MISMANAGEM- FAILURE
LIQUOR
ENT TRAGEDY,
TECHNOLOGY
DISASTER, ETC.

13. THE NATIONAL
SCENARIO

14. DROUGHT
EARTHQUAKE
FLOOD AND CYCLONE
TORNADO
LANDSLIDES
VERY HIGH OR LOW CLIMATIC
TEMPERATURES

15. ZONE MAGNITUDE EFFECT
ZONE I < 2.5 VERY LOW DAMAGE RISK ZONE
GENERALLY NOT FELT BUT RECORDED.
ZONE-II <4.5 LOW DAMAGE RISK ZONE.
ZONE-III <6 MODERATE DAMAGE RISK ZONE AND CAN
BE DESTRUCTIVE IN POPULOUS.
ZONE-IV <7.9 HIGH DAMAGE RISK ZONE. MAJOR EARTH
QUAKES INFLICT SERIOUS DAMAGE.
ZONE-V >8 VERY HIGH DAMAGE RISK ZONE. GREAT
EARTH QUAKES OCCUR ONCE EVERY 5-10
YEARS. PRODUCE TOTAL DESTRUCTION
TO NEARBY COMMUNITIES.

16. NATURAL CALAMITIES
EXPERIENCED
BY INDIA

17. EARTHQUAKE NEAR KOYNA
IN MAHARASHTRA.
1968

18. UTTARKASHI EARTHQUAKE
1991

19. EARTHQUAKE STRUCK LATUR
IN MAHARASHTRA
1991

20. EARTHQUAKE OF 1997
NEAR JABALPUR

21. CHAMOLI EARTHQUAKE IN
GARHWAL REGION
1999

22. SUPER CYCLONE IN ORISSA
ON OCTOBER 29, 1999

23. GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE
JAN 26, 2001

24. MAJOR OIL SPILL TOOK
PLACE OFF THE KANDLA PORT

25. INDUSTRIAL
& TECHNOLOGICAL
DISASTERS

26. PETROLEUM SPILLAGE .AND FIRE IN
CUBA TAO IN BRAZIL IN FEB 84
LPG EXPLOSION IN MEXICO CITY IN
NOV 84
BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY IN INDIA IN
DEC 84.
 2000 DEATHS
 34000 EYE INFECTIONS
 MIGRATION OF 2 LAKH PEOPLE

27. THE INTERNATIONAL
SCENARIO

28. MORE THAN 8000 MAJOR
DISASTERS HAVE BEEN RECORDED
WORLDWIDE SINCE 1960
NATURAL CALAMITIES HAVE
CLAIMED MORE THAN 2.8 MILLION
LIVES
ADVERSELY AFFECTED 820
MILLION PEOPLE

29. “THE COSTS OF WEATHER
RELATED DISASTERS IN 1998
EXCEEDED THE COST OF ALL
DISASTERS IN THE DECADE
OF 1980’S”

30.  IN 1998, IN THE CARIBBEAN, THE
HURRICANES GEORGE AND MITCH KILLED
MORE THAN 13,000 PEOPLE, WITH
MITCH BEING THE DEADLIEST ATLANTIC
STORM IN LAST 200 YEARS
 MAJOR FLOODS HIT CHINA, INDIA,
NEPAL, BANGLADESH AND MUCH OF
EAST ASIA, KILLING THOUSANDS OF
PEOPLE. TWO THIRDS OF BANGLADESH
WAS INUNDATED FOR MONTH, LEAVING
MILLIONS HOMELESS.

31. CATASTROPHIC YANGTZE RIVER
FLOOD OF 1998,
EARTHQUAKE IN
EARTHQUAKE IN TAIWAN
“A UNESCO study shows that
on average, more than 10,000
people die each year from
earthquakes and losses amount
to billions of rupees”

32. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

33. THE CRYING NEED OF THE HOUR IS
 SOLIDARITY
 CO-OPERATION AND
 CO-ORDINATION
IN REACHING OUT TO THOSE
WHO HAVE BEEN THE WORST HIT BY
THE CALAMITY

34. DISASTER MANAGEMENT, IN ORDER
OF PRIORITY, SHOULD MEAN
IMMEDIATE
RESCUE
RELIEF
REHABILITATION
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES

35. DISASTER MANAGEMENT INCLUDES
 PLANNING
 ORGANIZING
 STAFFING,
 DIRECTING
 CO-ORDINATING
 REPORTING
 BUDGETING FUNCTIONS BEFORE THE DISASTER
ATTACKS AND
RESCUE
RELIEFAND
REHABILITATION WORK AFTER THE
DISASTER ATTACKS

36.  LEADERSHIP
 INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY
 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
 TIME MANAGEMENT
 RESPONSIBILITY MANAGEMENT
 RISK MANAGEMENT
 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
 COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT
 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT TOO.

37. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
PRE-DISASTER POST-DISASTER
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
RISK RESCUE
IDENTIFICATION RELIEF
RISK REDUCTION REHABILITATION
RISK REDUCTION
MAJOR CONCERNS MAJOR CONCERNS
GOVERNMENT CONCERNED STATE
CONCERN DEPTT. OF GOVERNMENT AND
GOVERNMENT (LIKE MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS AGENCIES
WEATHER NGO (LOCAL, NATIONAL
FORECASTING PLANNING INTERNATIONAL
SEISMOLOGIC DEPTT. ORGANISATION GENERAL PUBLIC AS IN
RAILWAY, RAILWAY, HUMAN RESOURCE INDIVIDUAL OR GROUPS
FINANCE, HRD) DIRECTION (IN ANY FORM, ANY
EDUCATIONAL OR CO-ORDINATION CAPACITY)
SPECIAL R & D COMMUNICATION LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ORGANISATION BUDGETING MEDIA
NGO CONTROL CORPORATE HOUSE
MEDIA RESEARCH AND FOREIGNERS
INSURANCE AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT (INDIVIDUALS, NGO, GOVT

38. WARNING &
FORECASTING
SYSTEM

39. Indian Meteorological
Department (IMD)
IMD provides cyclone
warnings from the Area
Warning & Cyclone Warning
Forecasting Centres (ACWCs)
It has developed the
System necessary
infrastructure to
originate and
disseminate the cyclone
warnings at appropriate
levels.

40.  Indian
Meteorological
Department (IMD)
 It has made operational a
satellite based communication
system called Cyclone
Warning & Warning Dissemination
System for direct
Forecasting dissemination of cyclone
warnings to the cyclone
System prone coastal areas.
 IMD runs operationally a
Limited-area Analysis and
Forecast System (LAFS),
based on an Optimal
Interpretation (OI) analysis
and a limited area Primitive
Equation (PE) model, to
provide numerical guidance.

41.  National
Remote Sensing
Agency (NRSA)
 Long term drought proofing
programmes on the natural
Warning & resources of the district
have been greatly helped by
Forecasting the use of satellite data
obtained by NRSA.
System  Satellite data can be used
very effectively for mapping
and monitoring the flood
inundated areas, flood
damage assessment, flood
hazard zoning and past flood
survey of river configuration
and protection works.

42.  Seismological
Observations
Seismological
observations in the
Warning & country are made
through national network
Forecasting of 36 seismic stations
operated by the IMD,
System which is the nodal
agency. These stations
have collected data over
long periods of time.

43.  Warning System for Drought
 The National Agricultural Drought
Assessment and Management System
(NADAMS) has been developed by the
Department of Space for the
Warning & Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation, and is primarily based on
Forecasting monitoring of vegetation status through
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
System Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very
High Resolution (AVHR) data.
 The drought assessment is based on a
comparative evaluation of satellite
observed green vegetation cover (both
area and greenness) of a district in any
specific time period, with that of any
similar period in previous years.

44.  Flood Forecasting
 Flood forecasts and warnings
are issued by the Central
Water Commission (CWC)
Warning & Ministry of Water Resources.
Forecasting
 These are used for alerting
the public and for taking
System appropriate measures by
concerned administrative and
state engineering agencies in
the flood hazard mitigation.
Information is gathered from
the CWC's vast network of
Forecasting Stations on various
rivers in the country

45.  Cyclone Tracking
 Information on cyclone
warnings is furnished on a
real-time basis to the
control room set up in the
Warning & Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of India.
Forecasting  High-power Cyclone
Detection Radars (CDRs)
System that are installed along the
coastal belt of India have
proved to be a very useful
tool to the cyclone warning
work.
 These radars can locate and
track approaching Tropical
Cyclones within a range of
400 km.

46.  Cyclone Tracking
 Satellite imagery received
from weather satellite is
extensively used in detecting
the development and
Warning & movement of Tropical
Cyclones over oceanic
Forecasting regions, particularly when
they are beyond the range
System of the coastal radars.
 The existing mode of
dissemination of cyclone
warnings to various
government officials is
through high priority
telegrams, telephones, telex
and fax.

47. ADM STRUCTURE OF
DISASTER MGT
IN INDIA

48.  The Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation (DAC) in the Ministry of
Agriculture, `Government of India, is
the nodal department for all matters
concerning natural disasters relief at
ADMINISTRATIVE the Centre.
STRUCTURE OF  The National Contingency Action
DISASTER Plan (CAP) facilitates launching of
MANAGEMENT IN relief and rescue operations without
INDIA delay.
 There are various committees at the
national level for disaster
management such as Cabinet
Committee for effective
implementation of relief measures in
the wake of natural calamity

49.  National Crisis Management
Committee at the national level
headed by the Cabinet Secretary
who is in charge of various types of
ADMINISTRATIVE disasters and supporting ministries
STRUCTURE OF as members
DISASTER  Crisis Management Group reviews
MANAGEMENT IN various measures required for
INDIA dealing with a natural disaster, and
coordinates activities of the Central
ministries and the State
Governments pertaining to disaster
preparedness and relief and obtains
information from nodal officers on
measures relating to the above

51. DISASTER MGT EDN

52.  CREATION OF GENERAL AWARENESS
 IT ALSO HELPS TO TEACHING FACULTIES IN
CREATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC
AND SYSTEMATIC KNOWLEDGE
 IT ALSO HELPS TO THE GOVERNMENT AND ITS
AGENCIES WORKING FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 IT IS MORE SIGNIFICANT IN SOME SPECIFIC
DISASTER PRONE ZONE/ REGION OR STATE

53.  IT ALSO HELPS IN DISSEMINATE THE
KNOWLEDGE/INFORMATION ABOUT
DISASTERS AND MANAGEMENT OF DISASTERS
IN GENERAL LOCAL PUBLIC
IT HELPS IN SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING
AND CONVINCING THE TRUTH AND AVOIDS
SOME UNSCIENTIFIC BELIEF AND AVOIDS AT
LEAST A RUMOUR IN THE TIME OF POST
DISASTER
 IT ALSO HELPS IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND
RESEARCH BASED METHODOLOGICAL
EDUCATION SYSTEM FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

54.  WE CAN COORDINATE SOCIAL RESOURCES
OF NGOS IN TO THE FORMAL/INFORMAL
EDUCATION SYSTEM.
 LAST BUT NOT THE LEAST IT IS ARGUED
THAT ONE CAN PROTECT HIMSELF IN ANY
DISASTER SITUATION, IF HE/SHE HAS BASIC
BUT SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

55. METHODOLOGY
FOR
DISASTER MGT EDN

56.  INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT, NEW DELHI PG DEGREE IN
DISASTER MITIGATION.
 THE CENTRE FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
(BHOPAL MP) POSTGRADUATE WITH
AFFILIATION TO IGNOU
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT.
 METEOROLOGY DEGREES ANDHRA
UNIVERSITY VISHAKAPATANAM
 M Sc METEOROLOGY ,COCHIN UNIVERSITY
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY KERALA,
 M TECH IN METEOROLOGY BHARATIYAR
UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE,

57.  DIPLOMA IN METEOROLOGY, SHIVAJI
UNIVERSITY KOLHAPUR
 B Sc IN METEOROLOGY AND MARINE
SCIENCE, MS UNIVERSITY OF BARODA ,M Sc
METEOROLOGY
 GEOLOGY; GUJARAT UNIVERSITY,
AHMEDABAD , MS UNIVERSITY OF BARODA,
MOHAN LAL SUKHADIYA UNIVERSITY
UDAIPUR, VIKRAM UNIVERSITY AND NAGPUR
UNIVERSITY NAGPUR
 IGNOU OFFERS CERTIFICATE IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT COURSE AS A SIX MONTH
PROGRAMME FOR SELECTED TARGET GROUPS.

58. PROPOSED DISASTER MANAGEMENT EDUCATION MODULE
FORMAL SETUP NON FORMAL SETUP
SECONDARY HIGHER
EDUCATION EDUCATION
BY NGO’S BY GO’S
PRIMARY SECONDARY +2 LEVEL
STORY BASED SYSTEMATIC SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE INFORMATION INFORMATION
FIELD POLICY
AWARENESS FOR FORMATIONS
UG PG UNI. LEVEL RESCUE FUNDING
RELIEF HRD
REHABILITATION R&D
THROUGH MANAGEMENT
SELF & SOCIAL TRAINING & IEC RESEARCH AND (SEMINAR, ADMINISTRATION
AWARENESS MODEL DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE, AND CONTROL
THROUGH SPL. (INFORMATION WORKSHOP, INSTITUTIONAL
PAPER, PART OF EDUCATION EXHIBITION, DEVELOPMENT
THE COMMON COMMUNICATION) COMPETITIONS,
PAPER AND PUBLICATIONS)
NCC/NSS

59. ROLE OF SOME
SPECIFIC AGENCIES
WORKING IN THE FIELD
OF HIGHER EDUCATION.

60. MINISTRY OF HUMAN
RESOURCE DEVPT (MHRD)
 POLICY FORMATION.
 INSTITUTIONAL SET UP (SEPARATELY FOR DM)
 FUNDING ARRANGEMENT.
 GUIDELINES FOR THE AGENCIES WORKING UNDER
THE MINISTRIES I.E. DST, UGC ETC.
 SPECIAL RESEARCH PROGRAMMES
 SPECIAL INNOVATIONS FOR NCC/NSS.
 CREATION FOR JOB OPPORTUNITIES

61. NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
AND TRAINING (NCERT)
SYLLABI PREPARATION FOR VARIOUS LEVEL
OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM.
 TEXT AND METHODOLOGY PREPARATION.
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING
PROGRAMMES FOR DM FOR DIFFERENT LEVEL.

62. ALL INDIA COUNCIL FOR
TEACHER EDUCATION (AICTE)
 SPECIAL ATTENTION ON SETUP OF A DM
INSTITUTES WITH ADEQUATE INFRASTRU-
CTURES.
 SPECIAL SUBJECTS TO OFFERS TO
EXISTING TECHNICAL INSTITUTION UNDER
ITS JURISDICTION.
 SPECIAL RESEARCH PROGRAMMES ON DM
EDUCATION.
 SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS OF INFORMAL
DM EDUCATION PGMES LIKE SEMINAR,
WORKSHOPS.

63. UNIVERSITY GRANTS
COMMISSION (UGC)
 SPECIAL ATTENTION ON DM EDUCATION.
 PREPARATION OF GUIDELINES INCLUDING
SUBJECTS CONTENTS, METHODOLOGY,
EVALUATION FOR DM EDUCATION AT UG/PG
LEVEL.
 ESTABLISHMENT OF SPECIAL DIVISION/
CELL FOR DME.
 AVAILABILITY OF EXPORTS ON VARIOUS
SUBJECTS OF DME,
 SPECIAL RESEARCH PROGRAMMES FOR DM
UNDER ITS MINOR/MAJOR RESEARCH
PROJECTS SCHEMES.

64.  ANNOUNCEMENT OF SPECIAL PROGRAMMES
FOR DM. LIKE UNIVERSITY TALK AIDS,
WOMEN EDUCATION.
 SPECIAL FINANCIAL. NON-FINANCIAL
INCENTIVES FOR COLLEGES AND
UNIVERSITIES WHO ARE TAKING
INITIATIVES OF DME.
 ORGANIZING SEMINAR, WORKSHOP ON
DME.
 SPECIAL INCENTIVES FOR TEACHERS FOR
PREPARATION OF DME LITERATURE,
METHODS ETC.

65. DISASTER MGT EDN:
SOME CHALLENGES

66.  POLITICAL WILLPOWER IS MUST FOR
ESTABLISHMENT OF DME SYSTEM.
 INTER –DISCIPLINARY CO-ORDINATION IS
MUST.
 THERE MAY BE A POSSIBILITIES OF OPPOSE
 LACK OF POLICY ON DM MAY BE A BARRIER
TO THE SYSTEM.
 THIS SYSTEM MAY BENEFIT AFTER
LONGTIME OF ITS ESTABLISHMENT.

67. CONCLUSION