This document summarizes different types of natural and man-made disasters, including floods, tornadoes, cyclones, volcanic eruptions, landslides, fires, and industrial hazards. For each type of disaster, it provides a definition and examples of management strategies such as making evacuation plans, preparing emergency supplies, and safety precautions during the disaster event.

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2. Two types of disasters Natural disaster Man-made disaster

3. NATURAL DISASTER A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard that affects the environment, and leads to financial, environmental and/or human losses.

4. EXAMPLES Flood Tornado CYCLONE Volcanic eruption Landslide

5. FLOOD A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land. Flood is a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.

6. MANAGEMENT Make a family disaster plan. If you have time before evacuating, shut down power at the main switches in your home and disconnect any electrical appliances. Move valuable or essential items to higher floors. Don’t touch electrical equipment if you’re wet or standing in water.

7. TORNADO A tornado is a violent, rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. The most intense of all atmospheric phenomena, tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust.

8. MANAGEMENT Make a family disaster plan. Pick a safe place in your home. Learn about your community’s warning system. Keep a radio with you to listen the further forecast. Prepare a sufficient food stock.

9. CYCLONE A cyclone is a storm system characterized by a large low-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain. Cyclones feed on heat released when moist air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor contained in the moist air.

10. MANAGEMENT Make a family disaster plan. Keep a first aid box with you. Stay indoor, away from window during a cyclone. Keep stock of dry food. Fill several containers with fresh water to drink. Be with your family .

11. VOLCANIC ERUPTION During a volcanic eruption, lava, tephra ,ash, lapilli, solid chunks of rock, and various gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. Several types of volcanic eruptions have been distinguished by volcanologists. These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of behavior has been observed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic type of eruption during a period of activity, while others may display an entire sequence of type.

12. MANAGEMENT Leave the area immediately. Avoid areas downwind from the eruption if the ash is being expelled. Protect your eyes with goggles or glass. Don’t inhale the harmful smoke. Cover your face with scarf or a cloth. Beware of flying debris.

13. LANDSLIDE A landslide or landslip is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments.

14. MANAGEMENT Stay alert and awake. If you live in landslide area, it is better to leave that area. If you see a crack in ground then alert everyone to leave the area. Be especially alert while driving.

15. Man made disaster A man-made hazard is a threat having an element of human intent, negligence, or error, or involving a failure of a man-made system. Man-made disasters are disasters resulting from the same factors .

16. EXAMPLES FIRE INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS

17. FIRE Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition

18. MANAGEMENT Do not panic during fire. Call fire brigade as soon as possible. Do not use water in fire caused due to any false electrical appliance. Use sand or fire extinguisher. Immediately put burnol on the wound cause due to the fire.

19. INDUSTRIAL HAZARD Industrial disasters occur in a commercial context, such as mining disasters. They often have an environmental impact. It mainly occur due to the carelessness of workers or industry authority.

20. MANAGEMENT Do not panic. Go to a safer place. Do not go near industry during disaster. Do not inhale gas coming out from fire. In case of fire, call to fire brigade.

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22. ABHISHEK GOYAL CLASS IX-S