Understanding disaster# Disaster management#gtu

1. Shri S’ad Vidhya Mandal Institute Of
Technology
Presented by
Samarth sojitra 150450119161
Solanki deep 150450119162
Solanki hitesh 150450119163
Solanki yogesh 150450119164
Soni nisarg 150450119165

2. What is disaster management ?
 As per the Oxford dictionary a disaster is “a sudden accident or a natural
catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life”
 “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health
services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from
outside the affected community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
 “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade
that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot
alleviate without assistance”.
American Red Cross (ARC) ’

3. What it involves ??
 Dealing with and avoiding both natural and man made
disasters.
 Preparedness before disaster.
 Rebuilding and supporting society after natural disasters.

4. BACKGROUND
 Enormous population pressures and
urbanization
 A flood, a drought or an earthquake millions of
peoples are affected each time a disaster occurs
 Large-scale displacement and the loss of life,
loss of property and agricultural crops

5.  The reasons for this are varied including:
 an increasing population pressures in urban areas
 an increase in the extent of encroachment into
lands, e.g., river beds or drainage courses, low
lying areas etc.
 poor or ignored zoning laws and policies
 lack of proper risk management (insurance)
BACKGROUND

6. FACTORS AFFECTING
DISASTER
• Age
• Immunization status
• Degree of mobility
• Emotional stability
Host factors
• Physical Factors
• Chemical Factors
• Biological Factors
• Social Factors
• Psychological Factors
Environmental
factors

7. CHARACTERISTIC OF
DISASTER
 Predictability
 Controllability
 Speed of onset
 Length of forewarning
 Duration of impact
 Scope and intensity of
impact

9. Hazard
 Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage
to people and their environment.
 When hazard involves elements of risks, vulnerabilities and capacities,
they can turn into disasters.
 Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented.
“A hazard is natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is perceived
natural event which threatens both life and property…… A disaster is a realization of this
hazard.”
-John Whittow

10. Example of Hazards And Their Effect
Workplace Hazard Example of Hazard Ex of Harm Caused
Source Of Energy Electricity Shock
Condition Wet floor Slip, falls
Process Welding Metal fume fever
Practice Hard rock mining silicosis

11. Types Of Hazards
Physical
• Heat
• Noise
• Vibration
Chemical
• Fires
• Leakages of
chemical
compounds
Biological
• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Parasites

12. Major Disasters in India
 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy
 2001 Gujarat earthquake
 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
 2008 Mumbai attacks

13. Capacity to cop
High Low
The propensity of things to be damaged by a hazard.
Low High
Very low Very high
Vulnerability
Exposure
to hazard
High Low
Vulnerability

14. India’s Vulnerability to Disasters
 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these, 12%
is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
 68% land is vulnerable to drought.
 12% land is vulnerable to floods.
 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.
 Apart from natural disasters, some cities in India are
also vulnerable to chemical and industrial disasters
and man-made disasters.

15. UNDERSTANDING RISK
• Our World Is At Risk:-
 FLOODS
 SEVERE WINDSTORMS
 EARTHQUAKES
 TSUNAMIS
 DROUGHTS
 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
 LANDSLIDES
 WILDFIRES

16. BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN
FLOODS
INUNDATION AND SCOUR
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
EFFECTS OF WATER ON
STRUCTURE & CONTENTS
INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR
HEALTH PROBLEMS,
INJURIES, AND DEATH
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
VULNERABILITY OF NON-
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
CAUSES
OF RISK
CASE HISTORIES

17. WIND AND WATER
PENETRATE BUILDING
ENVELOPE
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES
WINDOWS
STORM SURGE AND HEAVY
PRECIPITATION
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN
POOR WORKMANSHIP
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
CAUSES
OF RISK
CASE HISTORIES

18. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO
HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
EARTHQUAKES
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
(SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE
FAULTING )
IRREGULARITIES IN MASS,
STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS
FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE
RUNUP AND SEICHE
POOR DETAILING OF
STRUCTURALSYSTEM
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
CAUSES
OF RISK
CASE HISTORIES

19. HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF
INCOMING WAVES
TSUNAMIS
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE
RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE
RUNUP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF
BUILDINGS
FLOODING
NO WARNING, OR
INADEQUATE WARNING
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF
TSUNAMI
CAUSES
OF RISK
CASE HISTORIES

21. What is Disaster Management

22. The body of policy and administrative decisions
and operational activities that pertain to various
stages of a disaster at all levels.
An applied science which seeks, by systemic
observation and analysis of disasters, to improve
measures relating to prevention, emergency
response, recovery and mitigation.
Encompasses all aspects of planning for, and
responding to disasters, including both pre and post
disaster activities.
Disaster Management

23. A continuous and integrated process of planning,
organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are
necessary or expedient for-
● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
● Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences.
● Capacity-building.
● Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
● Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.
● Evacuation, rescue and relief.
● Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Disaster Management

24. Integrated
Disaster
Manageme
nt
Prepared-
ness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
Activities prior to a disaster.
• Preparedness plans
• Emergency exercises
• Training,
• Warning systems
Activities that reduce
effects of disasters
• Building codes &
zoning
• Vulnerability
analyses
• Public education
Activities following a
disaster.
• Temporary housing
• Claims processing
• Grants
• Medical care
Activities during a disaster.
• Public warning
systems
• Emergency
operations
• Search & rescue

25. Proactive strategy

26. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster Impact
Disaster Response
Disaster Recovery
Disaster Mitigation
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27. Disaster Preparedness
Disaster preparedness - is ongoing multisectoral activity.
Integral part of the national system responsible for
developing plans and programmes for
disaster management,
prevention,
mitigation,
response,
rehabilitation and
reconstruction.
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28. Disaster Preparedness
Co-ordination of a variety of sectors to carry out-
 Evaluation of the risk.
 Adopt standards and regulations.
 Organize communication and response mechanism.
 Ensure all resources- ready and easily mobilized.
 Develop public education programmes.
 Coordinate information with news media.
 Disaster simulation exercises.
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29. Disaster impact

30. Disaster response
 Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control
 Vaccination
 Nutrition

31. Rehabilitation phase
 Water supply
 Food safety
 Basic sanitation and personal hygiene
 Vector control

32. Disaster mitigation
 This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.
 These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable
population and structure.
Eg. improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other
buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized.
 Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health services
including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the cost of
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster
response activities.

33. Disaster Response
Immediate reaction to disaster as the disaster is
anticipated, or soon after it begins in order to assess
the needs, reduce the suffering, limit the spread and
consequences of the disaster, open up the way to
rehabilitation.
By-
 Mass evacuation
 Search and rescue
 Emergency medical services
 Securing food and water
 Maintenance of Law & Order
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