The document discusses disaster management, detailing the types of disasters (natural and man-made), their causes, and the phases of disaster management including preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery. It emphasizes the vulnerability of India to various disasters and outlines the roles of national and international agencies in disaster management. Additionally, it highlights strategies and measures to reduce the impact of disasters through effective planning and community involvement.

1. DISASTER
MANAGAEMENT
PRESENTATION BY:
AISHWARYA LAKSHMI M
1

2. INTRODUCTION
 A disaster is an undesirable occurrence resulting from forces that are largely
outside human control. It strikes quickly with little or no warning and requires
major efforts in providing statutory emergency service..
 It is a result of natural or man-made causes that leads to sudden disruption of
normal life, causing severe damage to life and property to an extent that
available social and economic protection mechanisms are inadequate to cope.
 Disasters can be of two types:
 Natural disasters
 Man made disasters
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3. 3
Natural disasters
hydrological
such as floods;
meteorological
such as
hurricanes
geophysical
such as
earthquakes
and volcanic
eruptions;
Climatological
such as heat
and cold waves
and droughts
biological such
as epidemics

4. CAUSES OF DISASTERS
Removal of trees and forest cover from a watershed area have
caused soil erosion, expansion of flood plain area in upper and
middle course of rivers and groundwater depletion
Environmenta
l degradation
Exploitation of land use, development of infrastructure, rapid
urbanization leads to warming of earth and frequency of extreme
weather events has also increased.
Industrialization
and Developmental
process
War, nuclear power aspirations, fight between countries to
become super power and conquering land, sea and skies
Political issues
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5. LEVELS OF DISASTER
Level-L1:
The level of disaster that can be
managed within the capabilities and
resources at the District level.
However, the state authorities will
remain in readiness to provide
assistance if needed;
Level-L2:
This signifies the disaster situations
that require assistance and active
mobilization of resources at the
state level and deployment of state
level agencies for disaster
management. The central agencies
must remain vigilant for immediate
deployment if required by the state.
Level-L3:
This corresponds to a nearly
catastrophic situation or a very
large-scale disaster that
overwhelms the State and
District authorities.
5

6. VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA
 Around 59% of the landmass is prone to
earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity.
 About 12% (over 40 million hectares) of its land is
prone to floods and river erosion.
 Close to 5,700 kms, out of the 7,516 kms i.e. about
8% of long coastline is prone to cyclones and
tsunamis.
 68% of its cultivable area is vulnerable to
droughts; and, the hilly areas are at risk from
landslides and avalanches.
 Moreover, India is also vulnerable to chemical,
biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN)
emergencies and other man-made disasters.
 According to the Global Climate Risk Index report
2019, India is the 14th most vulnerable country in
the world, due to extreme weather-related events.
6
59
12
8
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
%VULNERABILITY
%VULNERABILITY

7. 7
DISASTERS IN
2020…….

8. BEING PREPARED - A VITAL PART OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT…… 8

9. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 Disaster management is the organization and management of the resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies (preparedness,
response, mitigation, and recovery). The aim is to reduce the harmful effects of all
hazards, including disasters.
 A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating &
implementing the measures which are necessary or expedient for:
 Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
 Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences.
 Capacity-building.
 Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
 Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
 Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.
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10. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT 10

11. 11
Disaster
mitigation:
To prevent future
emergencies and
take steps to
minimize their
effects
Involves steps to reduce vulnerability to disaster impacts such
as injuries and loss of life and property. This might involve
changes in local building codes to fortify buildings; revised
zoning and land use management; strengthening of public
infrastructure; and other efforts to make the community more
resilient to a catastrophic event.
Improving structural
qualities of the
schools , houses and
such other buildings
so that medical
casualties can be
minimized.
Ensuring the safety
of health facilities
and public health
services including
water supply and
sewerage system to
reduce the cost of
rehabilitation and
reconstruction.
This mitigation
complements the
disaster preparedness
and disaster response
activities

12. 12
Adopt standards
and regulations.
Evaluation of risk.
Organize
communication and
response
mechanism.
Ensure all the
resources –ready
& easily
mobilized.
Develop public
education
programs.
Disaster preparedness:
To take actions ahead of
time to be ready for an
emergency
• It is an ongoing
multisectoral activity.
• Preparedness focuses on
understanding how a
disaster might impact the
community and how
education, outreach and
training can build capacity
to respond to and recover
from a disaster.

13. 13
Disaster response:
To protect people and property
in the wake of an emergency,
disaster or crisis Immediate
reaction to disaster as the
disaster is anticipated , or
soon after it begins in order to
assess the needs , reduce the
suffering, limit the spread and
consequences of the disaster,
open up the way to
rehabilitation
• Mass evacuation, Search and
rescue
• Emergency medical services
• Securing food and water
• Maintenance of law and order
• Implementing the disaster
management plan.
• Setting up medical camps and
mobilizing resources.
• Providing adequate shelter and
sanitary facilities.
• Development of search and rescue
team.
• Epidemiologic surveillance and
disease control.
• Vaccination.

14. 14
• It is the restoration of all aspects of the disaster’s impact on a community
and the return to some sense of normalcy. By this time, the impacted region
has achieved a degree of physical, environmental, economic and social
stability. The aim of the recovery phase is to restore the affected area to its
previous state.
• Recovery efforts are concerned with issues and decisions that must be made
after immediate needs are addressed
• Recovery efforts are primarily concerned with actions that involve
rebuilding destroyed property, re-employment, and the repair of other
essential infrastructure.
• The recovery phase starts when the immediate threat to human life has
subsided. In the reconstruction it is recommended to reconsider the location
or construction material of the property.
Disaster
recovery:
to rebuild
after a
disaster in
an effort to
return
operations
back to
normal

15. PLANS AIMED IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 In 1994 the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction adopted the Yokohama strategy and Plan
of Action for a Safer World: guidelines for natural disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation.
 The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 – 2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to
Disasters in 2005
 United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) created in1999 to implement UN Disaster
Risk Reduction strategy.
 These three agreements recognize the desired outcomes in Disaster Risk Reduction as a product of
interconnected social and economic processes, which overlap across the agendas of the three agreements.
o The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
o Sustainable Development Goals 2015-2030
o The Paris agreement (COP 21) on Climate Change
 National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) released in 2016, it is the first ever national plan prepared
in the country for disaster management aligned with the Sendai Framework, to which India is a signatory.The
objective of the plan is to make India disaster resilient, achieve substantial disaster risk reduction. It aims to
significantly decrease the losses of life, livelihoods, and assets. To maximize the ability to cope with disasters
at all levels of administration as well as among communities.
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16. INTERNATIONAL AGENICIES IN DIASTER MANAGEMENT
The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR)
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
Doctors without borders
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17. NATIONAL AGENCIES INVOLVED IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA):- an apex body for
disaster management, headed by the Prime Minister of India. The objective of
NDMA is, to build a safer and disaster resilient India It is responsible for the
supervision, direction, and control of the National Disaster Response Force
(NDRF).
National Executive Committee (NEC):- The NEC is composed of high profile
ministerial members from the government of India that include the Union Home
Secretary as Chairperson. The NEC prepares the National Plan for Disaster
Management as per the National Policy on Disaster Management.
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA):- The Chief Minister of the
respective state is the head of the SDMA.The State Government has a State
Executive Committee (SEC) which assists the State Disaster Management
Authority (SDMA) on Disaster Management.
District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA):- The DDMA is headed by the
District Collector, Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate depending on the
situation. The DDMA ensures that the guidelines framed by the NDMA and the SDMA
are followed by all the departments of the State Government at the District level and the
local authorities in the District.
Local Authorities:- Local authorities would include Panchayati Raj
Institutions (PRI), Municipalities, District and Cantonment 11 Institutional and
Legal Arrangements Boards, and Town Planning Authorities which control and
manage civic services.
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18. EARTHQUAKE
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the
Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. The areas are divided according to seismic zone which used to
describe an area where earthquakes tend to focus
The intensity and strength of an earthquake is measured on Richter scale.
Scientists measure the strength of earthquakes using machines known
as seismographs.
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Seismic
zones
Intensity in
M.M
Zone-II (Low-
Intensity Zone)
6 (or less)
Zone-III (Moderate
Intensity Zone)
7
Zone-IV (Severe
Intensity Zone)
8
Zone-V (Very Severe
Intensity Zone)
9 (and above)

19. EARTHQUAKES IN INDIA 19
PLACE DATE MAGNITUDE
Indian Ocean December 26, 2004 9.1–9.3
Kashmir October 8, 2005 7.6
Bihar and Nepal January 15, 1934 8.7
Gujarat January 26, 2001 7.7
Kangra April 4, 1905 7.8
Latur September 30, 1993 6.4
Assam August 15, 1950 8.6
Assam June 12, 1897 8.1
Uttarkashi October 20, 1991 6.8
Koynanagar December 11, 1967 6.5

20. Evidence of upcoming Earthquake are
following:
 Unusual animal behavior
 Water level in wells
 Large scale of fluctuation of oil
flow from oil wells
 Foreshocks or minor shocks before
major earthquake
 Temperature change
 Uplifting of earth surface
 Change in seismic wave velocity
Effects of Earthquake:
 Surface falling.
 Tsunami.
 Tremors /vibrations.
 Shaking of earth.
 Landslides .
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21. I. People do not feel any Earth movement.
II. A few people might notice movement if they are at rest and/or on the upper floors of tall buildings.
III. Many people indoors feel movement. Hanging objects swing back and forth.
IV. Most people indoors feel movement. Dishes, windows, and doors rattle.A few people outdoors may movement. Parked cars rock.
V. Almost everyone feels movement. Sleeping people are awakened. Trees might shake.
VI. Everyone feels movement. People have trouble walking. Objects fall from shelves.Furniture moves. Plaster in walls might crack. Trees and
bushes shake. Damage is slight in poorly built buildings. No structural damage.
VII. People have difficulty standing. Drivers feel their cars shaking.. Damage is slight to moderate in well-built buildings; considerable in poorly
built buildings.
VIII. Drivers have trouble steering.Tall structures might twist and fall. Well-built buildings suffer slight damage. Poorly built structures suffer
severe damage. Tree branches break. Hillsides might crack if the ground is wet. Water levels in wells might change.
IX. Well-built buildings suffer considerable damage. Houses that are not bolted down move off their foundations. Some underground pipes are
broken. The ground cracks. Reservoirs suffer serious damage.
X. Most buildings and their foundations are destroyed. Dams are seriously damaged. Large landslides occur.
XI. Most buildings collapse. Large cracks appear in the ground. Underground pipelines are destroyed. Railroad tracks are badly bent.
XII. Almost everything is destroyed. Objects are thrown into the air. The ground moves in waves or ripples. Large amounts of rock may move.
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23. WAYS TO REDUCE IMPACT…..
 Preparing to face this hazard is the major step in disaster management.
 We cannot prevent natural earthquakes from occurring but we can significantly
mitigate their effects by identifying hazards, building safer structures, and
providing education on earthquake safety.
 Train ourselves in basic rescue and first aid functions
 Use appropriate technology in building material and also adhere to norms in new
constructions and train ourselves to respond to the situation are some of the steps
to prepare for the earth quake.
 Conduct earthquake safety drills
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24. Thank you……
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