Number Codes and Registers
2’s complement numbers
Addition and subtraction
Binary coded decimal
Gray codes for binary numbers
ASCII characters
Moving towards hardware
Storing data
Processing data
The following presentation is a part of the level 4 module -- Digital Logic and Signal Principles. This resources is a part of the 2009/2010 Engineering (foundation degree, BEng and HN) courses from University of Wales Newport (course codes H101, H691, H620, HH37 and 001H). This resource is a part of the core modules for the full time 1st year undergraduate programme.
The BEng & Foundation Degrees and HNC/D in Engineering are designed to meet the needs of employers by placing the emphasis on the theoretical, practical and vocational aspects of engineering within the workplace and beyond. Engineering is becoming more high profile, and therefore more in demand as a skill set, in today’s high-tech world. This course has been designed to provide you with knowledge, skills and practical experience encountered in everyday engineering environments.
Number Codes and Registers
2’s complement numbers
Addition and subtraction
Binary coded decimal
Gray codes for binary numbers
ASCII characters
Moving towards hardware
Storing data
Processing data
The following presentation is a part of the level 4 module -- Digital Logic and Signal Principles. This resources is a part of the 2009/2010 Engineering (foundation degree, BEng and HN) courses from University of Wales Newport (course codes H101, H691, H620, HH37 and 001H). This resource is a part of the core modules for the full time 1st year undergraduate programme.
The BEng & Foundation Degrees and HNC/D in Engineering are designed to meet the needs of employers by placing the emphasis on the theoretical, practical and vocational aspects of engineering within the workplace and beyond. Engineering is becoming more high profile, and therefore more in demand as a skill set, in today’s high-tech world. This course has been designed to provide you with knowledge, skills and practical experience encountered in everyday engineering environments.
It's part of Computer Organization And Architecture .Data representation is how to data represented in computer by using complements of number , float point ,fix point, so it's
slide is useful
Numeral Systems: Positional and Non-Positional
Conversions between Positional Numeral Systems: Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal
Representation of Numbers in Computer Memory
Exercises: Conversion between Different Numeral Systems
The following presentation is a part of the level 4 module -- Digital Logic and Signal Principles. This resources is a part of the 2009/2010 Engineering (foundation degree, BEng and HN) courses from University of Wales Newport (course codes H101, H691, H620, HH37 and 001H). This resource is a part of the core modules for the full time 1st year undergraduate programme.
The BEng & Foundation Degrees and HNC/D in Engineering are designed to meet the needs of employers by placing the emphasis on the theoretical, practical and vocational aspects of engineering within the workplace and beyond. Engineering is becoming more high profile, and therefore more in demand as a skill set, in today’s high-tech world. This course has been designed to provide you with knowledge, skills and practical experience encountered in everyday engineering environments.
Digital computers represent data by means of an easily identified symbol called a digit. The data may
contain digits, alphabets or special character, which are converted to bits, understandable by the computer.
In Digital Computer, data and instructions are stored in computer memory using binary code (or
machine code) represented by Binary digIT’s 1 and 0 called BIT’s.
The number system uses well-defined symbols called digits.
Number systems are classified into two types:
o Non-positional number system
o Positional number system
It's part of Computer Organization And Architecture .Data representation is how to data represented in computer by using complements of number , float point ,fix point, so it's
slide is useful
Numeral Systems: Positional and Non-Positional
Conversions between Positional Numeral Systems: Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal
Representation of Numbers in Computer Memory
Exercises: Conversion between Different Numeral Systems
The following presentation is a part of the level 4 module -- Digital Logic and Signal Principles. This resources is a part of the 2009/2010 Engineering (foundation degree, BEng and HN) courses from University of Wales Newport (course codes H101, H691, H620, HH37 and 001H). This resource is a part of the core modules for the full time 1st year undergraduate programme.
The BEng & Foundation Degrees and HNC/D in Engineering are designed to meet the needs of employers by placing the emphasis on the theoretical, practical and vocational aspects of engineering within the workplace and beyond. Engineering is becoming more high profile, and therefore more in demand as a skill set, in today’s high-tech world. This course has been designed to provide you with knowledge, skills and practical experience encountered in everyday engineering environments.
Digital computers represent data by means of an easily identified symbol called a digit. The data may
contain digits, alphabets or special character, which are converted to bits, understandable by the computer.
In Digital Computer, data and instructions are stored in computer memory using binary code (or
machine code) represented by Binary digIT’s 1 and 0 called BIT’s.
The number system uses well-defined symbols called digits.
Number systems are classified into two types:
o Non-positional number system
o Positional number system
Number System, Conversion, Decimal to Binary, Decimal to Octal, Decimal to Binary, Decimal to HexaDecimal, Binary to Decimal, Octal to Decimal, Hexadecimal to Decimal, Binary to Octal, Binary to Hexadecimal, Octal to Hexadecimal, BCD, Binary Addition
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CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
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using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
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Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Digital logic degin, Number system
1.
2. 2’s complement numbers
› Addition and subtraction
Binary coded decimal
Gray codes for binary numbers
ASCII characters
Moving towards hardware
› Storing data
› Processing data
3. Let’s compute (13)10 - (5)10.
› (13)10 = +(1101)2 = (01101)2
› (-5)10 = -(0101)2 = (11011)2
Adding these two 5-bit codes…
Discarding the carry bit, the sign bit is seen to
be zero, indicating a correct result.
Numbers in hexadecimal
0 1 1 0 1
+ 1 1 0 1 1
--------------
1 0 1 0 0 0
carry
4. Let’s compute (5)10 – (12)10.
› (-12)10 = -(1100)2 = (10100)2
› (5)10 = +(0101)2 = (00101)2
Adding these two 5-bit codes…
Here, there is no carry bit and the sign bit is 1.
This indicates a negative result, which is what
we expect. (11001)2 = -(7)10.
Numbers in hexadecimal
0 0 1 0 1
+ 1 0 1 0 0
--------------
1 1 0 0 1
5. Binary coded decimal (BCD) represents each
decimal digit with four bits
› Ex. 0011 0010 1001 = 32910
This is NOT the same as 0011001010012
Why do this? Because people think in
decimal.
Digit BCD
Code
Digit BCD
Code
0 0000 5 0101
1 0001 6 0110
2 0010 7 0111
3 0011 8 1000
4 0100 9 1001
3 2 9
6. ° BCD not very efficient
° Used in early
computers (40s, 50s)
° Used to encode
numbers for seven-
segment displays.
° Easier to read?
7. Gray code is not a
number system.
› It is an alternate way to represent
four bit data
Only one bit changes
from one decimal digit to
the next
Useful for reducing errors
in communication.
Can be scaled to larger
numbers.
Digit Binary Gray
Code
0 0000 0000
1 0001 0001
2 0010 0011
3 0011 0010
4 0100 0110
5 0101 0111
6 0110 0101
7 0111 0100
8 1000 1100
9 1001 1101
10 1010 1111
11 1011 1110
12 1100 1010
13 1101 1011
14 1110 1001
15 1111 1000
8. American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
ASCII is a 7-bit code, frequently used with
an 8th bit for error detection (more about
that in a bit).Character ASCII (bin) ASCII (hex) Decimal Octal
A 1000001 41 65 101
B 1000010 42 66 102
C 1000011 43 67 103
…
Z
a
…
1
‘
9. ° ASCII Codes
° A – Z (26 codes), a – z (26 codes)
° 0-9 (10 codes), others (@#$%^&*….)
° Complete listing in Mano text
° Transmission susceptible to noise
° Typical transmission rates (1500 Kbps, 56.6 Kbps)
° How to keep data transmission accurate?
10. Parity codes are formed by concatenating a parity
bit, P to each code word of C.
In an odd-parity code, the parity bit is specified so
that the total number of ones is odd.
In an even-parity code, the parity bit is specified so
that the total number of ones is even.
Information BitsP
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Added even parity bit
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Added odd parity bit
11. Concatenate a parity bit to the ASCII code for the
characters 0, X, and = to produce both odd-parity and
even-parity codes.
Character ASCII Odd-Parity
ASCII
Even-Parity
ASCII
0 0110000 10110000 00110000
X 1011000 01011000 11011000
= 0111100 10111100 00111100
12. • Binary cells store individual bits of data
• Multiple cells form a register.
• Data in registers can indicate different values
• Hex (decimal)
• BCD
• ASCII
Binary Cell
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
13. Data can move from register to register.
Digital logic used to process data
We will learn to design this logic
Register A Register B
Register C
Digital Logic
Circuits
14. Data input at keyboard
Shifted into place
Stored in memory
NOTE: Data input in ASCII
15. We need processing
We need storage
We need
communication
You will learn to use
and design these
components.
16. Although 2’s complement most important,
other number codes exist
ASCII code used to represent characters
(including those on the keyboard)
Registers store binary data
Next time: Building logic circuits!