A basic understanding of computers, their functions, and their role in modern society. It involves knowing about computer hardware, software, and their applications.
Number System, Conversion, Decimal to Binary, Decimal to Octal, Decimal to Binary, Decimal to HexaDecimal, Binary to Decimal, Octal to Decimal, Hexadecimal to Decimal, Binary to Octal, Binary to Hexadecimal, Octal to Hexadecimal, BCD, Binary Addition
This lesson is for students taking the Cambridge School certificate exams Computer science subject(2210).I hope that it will of help to students in this period of crisis. Send me your feedback or suggestions on buxooa72@ gmail.com,
Number System, Conversion, Decimal to Binary, Decimal to Octal, Decimal to Binary, Decimal to HexaDecimal, Binary to Decimal, Octal to Decimal, Hexadecimal to Decimal, Binary to Octal, Binary to Hexadecimal, Octal to Hexadecimal, BCD, Binary Addition
This lesson is for students taking the Cambridge School certificate exams Computer science subject(2210).I hope that it will of help to students in this period of crisis. Send me your feedback or suggestions on buxooa72@ gmail.com,
Number Codes and Registers
2’s complement numbers
Addition and subtraction
Binary coded decimal
Gray codes for binary numbers
ASCII characters
Moving towards hardware
Storing data
Processing data
Number System | Types of Number System | Binary Number System | Octal Number ...Get & Spread Knowledge
Topic: Number System | Types of Number System | Binary Number System | Octal Number System | Decimal Number System | Hexadecimal Number System
Subject: Digital Logic & Design
Programs: Bachelor of Computer Science, Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Technology, Bachelor of IT, Master of Computer Science.
Lecturer: Junaid Qamar
Email: Getandspreadknowledge@gmail.com
A mixture, as the name suggests is mixing two or more things together and alligation enables us to find the ratio in which the ingredients/ things have been mixed and at what price they are sole to earn profit or face loss.
Number Codes and Registers
2’s complement numbers
Addition and subtraction
Binary coded decimal
Gray codes for binary numbers
ASCII characters
Moving towards hardware
Storing data
Processing data
Number System | Types of Number System | Binary Number System | Octal Number ...Get & Spread Knowledge
Topic: Number System | Types of Number System | Binary Number System | Octal Number System | Decimal Number System | Hexadecimal Number System
Subject: Digital Logic & Design
Programs: Bachelor of Computer Science, Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Technology, Bachelor of IT, Master of Computer Science.
Lecturer: Junaid Qamar
Email: Getandspreadknowledge@gmail.com
A mixture, as the name suggests is mixing two or more things together and alligation enables us to find the ratio in which the ingredients/ things have been mixed and at what price they are sole to earn profit or face loss.
Operating systems play a critical role in managing network connections, enabling devices to communicate over the network. Modern operating systems are equipped with various networking utilities, drivers, and protocols to facilitate this communication.
Together, the operating system and networking form the backbone of the digital world, allowing devices to communicate, share resources, and access the internet, making them essential components in the world of technology.
Computer hardware and software work together to perform a wide range of tasks, from running applications and games to managing data and connecting to the internet. Hardware provides the physical infrastructure, while software directs and controls these components to execute various functions.
The history of computers is a story of continuous innovation, from the earliest mechanical devices to the advanced technologies of today, shaping the way we live, work, and connect with the world.
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model is a fundamental framework in computer networking. It breaks down the complex process of data communication between devices into seven distinct layers, each with its specific responsibilities.
1. **Physical Layer**: At the very bottom, this layer deals with the physical hardware, like cables and switches, and focuses on the transmission of raw bits.
2. **Data Link Layer**: Just above the physical layer, this layer ensures reliable data transfer within a local network. It handles tasks like error detection and correction to maintain data integrity.
3. **Network Layer**: Responsible for routing data packets between different networks or devices, this layer uses logical addressing (e.g., IP addresses) to determine the best path for data to reach its destination.
4. **Transport Layer**: Managing end-to-end communication, this layer ensures data is sent reliably, in the right order, and with mechanisms for error recovery.
5. **Session Layer**: This layer establishes, maintains, and terminates communication sessions between applications or devices. It helps manage the dialogue between them.
6. **Presentation Layer**: Focusing on data translation, encryption, and compression, this layer ensures that data sent by one device can be understood by the receiving device, bridging differences in data formats or languages.
7. **Application Layer**: Sitting at the top, closest to the end-user, this layer provides specific services and protocols for applications like web browsing, email, and file transfer.
The OSI Model serves several crucial purposes:
- **Standardization**: It provides a common language and framework for network engineers and developers to design and troubleshoot networks.
- **Interoperability**: By following the OSI Model, different devices and systems can work together seamlessly, even if they're from different manufacturers.
- **Troubleshooting**: When network issues arise, the model helps professionals pinpoint problems by isolating them to a specific layer.
- **Modularity**: Each layer has a specific function, which makes it easier to develop, maintain, and upgrade individual components of a network without affecting others.
In summary, the OSI Model is a crucial tool for understanding, designing, and managing networks. It's a conceptual framework that simplifies the complex world of data communication into seven manageable layers, making it easier to build and maintain the interconnected digital world we rely on today.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
2. Overview
Computer awareness refers to a person's knowledge and understanding of computers, their components,
software, and their impact on various aspects of life and work. It involves being familiar with how computers
work, their history, and their practical applications. Computer awareness encompasses a range of topics,
including:
● Hardware: Physical components of a computer, such as the CPU, RAM, storage devices, motherboard,
and peripherals like keyboards and monitors.
● Software: Knowledge of computer programs and operating systems, including how to use them and
install/uninstall software.
● Basic Operations: Familiarity with basic computer operations like file management, using a web browser,
and navigating the user interface.
● Computer Security: Awareness of cybersecurity best practices, including protecting against viruses,
malware, and online threats.
3. ● Digital Literacy: The ability to use digital tools and software for communication, productivity, and research
purposes.
● Programming: Understanding the fundamentals of programming languages and how to write, run, and
debug simple programs.
● Internet and Networking: Knowledge of how the internet works, including concepts like IP addresses,
DNS, and common networking protocols.
● Computer History: Awareness of the historical developments that have shaped the field of computing.
● Ethical and Social Implications: Understanding the ethical and societal issues related to computers,
including privacy concerns and the impact of technology on society.
● Emerging Technologies: Keeping up to date with the latest advancements in computer technology, such
as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and blockchain.
Computer awareness is important in today's digital age, as computers are integral to many aspects of daily life,
work, and business. It empowers individuals to make informed decisions about technology, stay safe online, and
leverage the power of computers for various tasks and opportunities.
4. Topics to be covered
01 Number System
02 Arithmetic operations
03
Introduction to various categories
of computer language
04 Functional details of Input and
Output devices
05
Representation of Data (Digital
versus Analog, Number System –
Decimal, Binary & Hexadecimal)
06
Introduction to Data Processing
07
Concepts of files and its types
6. What is Number System?
➔ The technique to represent and work with numbers is called number system.
➔ Decimal number system is the most common number system
➔ It includes:
Base 2
Binary Number System
Having just two digits – 0 and 1
Octal Number System
Has eight digits – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and 7
Base 8
Decimal Number System
Having 10 digits from 0 to 9
Base 10
Hexadecimal Number System
Has 16 symbols – 0 to 9 and A to
F
Base 16
7. Binary Number System (Base 2)
★ Binary is a base-2 number system, meaning it uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
★ Each digit in a binary number represents a power of 2, with the rightmost digit
representing 20 (1), the next one 21 (2), the next 22 (4), and so on.
★ Binary is used in computers because digital electronic circuits can easily represent
and manipulate two states (0 and 1), making it ideal for storing and processing
data.
★ Each binary digit is also called a bit.
★ Binary number system is also positional value system, where each digit has a value
expressed in powers of 2, as displayed here.
25 24 23 22 21 20
8. ★ the rightmost digit is called least significant bit (LSB) and leftmost digit is called
most significant bit (MSB).
★ And decimal equivalent of this number is sum of product of each digit with its
positional value.
110102 = 1×24 + 1×23 + 0×22 + 1×21 + 0×20
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
= 2610
1 1 0 1 0
MSB LSB
10. Octal Number System (Base-8)
★ Octal uses eight digits: 0-7.
★ Has eight digits – 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
★ Octal number system is also a positional value system with where each digit has
its value expressed in powers of 8
★ Any octal number is sum of product of each digit with its positional value.
7268 = 7×82 + 2×81 + 6×80
= 448 + 16 + 6
= 47010
85 84 83 82 81 80
11. Decimal Number System (Base-10)
★ It uses ten digits: 0 through 9.
★ Each digit in a decimal number represents a power of 10, with the rightmost digit
representing 100 (1), the next 101 (10), the next 102 (100), and so on.
★ The value of 7 in all three numbers is different−
105 104 103 102 101 100
❖ In 734, value of 7 is 7 hundreds or 700 or 7 × 100 or 7 × 102
❖ In 971, value of 7 is 7 tens or 70 or 7 × 10 or 7 × 101
❖ In 207, value 0f 7 is 7 units or 7 or 7 × 1 or 7 × 100
12. Hexadecimal Number System (Base-16)
★ Uses 16 digits: 0-9 and A-F (where A=10, B=11, C=12, & so on till F).
★ It is often used in computing to represent binary values more concisely. Four
binary digits (bits) can be represented by a single hexadecimal digit.
★ For example, binary 1100 is represented as C in hexadecimal.
27FB16 = 2×163 + 7×162 + 15×161 + 10×160
= 8192 + 1792 + 240 +10
= 1023410
115 114 113 112 111 110
13. Number System Relationship
HEXADECIMAL DECIMAL OCTAL BINARY
0 0 0 0000
1 1 1 0001
2 2 2 0010
3 3 3 0011
4 4 4 0100
5 5 5 0101
6 6 6 0110
7 7 7 0111
HEXADECIMAL DECIMAL OCTAL BINARY
8 8 10 1000
9 9 11 1001
A 10 12 1010
B 11 13 1011
C 12 14 1100
D 13 15 1101
E 14 16 1110
F 15 17 1111
14. ASCII
ASCII, which stands for "American Standard Code for Information Interchange"
A computer understand all the letters, punctuation marks, math symbols, and special
signs used in English. When you put them all together, they're called alphanumeric
codes.
ASCII is a 7-bit code that has 128 (27) possible codes.
15. Here are the key points about ASCII:
★ 26 upper case letters
★ 26 lower case letters
★ 10 digits
★ 7 punctuation marks
★ 20 to 40 special characters
16. ASCII Code - Character to Binary
0 0011 0000
1 0011 0001
2 0011 0010
3 0011 0011
4 0011 0100
5 0011 0101
6 0011 0110
7 0011 0110
8 0011 1000
9 0011 1001
A 0100 0001
B 0100 0010
C 0100 0011
D 0100 0100
E 0100 0101
F 0100 0110
G 0100 0111
H 0100 1000
I 0100 1001
J 0100 1010
K 0100 1011
L 0100 1100
M 0100 1101
N 0100 1110
O 0100 1111
P 0101 0000
Q 0101 0001
R 0101 0010
S 0101 0011
T 0101 0100
U 0101 0101
V 0101 0110
W 0101 0111
X 0101 1000
Y 0101 1001
Z 0101 1010
a 0110 0001
b 0110 0010
c 0110 0011
d 0110 0100
e 0110 0101
f 0110 0110
g 0110 0110
h 0110 1000
i 0110 1001
j 0110 1010
17. k 0110 1011
l 0110 1100
m 0110 1101
n 0110 1110
o 0110 1111
p 0111 0000
q 0111 0001
r 0111 0010
s 0111 0011
t 0111 0100
u 0111 0101
v 0111 0110
w 0111 0111
x 0111 1000
y 0111 1001
z 0111 1010
: 0011 1010
; 0011 1011
? 0011 1111
. 0010 1110
, 0010 1111
! 0010 0001
‘ 0010 1100
“ 0010 0010
( 0010 1000
) 0010 1001
space 0010 0000
18. ISCII
★ Stands for Indian Script Code for Information Interchange.
★ Developed to support Indian languages on computer.
★ Supported Languages: Devanagari, Tamil, Bangla, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Tamil,
Telugu, etc.
★ mostly used by government departments and before it could catch on, a new
universal encoding standard called Unicode was introduced.
19. UNICODE
★ Purpose: Unicode is like a universal language for computers, designed to work
with all kinds of writing systems.
★ Unique Codes: Each letter, symbol, or character gets its very own number, which
is different from the old ways where different systems could clash.
★ No Conflicts: Unicode's goal is to give a special number to every character, no
matter what computer or program you're using, and regardless of the language.
It's like a common code that everyone can understand.