There are several number systems that can be used to represent numbers, which can be categorized as positional or non-positional. Commonly used positional systems include decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. Different systems use different bases and symbols to represent values. Numbers can be converted between systems using techniques like successive division, weighted multiplication, or grouping bits. Understanding different number systems is important for both humans and computers.
A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It can be seen as the context that allows the symbols "11" to be interpreted as the binary symbol for three, the decimal symbol for eleven, or a symbol for other numbers in different bases.
Logic Circuits Design - "Chapter 1: Digital Systems and Information"Ra'Fat Al-Msie'deen
Logic Circuits Design: This material is based on chapter 1 of “Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals” by M. Morris Mano, Charles R. Kime and Tom Martin
SEAN CASEY ANIMAL RESCUE IS A 501(C)(3) NOT-FOR-PROFIT, NO-KILL RESCUE & SHELTER
FED ID: 35-2244558
We specialize in the rescue, rehabilitation and placement of dogs, cats, reptiles, amphibians, birds and small mammals.
MISSION: The purpose of this endeavor is to aid unfortunate animals in the interest of a higher quality of life. We take in rescued, confiscated, neglected, injured, ill, unmanageable, or otherwise unwanted animals from private owners, zoos, shelters, and other public organizations. These animals are cared for, and/or rehabilitated to the best of our ability and means until which time they can be found healthy, happy homes–whether it be through adoption to qualified candidates or legally released into habitats suitable to the specific species in conjunction with licensed wildlife rehabilitators.
A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. It can be seen as the context that allows the symbols "11" to be interpreted as the binary symbol for three, the decimal symbol for eleven, or a symbol for other numbers in different bases.
Logic Circuits Design - "Chapter 1: Digital Systems and Information"Ra'Fat Al-Msie'deen
Logic Circuits Design: This material is based on chapter 1 of “Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals” by M. Morris Mano, Charles R. Kime and Tom Martin
SEAN CASEY ANIMAL RESCUE IS A 501(C)(3) NOT-FOR-PROFIT, NO-KILL RESCUE & SHELTER
FED ID: 35-2244558
We specialize in the rescue, rehabilitation and placement of dogs, cats, reptiles, amphibians, birds and small mammals.
MISSION: The purpose of this endeavor is to aid unfortunate animals in the interest of a higher quality of life. We take in rescued, confiscated, neglected, injured, ill, unmanageable, or otherwise unwanted animals from private owners, zoos, shelters, and other public organizations. These animals are cared for, and/or rehabilitated to the best of our ability and means until which time they can be found healthy, happy homes–whether it be through adoption to qualified candidates or legally released into habitats suitable to the specific species in conjunction with licensed wildlife rehabilitators.
We require all minors to be accompanied on their walks with an adult. (1:1 ratio)
Dog walkers cannot go on walks in groups.
All dog walkers must walk each individual dog separately. This is to ensure the safety of our animals and volunteers.
When inside the facility, we can accept one school/program monitor per 5 minors. (1:5 ratio)
We will need a list of names & ages of the group, plus the names and contact information for each monitor.
If you're interested in getting involved with other animal care tasks, you can fill out the Volunteer Application and attend one of our Volunteer Orientations where we'll show you the proper way to handle the animals and assist with several of the daily tasks of caring for our animals. Our Volunteer Orientations are held every 2nd & 4th Thursday of the month at our Windsor Terrace location: 153 East 3rd Street, Brooklyn NY 11218 from 7:00-8:00 pm.
We have 2 locations...
-Windsor Terrace: 153 E 3rd Street, Brooklyn NY 11218
-Sunset Park: 551 39th Street, Brooklyn NY 11232
Both locations are open 11 AM to 7 PM. daily.
Numeral Systems: Positional and Non-Positional
Conversions between Positional Numeral Systems: Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal
Representation of Numbers in Computer Memory
Exercises: Conversion between Different Numeral Systems
Number System, Conversion, Decimal to Binary, Decimal to Octal, Decimal to Binary, Decimal to HexaDecimal, Binary to Decimal, Octal to Decimal, Hexadecimal to Decimal, Binary to Octal, Binary to Hexadecimal, Octal to Hexadecimal, BCD, Binary Addition
Inductive programming incorporates all approaches which are concerned with learning programs or algorithms from incomplete (formal) specifications. Possible inputs in an IP system are a set of training inputs and corresponding outputs or an output evaluation function, describing the desired behavior of the intended program, traces or action sequences which describe the process of calculating specific outputs, constraints for the program to be induced concerning its time efficiency or its complexity, various kinds of background knowledge such as standard data types, predefined functions to be used, program schemes or templates describing the data flow of the intended program, heuristics for guiding the search for a solution or other biases.
Output of an IP system is a program in some arbitrary programming language containing conditionals and loop or recursive control structures, or any other kind of Turing-complete representation language.
In many applications the output program must be correct with respect to the examples and partial specification, and this leads to the consideration of inductive programming as a special area inside automatic programming or program synthesis, usually opposed to 'deductive' program synthesis, where the specification is usually complete.
In other cases, inductive programming is seen as a more general area where any declarative programming or representation language can be used and we may even have some degree of error in the examples, as in general machine learning, the more specific area of structure mining or the area of symbolic artificial intelligence. A distinctive feature is the number of examples or partial specification needed. Typically, inductive programming techniques can learn from just a few examples.
The diversity of inductive programming usually comes from the applications and the languages that are used: apart from logic programming and functional programming, other programming paradigms and representation languages have been used or suggested in inductive programming, such as functional logic programming, constraint
programming, probabilistic programming
Research on the inductive synthesis of recursive functional programs started in the early 1970s and was brought onto firm theoretical foundations with the seminal THESIS system of Summers[6] and work of Biermann.[7] These approaches were split into two phases: first, input-output examples are transformed into non-recursive programs (traces) using a small set of basic operators; second, regularities in the traces are searched for and used to fold them into a recursive program. The main results until the mid 1980s are surveyed by Smith.[8] Due to
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. A number system defines how a number can
be represented using distinct symbols. A
number can be represented differently in
different system.
Several number systems have been used in
the past and can be categorized into two
groups: positional and non-positional
systems.
3. Roman numerals are a good example of a
non-positional number system. This number
system has a set of symbols
S = {I, V, X, L, C, D, M}. The values of each
symbol are shown in Table.
4. To find the value of a number, we need to
add the value of symbols subject to specific
rules
5. In positional number system, there are only
few symbols called digits, and these symbols
represent different values depending on the
position they occupy in the number.
Commonly used number systems are:
Decimal
Binary
Octal
Hexadecimal
6. Why do we need more number systems?
• Humans understand decimal
• Digital electronics (computers) understand binary
• Since computers have 32, 64, and even 128 bit
busses, displaying numbers in binary is cumbersome
• Data on a 32 bit data bus would look like the
following:
0110 1001 0111 0001 0011 0100 1100 1010
• Hexadecimal (base 16) and octal (base 8) number
systems are used to represent binary data in a more
compact form.
7. The word decimal is a derivative of decem,
which is the Latin word for ten.
The number system that we use day-to-day life
is called the Decimal number system.
The most popular & commonly used number
system is the Decimal number system as it
supports the entire mathematical & accounting
concept in the world.
The base is equal to ten because there are
altogether ten digits (1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)10
8. The binary number system uses two digits to
represent numbers, the values are 0 & 1. This
numbering system is sometime called the Base 2
numbering system (0,1).
Binary digit is often referred to by the common
abbreviation BIT. Thus, a “bit” in a computer
terminology means either a 0 or a 1.
This number system is natural to an electronic
machines or devices as their mechanism based on the
OFF or ON switching of the circuits.
Therefore, 0 represent the OFF & 1 represent ON
state of the circuit.
9. The octal number system uses eight values to
represent numbers. The values are (0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7)8 and the base of this system is
eight.
10. The hexadecimal number system has 16-
digits or symbols (hexa means six & decimal
means 10 so sum is sixteen) are (0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5,6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F)16, so it has the
base 16.
This system uses numerical values from 0 to
9 & alphabets from A to F.
Alphabets A to F represent decimal numbers
from 10 to 15.
11. System Base Symbols
Used by
humans?
Used in
computers?
Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No No
Hexa-
decimal
16 0, 1, … 9,
A, B, … F
No No
21. Technique
Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight”
of the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting
from 0 on the right
Add the results
22. 1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Bit “0”
24. Technique
Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight”
of the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting
from 0 on the right
Add the results
25. 7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
27. Technique
Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight”
of the bit
The weight is the position of the bit, starting
from 0 on the right
Add the results
28. ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12
B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
30. Technique
Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant bit)
Second remainder is bit 1
Etc.
58. Base 10
Power Preface Symbol
10-12 pico p
10-9 nano n
10-6 micro
10-3 milli m
103 kilo k
106 mega M
109 giga G
1012 tera T
Value
.000000000001
.000000001
.000001
.001
1000
1000000
1000000000
1000000000000
59. Base 2
Power Preface Symbol
210 kilo k
220 mega M
230 Giga G
Value
1024
1048576
1073741824
• What is the value of “k”, “M”, and “G”?
• In computing, particularly w.r.t. memory,
the base-2 interpretation generally applies
60. For common bases, add powers
26 210 = 216 = 65,536
or…
26 210 = 64 210 = 64k
ab ac = ab+c
61. Two 1-bit values
A B A + B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 10
“two”
