Biomass conversion technologies
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This document discusses biomass conversion technologies for producing energy from waste. It defines biomass as living or recently living material from plants or animals not used for food or feed. There are three main methods for thermochemical conversion of biomass: combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis. Biochemical conversion methods like anaerobic digestion can produce biogas, which can be converted to power and heat. Specific technologies covered include anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, transesterification of vegetable oils into biodiesel, and growing energy crops. The document concludes that large-scale biorefineries, improved catalysis technologies, and combined government/industry efforts can help increase the role of biomass in energy production today.
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This document discusses various types of biofuels including first, second, and third generation biofuels. First generation biofuels are made from sugar, starch, vegetable oils or animal fats. Second generation biofuels use non-food feedstocks and different extraction technologies like gasification, pyrolysis, and fermentation. Third generation biofuels are derived from algae. The document also discusses pros and cons of biofuel production such as their renewability but also potential high costs and impacts on food supply.
Role of bioenergy in energy management
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Rain and soil
This document discusses different methods for producing energy from solid waste including pyrolysis to produce biooil, composting, vermiculture, and biogas production. Pyrolysis uses high heat to break down municipal solid waste into biooil that can be used as fuel. Composting is the natural breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms into a nutrient-rich material. Vermiculture uses earthworms to break down organic waste into castings. Biogas is produced through anaerobic digestion of organic materials by bacteria and is composed primarily of methane and carbon dioxide.
Boimass the new vivacity
Biomass is Through photosynthesis plants convert sunlight energy into chemical energy.
Biomass is stored sunlight energy that can be converted to:
Electricity
Fuel
Heat
Fertilizer
Chp%3 a10.1007%2f978 1-84882-011-1-5
The document discusses biorenewable gaseous fuels, focusing on biogas produced through anaerobic digestion. It describes the multi-step anaerobic digestion process where organic materials are broken down by microorganisms into methane and carbon dioxide biogas. Key points include: Anaerobic digestion is well established and involves hydrolysis of materials into sugars and acids, followed by acetogenesis and methanogenesis to produce biogas. Biogas can be processed and used as an energy source, though it also contains impurities. Maintaining proper temperature, pH and nutrient levels is important for optimal microbial activity in anaerobic digestion.
Generation of electricity
This document summarizes different methods for generating electricity from surplus biomass, including direct combustion, thermal gasification, and fast pyrolysis. Direct combustion involves burning biomass directly to heat water and create steam to power turbines. Gasification converts biomass to a syngas through heating with limited oxygen. Pyrolysis rapidly heats biomass in the absence of oxygen to produce bio-oil, biochar and gases. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to efficiency, scale, and complexity. Overall, generating electricity from surplus biomass provides social benefits by increasing energy independence and fuel diversity.
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Biomass conversion technologies
- 1. Biomass Conversion Technologies ENERGY FROM WASTE ASHISH KUMAR THAKUR 16951A0522
- 2. What is Biomass? 1. All living and recently living organisms(Dinosaur), animal/plant waste, industrial and municipal waste. 2. Categories:- Biofuels, Biopower, Bioproducts 3. Biomass is waste material from plants or animals that is not used for food or feed; it can be waste from farming (like wheat stalks) or horticulture (yard waste), food processing (like corn cobs), animal farming (manure rich in nitrogen and phosphorus), or human waste from sewage plants
- 5. Waste to energy ||Energy to waste conversion
- 6. Thermochemical Conversion The three principal methods of thermochemical conversion are combustion in excess air, gasification in reduced air, and pyrolysis in the absence of air. The most common technique for producing both heat and electrical energy from household wastes is direct combustion.
- 7. Biochemical Conversion Biochemical processes, like anaerobic digestion, can also produce clean energy in the form of biogas which can be converted to power and heat using a gas engine. Anaerobic digestion is the natural biological process which stabilizes organic waste in the absence of air and transforms it into biofertilizer and biogas.
- 11. Plant matter – Hemicellulose, Cellulose, lignin Pretreatment Hydrolysis Sugar Fermentation
- 12. Pyrolysis ==>Heavy oil 1. Absence of oxygen 2. Thermal degradation 3. Liquid pyrolysis oil
- 13. Anaerobic Digestion 1. Biogas Platform - Methane 2. Decomposition - microorganisms 3. Anaerobic Digesters 4. Main Processes 5. Uses wastes and turns into valuable compost
- 14. Transesterification 1. “Biodiesel” Platform 2. Takes vegetable oil, animal fat, or grease into biodiesel – fatty acid methyl ester 3. Base catalyzed of the oil with alcohol, direct acid catalyzed, and conversion of the oil to fatty acids and then to alkyl esters with acid catalysts
- 15. Energy Crops 1. Specific purpose of producing energy 2. switchgrass, willow, poplar 3. Selective breeding, genetic engineering
- 16. Biomass Today 1. Construction of large-scale Biorefineries 2. Improved Catalysis Technology: => High Selectivity => Less Energy Intensive Conditions => Reduction of Unit Operations 3. Combined Government and Industry Efforts
- 17. Thank You