The document discusses lithium-ion batteries, including their development history and key components. It notes that lithium-ion batteries were first proposed in the 1970s and improved in the 1980s-1990s through work by M.S.Whittingham, John Goodenough, and Akira Yoshino. A lithium-ion battery has three main layers: a cathode, anode, and separator, with an electrolyte solution. During charging, lithium ions pass through the separator to the anode, and during discharging they pass to the cathode. The document outlines advantages like high energy density and disadvantages like cost. It concludes that lithium-ion technology is key to enabling electric vehicles like Tesla's products.

2. KIRAN QAMAR KAYANI
2016-AG-1915

3. DEVELOPMENT OF LITHIUM-ION
BATTERY
Presentation On

4. BATTERIES
Devices that transform chemical energy into electricity
• Every battery consist of
 Positive Cathode (+)
 Negative Anode (-)
 Electrolyte

5. a. PRIMARY BATTERIES
Chargeable battery
Non-reversible electrochemical
reaction
Alkaline Batteries
Mercury Batteries

6. b. SECONDARY BATTERIES
 Rechargeable battery
 Reversible electrochemical reaction
Lead-Acid batteries
Lithium Ion battery

7. LITHIUM ION BATTERY
 Rechargeable battery
 Greatest electrochemical
potential
 High energy density
 Lighter in weight
 Li-ion

8. SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND
 It was first proposed by M.S.Whittingham
(1970) used TiS2 as the cathode and Lithium
metal as the anode.
 In the 1980s, John B. Goodenough used cobalt
oxide as cathode.
 In 1991s, Akira Yoshino replaced lithium with
petroleum coke drew Li-ions towards it.
M.S.Whittingham, John B. Goodenough and Akira
Yoshino share the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
“for the development of lithium-ion batteries”.

9. CONSTRUCTION OF LI-ION BATTERY
 Li-ion cell has a four-layer structure

10. BASIC STRUCTURE
A lithium-ion battery has a three-layer construction with a separator. This
structure is immersed in an electrolyte solution and sealed in a metal casing.

12. WORKING OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERY
a. Charging:
Lithium ions pass
through the separator to
the carbon negative
electrode material,
resulting in a charging
current flow.

13. b. Discharging:
Lithium ions in the
carbon negative
electrode pass through
the separator to positive
electrode resulting in a
discharging current flow.
WORKING OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERY

14. WORKING OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERY

15. ADVANTAGES OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERY
 High energy density
 Self-discharge
 Low maintenance
 No requirement for
priming
 Variety of types
available

16. DISADVANTAGES OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERY
 Protection required
 Ageing
 Transportation
 Cost
 Immature technology

17. FUTURE : TESLA MOTORS
“It is definitely true that the fundamental enabling technology for
electric cars is lithium-ion as a cell chemistry technology. In the
absence of that, I don't think it's possible to make an electric car
that is competitive with a gasoline car.”
-Elon Musk, CEO, Tesla Motors and SpaceX
Tesla Model X Tesla Powertrain(Li-ion based)