types mechnism

2. ANTIBIOTICS

3. Contents
• Bacterial Infections
• What are antibiotics?
• History
• Penicillin the first miracle antibiotics
• Scheme of classification
• How do antibiotics work?
• Antibiotics by mechanism of action
• Classification
• What drugs interact with antibiotics?
• Antibiotics resistance facts
• Antibiotic usage
• Side effects of antibiotics
• How should we take antibiotics?

4. BACTERIAL
INFECTIONS
• A few bacteria can be dangerous to our
health by causing infections and even
death
• We can get them from outside the body:
Other humans, animals, food, water
• Examples of bacterial infections:
• Pneumonia
• Blood stream infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Wound infections

5. What are antibiotics?
• The word "antibiotics" comes from the
Greek anti ("against") and bios ("life").
• Medications to treat bacterial infections
• Examples of antibiotics:
Penicillin and Ciprofloxacin

6. HISTORY
• In 3500 BC
• Babylonian doctors
• Greeks
• Louis Pasteur
• Alexander Fleming
• Domagk

7. Penicillin the first miracle antibiotics
"One sometimes finds
what one is not looking
for"
(Sir Alexander Fleming)
Core structure of
penicillin Penicillium notatum

9. How do
antibiotics
work?
• Various types of antibiotics work in either of the following
two ways
• A bactericidal antibiotics
• A bacteriostatic antibiotics

10. ANTIBIOTICS
BY
MECHANISM
OF ACTION

11. Classifications
Sulfonamides
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
Quinolones

12. Antibiotic Classes
Penicillins
penicillin
amoxicillin
Cephalosporins
cephalexin(Keflex)
Sulfonamides
co-trimoxazole (Bactrim)
Fluoroquinolones
ciprofolxacin (Cipro)
levofloxacin (Levaquin)
ofloxacin (Floxin)
Tetracyclines
Tetracycline(Sumycin)
doxycycline (Vibramycin)
Aminoglycosides
gentamicin (Garamycin)
kanamycin
tobramycin(Tobrex)
Macrolides
erythromycin (E-Mycin)
azithromycin (Zithromax)
Prevents
bacteria from
making cell
walls
Inhibits
DNA
replication
Inhibits
protein
synthesis
Inhibits
Folate
synthesis

13. What drugs interact
with antibiotics?

14. Antibiotic Resistance Facts
Antibiotic resistance is the process by which
bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.
Humans can have allergic reactions to
antibiotics, but we do not become resistant
to antibiotics.

15. Antibiotic Usage
Transplants Dialysis
Suppressed Immune Systems Joint Replacements

16. Side effects of
antibiotics

17. How should we
take antibiotics?
• Ask your doctor
• Right diagnosis
• Right duration
• Status of patient
• Proper selection of drug
• Right time schedule