Fingerprints are unique impressions left by friction ridges on the fingers. They have been used for identification since the 19th century. There are various techniques to develop latent fingerprints including powdering, cyanoacrylate fuming, chemical developers like ninhydrin, and vacuum metal deposition. Fingerprints can be classified based on patterns of loops, whorls and arches. They are widely used for criminal identification, improving security through biometric authentication, and enhancing device security through automatic recognition.

2. Fingerprint Detection

3. WHAT IS A FINGERPRINT?
▪ A fingerprint is the impression
left by a finger’s friction ridges
upon contact with a surface.
▪ These fingerprints are a unique
trademark.

4. Biometric: A human generated signal or attribute
for authenticating a person’s identity Operate on
Behavioral/Physical features Physical biometric
features
1.Face
2.Fingerprint
3.Iris
4.Signature
5.voice
BIOMETERIC IDENTIFICATION

5. HISTORY
Sir William Herschel
who used fingerprints for
identification
on contracts.1858

6. o 1880 – Dr. Henry Faulds recognized the importance of
fingerprints as a means of identification.
o 1888 – Sir Francis Galton published “Finger Prints” which
discussed the anatomy of fingerprints and pattern types.
o 1897 – Sir Edward Richard Henry created another
fingerprint classification system in England that included
grouping fingerprint patterns according to arches, loops,
and whorls.The Henry System is still in use today.

7. Types of Fingerprint Obtained:
Patent prints
Latent prints
Plastic prints

8. CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
1. Powder Method
 Consist of a pigment and a binder.
 The pigment helps to provide
contrast, whereas the binder helps
the powder adhere to the print.
 Pigments are colloidal carbon
particles, or flakes of metals including
aluminum, zinc, and copper.
 Common binders are gum arabic,
iron powder, and rosin.

9. 2. Cyanoacrylate Fuming
• This techniques is of particular use for
rough, non-porous surfaces.
• The cyanoacrylate polymer is colorless, it
can be visualized more easily using powder
after fuming has been carried out.

10. • Most commonly used chemical developer
is ninhydrin.
• Ninhydrin was discovered in 1910 by
Siegfried Ruhemann.
• The amino acids in the fingerprint react
with ninhydrin producing Ruhemann’s
purple color.
3. Chemical Developers

11. 4. Vacuum Metal Deposition (VMD)
 VMD is the physical process of coating
evidence with very a thin metal film under
high vacuum.
 Gold, Zinc , Silver,Tin, Aluminum, and
some alloys are used to coat the substrate.

12. Applications
Identify criminals
in crime scenes
Helps improves
security
Automatically
recognition
Enhanced device security

13. Conclusion
Fingerprints offer a reliable means of personal identification. Other visible
human characteristics, such as facial features, tend to change with age, but
fingerprints are relatively persistent .