nanoparticles

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2.  Introduction
 Drug vehicles
 Ideal characteristics of nanoparticles
 Drug release mechanisms
 Diseases controlled using nanoparticles
 Modes of administration
 Advantages
 Limitations
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3.  Particle size ranges from 10-1000nm in
diameter
 Particulate dispersions or solid particles
 A drug may be adsorbed or covalently
attached to the nanocarriers surface or it
can be encapsulated into it
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4.  Liposomes
 Polymeric nanoparticles
 Nanoparticles based on
solid lipids
 Silica nanoparticles
 Gold nanoparticles
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5.  Usually with 80-300 nm size range
composed of phospholipids and
cholestrol
 Drug is encapsulated
 Examples in liposomal formulations,
such as anticancer drugs,
neurotransmitters (serotonin),
antibiotics, anti-inflammatory etc
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6.  Diameter ranging from 10 to 100 nm
 These may be biodegradable and
non-biodegradable
 Drug may b on the surface or
incorporated
 Drug release by desorption and
diffusion
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7.  A core, dendrons and surface
active groups
 Surface functional groups
enables the interaction
 Drug may be encapsulated or
adsorbed on the surface
 Polyvalency
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8.  Solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN)
o Size 100-500nm
o Delivery medium for lipophilic
drugs
o Loading capacity limited by the
solubility of drug in lipid
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9.  Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)
o Imperfect type NLC
o Multiple type NLC
o Amorphous type NLC
 Lipid drug conjugates (LDC)
o For lipophobic drug molecules
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10.  < 50nm
 Highly porous framework
 Invading deeper parts of body
 Phenytoin, cisplatin, diclofenac,
heparin are examples of drugs
delivered by silica materials
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11.  Size 130nm
 Use for cancer treatment
 Relay on enhanced permeability and
retention effect
 Suitable for delivering enzymatic
degradation susceptible materials
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12.  Small particle size
 Controlled drug release rate
 High drug loading capacity
 Biochemically inert and non toxic
 Physically and chemically stable
 Restricted drug distribution to
normal cells
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13.  Active targeting
o Drug targeting by ultrasonic
energy and magnetic field
o Cell surface antigen should be
expressed
o Antibody and ligand as
targeting moiety
o Receptor-mediated endocytosis
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14.  Passive targeting
o Physical targeting
o Direct drug injection and
catheterization
o Spontaneous drug
accumulation in areas with
leaky vasculature
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16.  Cancer
o Ethylene glycol molecules attach to
nanoparticles that deliver therapeutic
drugs
o Or coating nanoparticles with
membrane from RBCs
o Photosensitizing agents
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17.  Heart diseases
o Clot busting
o Inflamed tissue such as arterial plaque
 Diabetic mellitus
o Nanoparticles contain both insulin and an
enzyme
 Autoimmune diseases
o Nanoparticles deliver antigens
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18.  Neurologic disorders
o Cross the blood brain barrier(BBB)
 Aging
o The contents of the nanoparticle released
when an enzyme found in aging cells is
present
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19.  Oral
 Intravenous
 Transdermal
 Pulmonary
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20.  Controlled and sustained release
 No wastage of drug
 No side effects
 Provide comfort and compliance
 Longer circulation half-lives
 High cell uptake
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21.  Expensive
 Small size and large surface area can
lead to particle aggregation
 Limited drug loading
 Highly sophisticated technology
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