The document discusses the design of new cathode materials for secondary lithium ion batteries. It provides background on the development of batteries over time and describes the basic components and operation of lithium ion batteries. Current commercially used cathode materials like lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium iron phosphate are described. Research aims to develop new cathode materials with improved properties like higher energy density, longer lifespan, lower cost, and environmental friendliness. Promising candidates include olivine-based phosphates and transition metal oxides.
A lithium-ion battery (sometimes Li-ion battery or LIB) is a member of a family of rechargeable battery types in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as one electrode material, compared to the metallic lithium used in a non-rechargeable lithium battery. The electrolyte, which allows for ionic movement, and the two electrodes are the constituent components of a lithium-ion battery cell.
A lithium-ion battery (sometimes Li-ion battery or LIB) is a member of a family of rechargeable battery types in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as one electrode material, compared to the metallic lithium used in a non-rechargeable lithium battery. The electrolyte, which allows for ionic movement, and the two electrodes are the constituent components of a lithium-ion battery cell.
This presentation includes all the information regarding polymer batteries, lithium polymer batteries. Including animations and transitions this PowerPoint presentation is enough for you to understand all about Polymer batteries and cells.
Status of Rechargeable Li-ion Battery Industry 2019 by Yole DéveloppementYole Developpement
E-mobility continues strongly driving the Li-ion battery demand.
More information on https://www.i-micronews.com/products/status-of-rechargeable-li-ion-battery-industry-2019/
This document is about the Importance of Energy Storage, how to the energy can be stored and the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of Energy storage elements
High energy and capacity cathode material for li ion battriesNatraj Hulsure
Recent development in cathode materials for li-ion batteries drag the industries view towards it due to their high discharge rate compare to older ones.
This presentation includes all the information regarding polymer batteries, lithium polymer batteries. Including animations and transitions this PowerPoint presentation is enough for you to understand all about Polymer batteries and cells.
Status of Rechargeable Li-ion Battery Industry 2019 by Yole DéveloppementYole Developpement
E-mobility continues strongly driving the Li-ion battery demand.
More information on https://www.i-micronews.com/products/status-of-rechargeable-li-ion-battery-industry-2019/
This document is about the Importance of Energy Storage, how to the energy can be stored and the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of Energy storage elements
High energy and capacity cathode material for li ion battriesNatraj Hulsure
Recent development in cathode materials for li-ion batteries drag the industries view towards it due to their high discharge rate compare to older ones.
Title: Advancements in Electrode Materials for Automotive Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract:
The automotive industry is rapidly transitioning towards electric propulsion systems to mitigate environmental impacts and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. Central to this shift are advancements in battery technology, particularly in electrode materials, which play a critical role in determining battery performance, energy density, and lifespan. This comprehensive review explores the latest developments in electrode materials for automotive batteries, encompassing lithium-ion, solid-state, and beyond lithium-ion technologies. We delve into the fundamental principles governing electrode material selection, discuss current challenges, and analyze emerging trends such as silicon-based anodes, sulfur cathodes, and solid electrolytes. Through an extensive examination of recent research and commercial developments, we provide insights into the future direction of electrode materials for automotive batteries, highlighting key areas for further research and innovation.
1. Introduction:
- Overview of the importance of electrode materials in automotive batteries
- Transition towards electric vehicles (EVs) and the role of batteries
- Purpose and scope of the review
2. Fundamentals of Battery Electrodes:
- Electrochemical principles underlying battery operation
- Role of electrodes in battery performance
- Requirements for automotive applications: energy density, power density, longevity, and safety
3. Lithium-Ion Batteries:
- Overview of lithium-ion battery architecture
- Current electrode materials: graphite anodes, lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), etc.
- Challenges and limitations: capacity degradation, safety concerns, resource availability
- Recent advancements in electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries
4. Beyond Lithium-Ion Batteries:
- Need for higher energy density and sustainability
- Emerging alternatives: lithium-sulfur (Li-S), lithium-air (Li-O2), sodium-ion (Na-ion), potassium-ion (K-ion) batteries
- Electrode materials for non-lithium systems: sulfur cathodes, sodium-ion anodes, etc.
- Comparative analysis of different beyond lithium-ion technologies
5. Silicon-Based Anodes:
- Potential of silicon as a high-capacity anode material
- Challenges: volume expansion, cycling stability, Coulombic efficiency
- Strategies to mitigate silicon anode limitations: nanostructuring, alloying, coatings
- Progress in commercialization and integration into automotive batteries
6. Solid-State Batteries:
- Advantages of solid-state electrolytes over liquid electrolytes
- Materials for solid-state electrolytes: sulfides, oxides, polymers
- Solid-state electrode materials: lithium metal, sulfides, etc.
- Recent breakthroughs in solid-state battery technology and their implications for automotive applications
7. Challenges and Opportunities:
- Scalability
The Most Complete Interpretation of Anode Materials Standards for Lithium-ion...etekware
To promote the healthy development of the lithium industry, China has successively promulgated relevant standards since 2009, involving raw materials, products and testing methods. Specifically, it proposes specific indicators for each parameter and the corresponding testing methods, which guided the production and application of anode materials. The types of anode materials in practical application are concentrated (graphite and Li4Ti5O12), related to four standards. Now, there are six standards under development or revision, indicating that the variety of anode materials has increased and new standards are needed to regulate their development. This article will focus on the main points of the four promulgated standards.
Interpretation of Anode Materials Standards for Lithium-ion Batteries.pdfETEK1
With many advantages, such as high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge,
no memory effect and environmental friendliness, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been
widely used in consumer electronics, such as smartphones, smart bracelets, digital cameras
and laptops, with the strongest consumer demand. At the same time, it is promoted in the
markets of pure electric, hybrid electric and extended-range electric vehicles, with the fastest
market share growth. LIBs are also gaining momentum in large-scale energy storage
applications, such as power grid peak regulation, household power distribution and
communication base stations
Lithium Iron Phosphate: Olivine Material for High Power Li-Ion Batteries - Cr...CrimsonPublishersRDMS
Lithium Iron Phosphate: Olivine Material for High Power Li-Ion Batteries by Christian M Julien* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
1. DESIGN OF NEW CATHODE
MATERIALS FOR SECONDARY
LITHIUM BATTERIES
E. Sivanagi Reddy
2. Index
Introduction
Battery – Timeline
Applications of batteries
Secondary Lithium ion battery
Structure of battery
Cathode materials
Advances in cathode materials
Promising cathode materials
conclusion
3. Introduction
Beginning with the ‘frog-leg experiment’ by
Galvani (1786), followed by the
demonstrations of Volta pile by Volta (1792)
and lead-acid accumulator by Plante
(1859), several battery chemistries have been
developed and realized commercially
4. Battery
A battery is a transducer that converts
chemical energy into electrical energy and
vice versa.
It contains
An anode - source
A cathode - sink
An electrolyte - the separation of ionic
transport and electronic transport
7. Types of batteries
Primary batteries are disposable because their
electrochemical reaction cannot be reversed.
ΔG negative (irreversible)
Secondary batteries are rechargeable, because their
electrochemical reaction can be reversed by
applying a certain voltage to the battery in the
opposite direction of the discharge.
ΔG negative, discharge
ΔG positive, charge
8. Comparison of the volumetric and
gravimetric energy density with other
batteries
9.
10. Lithium ion batteries
The name of “lithium ion battery” was
given by T. Nagaura and K. Tozawa
The concept of “lithium ion battery”
was firstly introduced by Asahi Kasei
Co. Ltd
Lithium ion batteries were first proposed
by M. S. Whittingham in the 1970’s.
Whittingham used TiS2 as the cathode
and Lithium metal as the anode.
11. Lithium ion secondary
Batteries
The lithium ion battery (LIB) system has been
most successful in recent development of battery.
Li is lightest metal and has one of the highest
standard reduction potentials (-3.0 V)
Theoretical specific capacity of 3860 Ah/kg in
comparison with 820 Ah/kg for Zn and 260 Ah/kg
for Pb
12. Lithium ion secondary
batteries
The first commercial lithium-ion battery was
released by Sony in 1991
Battery performance is related not only capacity
but also to how fast current can be drawn from it:
specific energy (Wh/Kg), energy density (Wh/cm3)
and power density (W/Kg)
14. Upon charging, lithium ions are released by the cathode and
intercalated at the anode.
When the cell is discharged, lithium ions are extracted by the
cathode and inserted into the anode.
15. Advantages of Lithium-ion batteries
POWER – High energy density means greater power
in a smaller package.
◦ 160% greater than NiMH
◦ 220% greater than NiCd
HIGHER VOLTAGE – a strong current
allows it to power complex mechanical
devices.
LONG SHELF-LIFE – only 5% discharge
loss per month.
10% for NiMH, 20% for NiCd
16. Disadvantages of Lithium-ion batteries
EXPENSIVE -- 40% more than NiCd
DELICATE -- battery temperature must be monitored
from within (which raises the price), and sealed
particularly well
REGULATIONS -- when shipping Lithium-ion
batteries in bulk (which also raises the price)
◦ Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material
◦ UN Manual of Tests and Criteria
17. Electrolytes
Role
1) ion conductor between cathode and anode
2) generally, Lithium salt dissolved in organic solvent
3) solid electrolyte is also possible if the ion conductivity is high at
operating temperature.
Requirement
1) Inert
2) High ionic conductivity, low viscosity
3) low melting point
4) Appropriate concentration of Lithium salt
5) Chemical/thermal stability
6) Low cost
7) Environmental -friendly, non-toxic
Commercial electrolytes: LiPF6 in Carbonate solvent
18. Anode materials
Requirements
1) Large capability of Lithium adsorption
2) High efficiency of charge/discharge
3) Excellent cyclability
4) Low reactivity against electrolyte
5) Fast reaction rate
6) Low cost
8) Environmental -friendly, non-toxic
Commercial anode materials:
Hard Carbon, Graphite
19. cathodematerials
One facet of battery research in which there have
been many interesting discoveries is the area of
cathodes
A cathode is the electrode of an electrochemical
cell at which reduction occurs
Common cathode materials of Lithium-ion
batteries are the transition metal oxide based
compounds such as
LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2, LiFePO4
20. Desired characteristics of cathode
materials
A high discharge voltage
Li
A high energy capacity Co
c
O
A long cycle life
A high power density
Light weight
a
Low self-discharge LiCoO2
Absence of environmentally
hazardous elements
21. Parameters effecting Cathode behavior
Method of preparation
Particle size
Morphology
Oxygen Deficiency
Temperature
24. Structures of cathode materials
Structures of different cathode materials for lithium ion batteries:
a) LiCoO 2 layered structure
b) LiMn2O4 spinel structure and
c)LiFePO4 olivine structure.
The green circles are lithium ions, Li+
25. LiFePO4 Advantages
1.Good Structural Stability--Safety, long life
2 . Fe and Phosphates are abundant-Low
cost
3 . Environmentally friendly-non toxic
elements
Disadvantages
a. LiFePO4 Structure 1.Slow Lithium-ion diffusion
2.Low electronic conductivity
Symmetry : 3.Lower power capability
Orthorhombic
28. Ways to Improve Cathode Performance
• Increasing Energy Density
• Investigate high voltage cathodes that can deliver all the
Lithium in the structure will improve energy density
• Thin nano-plate materials seem to offer more energy at
higher rate
• 30 nm LiFePO4 nano-plates performed better than thick
material
• Meso porous LiMn2O4 is another material where there is
reduced manganese dissolution
• Surface Coating of cathodes with either ionically or
electronically conductive material
• AlF3 coating on oxide materials is shown to improve
performance
29. Recent advances in lithium ion
battery cathode materials
Composite Cathode Material for Lithium-ion
Batteries Based on LiFePO4 System
Some transition metal (oxy)phosphates and
vanadium oxides for lithium batteries
Nanostructured cathode materials
30. Problems in the usage of Cathode materials
Raw material cost and environmental impact of
large-scale cells and mass production
Production cost of solid-state synthesis using high
and long heating process
Oxygen release and heat generation from the
cathode in a fully charged state
Sensitivity of safety for charge cutoff voltages
Sensitivity of cathode performance for
stoichiometry
Low practical capacity of the cathode being half
that of a carbonaceous anode
31. Next generation cathodes
Most abundant is iron, with stable trivalent state
Second most abundant is titanium, with stable
tetravalent state
Vanadium, with wide valence change (V 2+ –V 5+ )
Molybdenum, with wide valence change (Mo 4+ –
Mo 6+ )
32. Potential Cathode Materials
1. Olivine based phosphates systems (LiMPO4 where M = Mn, Ni) that
can deliver more Lithium as compared to the conventional material
LiCoO2
2. Only very few groups have synthesized LiMnPO4 successfully
and this system has a potential around 4.3 V
3. LiNiPO4 has a potential around 5.5V. It is believed that Li+ diffusion
coefficient is quite high in nickel phosphate in the range 10-5 m2/s at
around room temperature. It should have high thermal stability
because the oxygen is covalently bound in the structure
4. Novel approaches for synthesis of nanostructured olivine's are required
to enhance both ionic and electronic conductivity
5. LiMn2O4 may be another potential candidate material if the Mn
dissolution can be suppressed
◦ Mesoporous oxide with coating may stabilize Mn oxide
33. Structures of some promising materials
Structures of LiFePO4 and FePO4, quartz-like
FePO4, Li3Fe2(PO4)3, Lipscombite
Fe1.33FePO4(OH), LiFePO4(OH), H2VOPO4 and H2MnOPO4, e-VOPO4 and
Li2VOPO4. PO4 tetrahedra are golden, FeO6 and VO6 octahedra are
blue, FeO4 tetrahedra are green and lithium atoms are green
34. Conclusions and what does the future
hold
In present day common Lithium transition compounds such as
LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4 are used as cathode
material in battery cell production, and they have shown a good
performance during charge and discharge cycling
For the future there are still a number of actions of interest to
further develop the performance of derived LiFePO4/C cathode
material
We expect upcoming researches on this new framework will lead to
better cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries