Presentation delivered by Dr. Wolfgang Pfeiffer (HarvestPlus, Colombia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
1) Zinc and iron deficiencies affect approximately 2 billion people globally and are a major cause of malnutrition, particularly in developing countries where cereal-based diets provide most calories.
2) Biofortification through agronomic practices such as fertilization can increase micronutrient concentrations in crops and provide a potentially sustainable solution. Application of zinc-containing fertilizers to the soil and foliage has been shown to reliably increase zinc levels in grains across multiple countries.
3) Foliar application of zinc at different crop growth stages affects the distribution and concentration of zinc deposited in different grain tissues. Higher nitrogen fertilization can also influence grain zinc and iron concentrations.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on biofortification in wheat. It defines biofortification as breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. It discusses the global problem of micronutrient deficiencies. It then focuses on biofortification efforts in wheat, describing the genetic background and breeding strategies used, such as using wild relatives of wheat with higher zinc and iron levels. The document outlines the inheritance of zinc, iron, and protein in wheat and provides details on the location of these nutrients in wheat grains. It concludes that conventional breeding is a more sustainable approach to reduce micronutrient deficiencies through biofortified wheat.
Agronomic biofortification of crops with zinc and iron by Vajinder Pal Kalravajinder kalra
1) Agronomic biofortification involves applying zinc and iron containing fertilizers to soil and plant leaves to increase the micronutrient content of food crops. Over 2 billion people worldwide are deficient in zinc and iron.
2) Common staple crops like rice and wheat naturally contain low amounts of zinc (10-40 mg/kg) which is insufficient to meet human zinc requirements. Applying zinc fertilizers can increase the zinc content of crop grains to 40-60 mg/kg.
3) Field studies found that applying zinc through soil or foliar methods increased the zinc concentration in wheat and maize grains compared to no zinc application. Combined soil and foliar application resulted in highest zinc concentrations.
“Bio-fortification options/success story - wheat”, presented by Arun Kumar Joshi, CIMMYT at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
This document discusses biofortification as a process to improve the nutritional value of crops. It defines biofortification and explains the need for it due to widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Various strategies are described to biofortify crops through conventional breeding, genetic engineering and other methods. Successful examples of biofortified crops developed for traits like iron, zinc and vitamin A are provided. The document also outlines organizations working on biofortification and future challenges in the field.
Modern agriculture has been largely successful in meeting the food needs for ever increasing population in developing countries. On the contrary, malnutrition, especially Fe and Zn continue to pose a very serious constraint not only to human health as well economic development of nation that might formerly have got unnoticed. Besides, the micronutrient deficiencies are becoming increasingly common in agriculture as a result of higher levels of removal by ever-more-productive crops combined with breeding for higher yields, at the expense of micronutrient acquisition efficiency (Havlinet al., 2014).Therefore, agriculture must now focus on a new paradigm that will not only produce more food, but deliver better quality food as well.
Breeding for biofortification in cereals.Ashwani Kumar
Breeding cereals for biofortification can help address widespread micronutrient deficiencies. Variability exists among crop varieties for iron and zinc content. Pearl millet varieties with 10-30% higher iron and zinc have been developed through breeding. For rice, high zinc varieties with 35-40 μg/g zinc in polished grains have been identified. Golden rice has been developed through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene and address vitamin A deficiency. Wheat breeding draws on wild relatives and landraces to introgress genes for higher iron and zinc into elite varieties. Ongoing biofortification research and new varieties developed through conventional and molecular breeding aim to make staple crops more nutritious.
M.S. Swaminathan presents: Achieving the Zero Hunger Challenge & the Role of ...Harvest Plus
This document summarizes Prof. M S Swaminathan's keynote address at the 2nd Global Conference on Biofortification. It discusses how biofortification can help achieve the UN's Zero Hunger Challenge goal by 2025. It outlines the challenges of malnutrition in South Asia and Africa. It highlights the role of biofortified crops and varieties in addressing malnutrition. It discusses examples like high-iron pearl millet, zinc-rich rice, and genetically modified Golden Rice. The document emphasizes partnerships between public-private sectors, nutrition literacy, and measurable indicators to ensure the success of biofortification efforts.
1) Zinc and iron deficiencies affect approximately 2 billion people globally and are a major cause of malnutrition, particularly in developing countries where cereal-based diets provide most calories.
2) Biofortification through agronomic practices such as fertilization can increase micronutrient concentrations in crops and provide a potentially sustainable solution. Application of zinc-containing fertilizers to the soil and foliage has been shown to reliably increase zinc levels in grains across multiple countries.
3) Foliar application of zinc at different crop growth stages affects the distribution and concentration of zinc deposited in different grain tissues. Higher nitrogen fertilization can also influence grain zinc and iron concentrations.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on biofortification in wheat. It defines biofortification as breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. It discusses the global problem of micronutrient deficiencies. It then focuses on biofortification efforts in wheat, describing the genetic background and breeding strategies used, such as using wild relatives of wheat with higher zinc and iron levels. The document outlines the inheritance of zinc, iron, and protein in wheat and provides details on the location of these nutrients in wheat grains. It concludes that conventional breeding is a more sustainable approach to reduce micronutrient deficiencies through biofortified wheat.
Agronomic biofortification of crops with zinc and iron by Vajinder Pal Kalravajinder kalra
1) Agronomic biofortification involves applying zinc and iron containing fertilizers to soil and plant leaves to increase the micronutrient content of food crops. Over 2 billion people worldwide are deficient in zinc and iron.
2) Common staple crops like rice and wheat naturally contain low amounts of zinc (10-40 mg/kg) which is insufficient to meet human zinc requirements. Applying zinc fertilizers can increase the zinc content of crop grains to 40-60 mg/kg.
3) Field studies found that applying zinc through soil or foliar methods increased the zinc concentration in wheat and maize grains compared to no zinc application. Combined soil and foliar application resulted in highest zinc concentrations.
“Bio-fortification options/success story - wheat”, presented by Arun Kumar Joshi, CIMMYT at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
This document discusses biofortification as a process to improve the nutritional value of crops. It defines biofortification and explains the need for it due to widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Various strategies are described to biofortify crops through conventional breeding, genetic engineering and other methods. Successful examples of biofortified crops developed for traits like iron, zinc and vitamin A are provided. The document also outlines organizations working on biofortification and future challenges in the field.
Modern agriculture has been largely successful in meeting the food needs for ever increasing population in developing countries. On the contrary, malnutrition, especially Fe and Zn continue to pose a very serious constraint not only to human health as well economic development of nation that might formerly have got unnoticed. Besides, the micronutrient deficiencies are becoming increasingly common in agriculture as a result of higher levels of removal by ever-more-productive crops combined with breeding for higher yields, at the expense of micronutrient acquisition efficiency (Havlinet al., 2014).Therefore, agriculture must now focus on a new paradigm that will not only produce more food, but deliver better quality food as well.
Breeding for biofortification in cereals.Ashwani Kumar
Breeding cereals for biofortification can help address widespread micronutrient deficiencies. Variability exists among crop varieties for iron and zinc content. Pearl millet varieties with 10-30% higher iron and zinc have been developed through breeding. For rice, high zinc varieties with 35-40 μg/g zinc in polished grains have been identified. Golden rice has been developed through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene and address vitamin A deficiency. Wheat breeding draws on wild relatives and landraces to introgress genes for higher iron and zinc into elite varieties. Ongoing biofortification research and new varieties developed through conventional and molecular breeding aim to make staple crops more nutritious.
M.S. Swaminathan presents: Achieving the Zero Hunger Challenge & the Role of ...Harvest Plus
This document summarizes Prof. M S Swaminathan's keynote address at the 2nd Global Conference on Biofortification. It discusses how biofortification can help achieve the UN's Zero Hunger Challenge goal by 2025. It outlines the challenges of malnutrition in South Asia and Africa. It highlights the role of biofortified crops and varieties in addressing malnutrition. It discusses examples like high-iron pearl millet, zinc-rich rice, and genetically modified Golden Rice. The document emphasizes partnerships between public-private sectors, nutrition literacy, and measurable indicators to ensure the success of biofortification efforts.
the third world countries are having the issue of hidden hunger or micronutrient deficiency. harvest plus is a CGIAR initiative with a mission of eradication of hidden hunger by 2020. the biofortification programmes are gaining their pace due to this organization.
Bio fortification for Enhanced Nutrition in Rice by Conventional and Molecula...Sathisha TN
Micronutrient malnutrition is widespread, especially in poor populations across the globe where daily caloric intake is confined mainly to staple cereals. Rice, which is a staple food for over half of the world's population, is low in bioavailable micronutrients required for the daily diet. Improvements of the plant-based diets are therefore critical and of high economic value in order to achieve a healthy nutrition of a large segment of the human population. Rice grain biofortification has emerged as a strategic priority for alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition
In this presentation, key management practices for successful wheat production are outlined, such as mitigating plant stress and the role of copper to optimize wheat yield. The innovative technologies of Wolf Trax Copper DDP and Nu-Trax P+ are explored.
Biofortification, the process of increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in edible portions of crop plants through agronomic intervention or genetic selection, may be the solution to malnutrition or hidden hunger mitigation.
Biofortification, the process of breeding nutrients into food crops, provides a comparatively costeffective, sustainable, and long-term means of delivering more micronutrients.
This approach not only will lower the number of severely malnourished people who require treatment by complementary interventions but also will help them maintain improved nutritional status.
L.p.yuan. progress in breeding of super hybrid riceFOODCROPS
This document summarizes progress in breeding super hybrid rice in China. It outlines three phases of yield standards met through breeding, with the current phase achieving over 40% yield increases. Several high-yielding varieties developed by 2000 met Phase II standards. Techniques discussed that raised yields include developing new plant architectures, increasing heterosis levels between rice types, and utilizing genes from wild rice and other species. The breeding program aims to reach 13.5 tons/ha by 2010 and ensure China's food security while enabling agricultural exports.
BIOFORTIFICATION OF STAPLE CROPS: PROVITAMIN A CASSAVA AS A CASE STUDYCosmos Onyiba
Biofortification refers to micronutrient enrichment of staple crops through plant breeding, to address the negative economic and health consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in humans. It is the process of increasing the bioavailable micronutrient density of staple crops through conventional plant breeding and modern biotechnology to achieve a measurable and positive impact on human health.. Currently, agronomic, conventional, and transgenic biofortification are three common approaches. Progress has been made in breeding orange sweetpotato, provitamin A maize, provitamin A cassava, high zinc rice and high zinc wheat, and high iron beans and high iron pearl millet via conventional breeding. Transgenic biofortification is used when genetic variability for vitamin and mineral targets is too low to meet the desired target levels, or for crops that are very difficult to breed, such as banana. The biofortification of cassava with Provitamin A (beta-carotene) was achieved through pure line and hybrid seed technology as well as genetic engineering. The provitamin A carotenoid in biofortified cassava is primarily β-carotene. In white cassava, there may be trace amounts of β-carotene, which may be present in concentrations as low as 1 mg/g fresh weigh or 3 mg/g dry weigh. Due to the instability of beta-carotene, cooking and processing methods can affect the retention of β-carotene in cassava leading to decrease bioavailability and bioefficacy.
The document discusses using rice science to develop rice varieties with better nutrition for humans. It outlines efforts to address micronutrient deficiencies through biofortification of rice with provitamin A, iron, and zinc. Biofortification aims to genetically increase the concentrations of these nutrients in rice grains in a sustainable and cost-effective way to help the billions who cannot afford supplements or an diversified diet. The document reviews variability in rice germplasm for these nutrients and modern breeding approaches using genomics tools to more efficiently develop biofortified rice varieties.
Sorghum is a cereal grain that originated in Africa. There are five basic races of sorghum classified based on glume coverage of the grain: bicolor, guinea, caudatum, kaffir, and durra. Sorghum is an important crop in Tamil Nadu and India, with many landraces traditionally grown. Breeding objectives for sorghum include developing high-yielding, short-duration varieties with drought tolerance, pest and disease resistance, and improved nutritional quality. Various breeding techniques are used such as introduction, selection, hybridization, and population improvement to develop new sorghum varieties suited to Tamil Nadu.
Maize is the third most cultivated crop in Pakistan, with a total production of 3.5 million metric tons annually from 1 million hectares of land. It provides key nutritional and economic benefits. Nutritionally, maize is high in starch and fiber while low in fat. It also helps lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Economically, maize is important as animal feed, used in industries like food, cosmetics and fuel, and generates revenue through exports. Maize plays a vital role in Pakistan's agriculture and food security.
This document summarizes a student's master's seminar presentation on stability for grain yield in little millet. It includes an introduction to little millet, its nutritional value and importance as a crop. It also discusses previous crop improvement efforts including varietal releases. It covers topics like genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and stability analysis. It presents data on promising new germplasm lines. Finally, it summarizes one case study on genetic variability in little millet genotypes.
Molecular Breeding for Development of Biofortified Maize Hybrids in IndiaCIMMYT
The document discusses molecular breeding efforts in India to develop biofortified maize hybrids. It notes that over 2 billion people worldwide are malnourished. Maize is an important crop but often lacks nutrients like iron, zinc, and vitamins A, E. The program aims to introgress genes like opaque2, opaque16, and crtRB1 to increase lysine, tryptophan, and provitamin A. It has released new hybrids with these traits like Pusa HM4 Improved. It also discusses efforts to enrich for vitamin E and reduce phytate to enhance mineral availability through genes like lpa1. The long-term goal is to develop multi-trait hybrids addressing several deficiencies
This document discusses the potential for biofortification in Ethiopia. It presents results from a Biofortification Priority Index (BPI) analysis, which ranks countries and crops for biofortification investment. The analysis shows that Ethiopia is a priority country for biofortifying maize with vitamin A and wheat with zinc. Maps of regional BPI scores in Ethiopia indicate that vitamin A maize should focus on zones in Amhara and Oromia, while zinc wheat should focus on zones in Amhara, Oromia, Tigray and SNNP.
Breeding strategies for nutritional quality in major cereal cropsHeresh Puren
The presentation describes about the nutritional deficiency symptoms, deficiency status at both national and global scenario which signifies the need for breeding strategies for nutritional improvement as well as the various strategies for improvement of nutritional quality in major cereal crops.
Millets, An Old Concept To Adapt To New ChangeFSTnortheast
The document discusses different agricultural systems practiced in Northeast India, including various types of wet rice cultivation, shifting cultivation, home gardens, plantation crops, and livestock systems. It also summarizes the major crops grown within different agricultural systems like jhum, valley cultivation, double cropping, and home gardens. These include crops like rice, millets, maize, vegetables, and fruits. The document highlights the high agrobiodiversity of the region and threats to traditional farming systems from fast changes in landscapes, farming practices, and lifestyles.
Biofortification of staple food crops: Justification, progress, and future a...ExternalEvents
Biofortification of staple food crops: Justification, progress, and future activities presentation by Howarth Bouis, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C., United States of America
This document summarizes a presentation on biofortified vegetables as an option for mitigating hidden hunger. It outlines the nutritional situation globally and importance of micronutrients like vitamin A, zinc, and iron. It defines biofortification as improving crop nutritional quality through breeding or agronomic practices. It discusses advantages of biofortification over fortification and global impact. Target countries and crops released through biofortification programs are outlined. Conventional breeding and genetic engineering methods of biofortification are compared. Examples of biofortified crops like cassava, sweet potato, lentils and beans with increased iron and zinc levels are provided.
Gene introgression from wild relatives to cultivated plantsManjappa Ganiger
This document summarizes a seminar on using crop wild relatives to introduce beneficial genes into cultivated crops. It discusses how crop wild relatives contain genetic diversity that can provide traits like pest and disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved yields. Specific examples are given of introducing disease resistance genes from wild relatives into tomatoes and rust resistance genes into wheat. The use of wild rice species to develop rice varieties with improved resistance to various diseases and insects is also described.
This document describes a project to generate new wheat germplasm with enhanced drought and heat tolerance using genetic diversity from AB genomes. The project analyzed genetic diversity in emmer wheat collections, developed new synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) from emmer wheat, and generated new SHW, synthetic backcross lines (SBL), and bread wheat lines by crossing emmer wheat with elite bread wheat. Key achievements included establishing emmer wheat germplasm collections, generating new genetically diverse SHW and SBL materials, and building capacity for marker-assisted breeding in India. Future work proposed phenotyping materials under drought and heat and publishing results.
Transformation of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with avenin-like b gene...CIMMYT
This document summarizes research on transforming common wheat with an avenin-like b gene to improve dough functional properties. Key findings include:
1) The avenin-like b gene was found to belong to a multigene family and be specifically expressed in wheat seeds.
2) In vitro studies found that addition of purified avenin-like b protein decreased dough mixing time and increased resistance.
3) Transgenic wheat lines were generated with endosperm-specific expression of the avenin-like b gene. Analysis confirmed transgene integration and expression.
the third world countries are having the issue of hidden hunger or micronutrient deficiency. harvest plus is a CGIAR initiative with a mission of eradication of hidden hunger by 2020. the biofortification programmes are gaining their pace due to this organization.
Bio fortification for Enhanced Nutrition in Rice by Conventional and Molecula...Sathisha TN
Micronutrient malnutrition is widespread, especially in poor populations across the globe where daily caloric intake is confined mainly to staple cereals. Rice, which is a staple food for over half of the world's population, is low in bioavailable micronutrients required for the daily diet. Improvements of the plant-based diets are therefore critical and of high economic value in order to achieve a healthy nutrition of a large segment of the human population. Rice grain biofortification has emerged as a strategic priority for alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition
In this presentation, key management practices for successful wheat production are outlined, such as mitigating plant stress and the role of copper to optimize wheat yield. The innovative technologies of Wolf Trax Copper DDP and Nu-Trax P+ are explored.
Biofortification, the process of increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in edible portions of crop plants through agronomic intervention or genetic selection, may be the solution to malnutrition or hidden hunger mitigation.
Biofortification, the process of breeding nutrients into food crops, provides a comparatively costeffective, sustainable, and long-term means of delivering more micronutrients.
This approach not only will lower the number of severely malnourished people who require treatment by complementary interventions but also will help them maintain improved nutritional status.
L.p.yuan. progress in breeding of super hybrid riceFOODCROPS
This document summarizes progress in breeding super hybrid rice in China. It outlines three phases of yield standards met through breeding, with the current phase achieving over 40% yield increases. Several high-yielding varieties developed by 2000 met Phase II standards. Techniques discussed that raised yields include developing new plant architectures, increasing heterosis levels between rice types, and utilizing genes from wild rice and other species. The breeding program aims to reach 13.5 tons/ha by 2010 and ensure China's food security while enabling agricultural exports.
BIOFORTIFICATION OF STAPLE CROPS: PROVITAMIN A CASSAVA AS A CASE STUDYCosmos Onyiba
Biofortification refers to micronutrient enrichment of staple crops through plant breeding, to address the negative economic and health consequences of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in humans. It is the process of increasing the bioavailable micronutrient density of staple crops through conventional plant breeding and modern biotechnology to achieve a measurable and positive impact on human health.. Currently, agronomic, conventional, and transgenic biofortification are three common approaches. Progress has been made in breeding orange sweetpotato, provitamin A maize, provitamin A cassava, high zinc rice and high zinc wheat, and high iron beans and high iron pearl millet via conventional breeding. Transgenic biofortification is used when genetic variability for vitamin and mineral targets is too low to meet the desired target levels, or for crops that are very difficult to breed, such as banana. The biofortification of cassava with Provitamin A (beta-carotene) was achieved through pure line and hybrid seed technology as well as genetic engineering. The provitamin A carotenoid in biofortified cassava is primarily β-carotene. In white cassava, there may be trace amounts of β-carotene, which may be present in concentrations as low as 1 mg/g fresh weigh or 3 mg/g dry weigh. Due to the instability of beta-carotene, cooking and processing methods can affect the retention of β-carotene in cassava leading to decrease bioavailability and bioefficacy.
The document discusses using rice science to develop rice varieties with better nutrition for humans. It outlines efforts to address micronutrient deficiencies through biofortification of rice with provitamin A, iron, and zinc. Biofortification aims to genetically increase the concentrations of these nutrients in rice grains in a sustainable and cost-effective way to help the billions who cannot afford supplements or an diversified diet. The document reviews variability in rice germplasm for these nutrients and modern breeding approaches using genomics tools to more efficiently develop biofortified rice varieties.
Sorghum is a cereal grain that originated in Africa. There are five basic races of sorghum classified based on glume coverage of the grain: bicolor, guinea, caudatum, kaffir, and durra. Sorghum is an important crop in Tamil Nadu and India, with many landraces traditionally grown. Breeding objectives for sorghum include developing high-yielding, short-duration varieties with drought tolerance, pest and disease resistance, and improved nutritional quality. Various breeding techniques are used such as introduction, selection, hybridization, and population improvement to develop new sorghum varieties suited to Tamil Nadu.
Maize is the third most cultivated crop in Pakistan, with a total production of 3.5 million metric tons annually from 1 million hectares of land. It provides key nutritional and economic benefits. Nutritionally, maize is high in starch and fiber while low in fat. It also helps lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Economically, maize is important as animal feed, used in industries like food, cosmetics and fuel, and generates revenue through exports. Maize plays a vital role in Pakistan's agriculture and food security.
This document summarizes a student's master's seminar presentation on stability for grain yield in little millet. It includes an introduction to little millet, its nutritional value and importance as a crop. It also discusses previous crop improvement efforts including varietal releases. It covers topics like genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and stability analysis. It presents data on promising new germplasm lines. Finally, it summarizes one case study on genetic variability in little millet genotypes.
Molecular Breeding for Development of Biofortified Maize Hybrids in IndiaCIMMYT
The document discusses molecular breeding efforts in India to develop biofortified maize hybrids. It notes that over 2 billion people worldwide are malnourished. Maize is an important crop but often lacks nutrients like iron, zinc, and vitamins A, E. The program aims to introgress genes like opaque2, opaque16, and crtRB1 to increase lysine, tryptophan, and provitamin A. It has released new hybrids with these traits like Pusa HM4 Improved. It also discusses efforts to enrich for vitamin E and reduce phytate to enhance mineral availability through genes like lpa1. The long-term goal is to develop multi-trait hybrids addressing several deficiencies
This document discusses the potential for biofortification in Ethiopia. It presents results from a Biofortification Priority Index (BPI) analysis, which ranks countries and crops for biofortification investment. The analysis shows that Ethiopia is a priority country for biofortifying maize with vitamin A and wheat with zinc. Maps of regional BPI scores in Ethiopia indicate that vitamin A maize should focus on zones in Amhara and Oromia, while zinc wheat should focus on zones in Amhara, Oromia, Tigray and SNNP.
Breeding strategies for nutritional quality in major cereal cropsHeresh Puren
The presentation describes about the nutritional deficiency symptoms, deficiency status at both national and global scenario which signifies the need for breeding strategies for nutritional improvement as well as the various strategies for improvement of nutritional quality in major cereal crops.
Millets, An Old Concept To Adapt To New ChangeFSTnortheast
The document discusses different agricultural systems practiced in Northeast India, including various types of wet rice cultivation, shifting cultivation, home gardens, plantation crops, and livestock systems. It also summarizes the major crops grown within different agricultural systems like jhum, valley cultivation, double cropping, and home gardens. These include crops like rice, millets, maize, vegetables, and fruits. The document highlights the high agrobiodiversity of the region and threats to traditional farming systems from fast changes in landscapes, farming practices, and lifestyles.
Biofortification of staple food crops: Justification, progress, and future a...ExternalEvents
Biofortification of staple food crops: Justification, progress, and future activities presentation by Howarth Bouis, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C., United States of America
This document summarizes a presentation on biofortified vegetables as an option for mitigating hidden hunger. It outlines the nutritional situation globally and importance of micronutrients like vitamin A, zinc, and iron. It defines biofortification as improving crop nutritional quality through breeding or agronomic practices. It discusses advantages of biofortification over fortification and global impact. Target countries and crops released through biofortification programs are outlined. Conventional breeding and genetic engineering methods of biofortification are compared. Examples of biofortified crops like cassava, sweet potato, lentils and beans with increased iron and zinc levels are provided.
Gene introgression from wild relatives to cultivated plantsManjappa Ganiger
This document summarizes a seminar on using crop wild relatives to introduce beneficial genes into cultivated crops. It discusses how crop wild relatives contain genetic diversity that can provide traits like pest and disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved yields. Specific examples are given of introducing disease resistance genes from wild relatives into tomatoes and rust resistance genes into wheat. The use of wild rice species to develop rice varieties with improved resistance to various diseases and insects is also described.
This document describes a project to generate new wheat germplasm with enhanced drought and heat tolerance using genetic diversity from AB genomes. The project analyzed genetic diversity in emmer wheat collections, developed new synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) from emmer wheat, and generated new SHW, synthetic backcross lines (SBL), and bread wheat lines by crossing emmer wheat with elite bread wheat. Key achievements included establishing emmer wheat germplasm collections, generating new genetically diverse SHW and SBL materials, and building capacity for marker-assisted breeding in India. Future work proposed phenotyping materials under drought and heat and publishing results.
Transformation of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with avenin-like b gene...CIMMYT
This document summarizes research on transforming common wheat with an avenin-like b gene to improve dough functional properties. Key findings include:
1) The avenin-like b gene was found to belong to a multigene family and be specifically expressed in wheat seeds.
2) In vitro studies found that addition of purified avenin-like b protein decreased dough mixing time and increased resistance.
3) Transgenic wheat lines were generated with endosperm-specific expression of the avenin-like b gene. Analysis confirmed transgene integration and expression.
This document summarizes the breeding strategies and activities of the GCP Wheat CI Team in India to improve wheat tolerance to drought and heat stress. The team consists of researchers from 5 agricultural institutes across India. They are working to combine and validate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with improved water use efficiency and heat tolerance in Indian wheat varieties using marker-assisted recurrent selection and breeding. In winter 2013, families selected from two mapping populations were intercrossed to accumulate favorable alleles at multiple QTLs associated with drought and heat tolerance.
THEME – 3 Wheat Improvement for the Changing Climate: Adaptation to Heat Stre...ICARDA
Climate change is increasing heat stress and reducing wheat yields. Breeding heat tolerant varieties and improving crop management can help wheat adapt. The document outlines strategies for wheat improvement under heat stress including broadening genetic diversity from wild relatives, evaluating germplasm across temperature gradients, identifying stress tolerant traits, and collaboratively selecting and sharing promising lines. Precision phenotyping platforms are proposed to improve data collection and sharing to support breeding for heat tolerance.
This document provides information about heat stress in wheat crops. It discusses how heat stress reduces wheat yields and quality by affecting grain filling. Several traits for measuring heat tolerance are described, including canopy temperature depression, membrane thermo-stability, chlorophyll content, and stay green ability. Breeding approaches to develop heat tolerant wheat varieties are summarized, such as selection, mutation breeding, and hybridization. Research on heat tolerant wheat varieties developed in India is also mentioned.
Drought and heat stress in late sown wheat and mitigation strategies Ramesh Acharya
This document summarizes research on the impacts of late sowing and heat/drought stress on wheat crops in Nepal. It finds that late sowing, which is common due to the rice-wheat cropping system, reduces wheat yields significantly. Heat and drought stress during flowering and grain filling also limit yields. The document outlines several mitigation strategies, including advancing the planting date using no-till methods, growing early maturing varieties, using mulching and irrigation scheduling, and developing heat/drought tolerant wheat varieties.
Being sessile, plants are constantly exposed to changes in temperature and other abiotic stress factors. The temperature stress experienced by plants can be classified into three types: those occurring at (a) temperature below freezing (b) low temperature above freezing and (c) high temperature. The plants must adapt to them in other ways. The biological substances that are deeply related to these stresses, such as heat shock proteins, glycine betaine as a compatible solute, membrane lipids etc.and also detoxifiers of active oxygen species, contribute to temperature stress tolerance in plants. Rapid advances in Molecular Genetic approaches have enabled genes to be cloned, both from prokaryotes and directly from plants themselves, that are thought to provide the key to the mechanism of temperature adaptation (Iba et al., 2002).
The accumulation of heat shock proteins under the control of heat stress transcription factors is assumed to play a central role in the heat stress response and in acquired thermotolerance in plants (Kotak et al., 2007). The pattern of protein synthesis during cold acclimation is very dissimilar to the heat shock proteins in many ways. Different low temperature stress proteins, such as Anti-freeze proteins or thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs) and cold shock domain proteins etc. are accumulated in plant cell and are frequently correlated with enhanced cold tolerance ( Guy, 1999).
The heat stress-induced dehydrin proteins (DHNs) expression and their relationship with the water relations of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves were studied to investigate the adaptation to heat stress in plants (Wahid and Close, 2007). In order to get an in vitro evidence of Hsc70 functioning as a molecular chaperone during cold stress, a cold-inducible spinach cytosolic Hsc70 was subcloned into a protein expression vector and the recombinant protein was expressed in bacterial cells. Results suggest that the molecular chaperone Hsc70 may have a functional role in plants during low temperature stress (Zhang and Guy, 2006). To analyze the least and most strongly interacting stress with Hsps and Hsfs, a transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis Hsps and Hsfs has been done (Swindell et al., 2007).
As plants receive complex of stress factors together, therefore in future research, emphasis should be placed on such cases where tolerance is attempted to different stress factors simultaneously by employing sophisticated techniques.
The document summarizes plant responses to different types of stress. It discusses how plants can avoid or tolerate stress through mechanisms like osmotic adjustment, accumulation of compatible solutes, and heat shock protein production. Stress can be biotic, imposed by other organisms, or abiotic arising from environmental deficits or excesses. Abiotic stresses discussed include drought, high salinity, temperature extremes, and oxidative stress from pollutants. Stress triggers changes in gene expression and metabolism that help plants withstand damaging conditions.
ROLE OF ZINCATED WHEAT IN REDUCING HUNGER-DR MUHAMMAD ANJUM ALI Anjum Ali Buttar
The document discusses biofortification and the work of HarvestPlus to reduce hidden hunger through developing staple crops with increased micronutrients. It provides details on:
1) HarvestPlus' goal of developing staple crops like wheat, rice, cassava that are naturally high in vitamins and minerals to address micronutrient deficiencies.
2) Clinical trials showing that zinc biofortified wheat increases zinc intake and status of women and children in India and Bangladesh.
3) HarvestPlus' efforts to disseminate biofortified seeds to farmers in over 20 countries and plans to continue strengthening crop varieties and scaling up delivery through partnerships.
This document summarizes presentations from the First Global Conference on Biofortification. It discusses research presenting evidence on the bioconversion and effectiveness of provitamin A carotenoids from biofortified staple crops. It also examines gaps and constraints in demonstrating efficacy, and strategies for optimizing delivery and community acceptance of biofortified crops. Finally, it addresses progress and challenges in iron and zinc biofortification, and the need for further research to demonstrate efficacy and improved absorption.
This document provides an overview of biofortification as a strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies. It discusses:
- Biofortification is the process of breeding staple crops to naturally contain higher levels of vitamins and minerals through conventional plant breeding techniques.
- Over 30 million farming households have gained access to biofortified staple crops rich in vitamin A, iron, and zinc. Research shows these nutrients in biofortified crops can meet 50-100% of daily needs and improve micronutrient status.
- The process involves developing nutrient-dense crop varieties, testing them in different environments, delivering seeds to farmers, and generating demand among consumers. Over 175 biofortified varieties of 12 crops have
HarvestPlus: Progress To Date andFuture ChallengesACIAR
HarvestPlus aims to improve nutrition through biofortified staple crops. It has made progress breeding crops with higher micronutrient levels, shown these nutrients are bioavailable, and facilitated the release and adoption of biofortified varieties in several countries. However, challenges remain to scale up delivery in target countries through mass distribution and ensure biofortification efforts are sustainable and integrated within agricultural institutions long-term. Addressing malnutrition will require breaking down divisions between agriculture, food, nutrition and health to view them as interrelated.
HarvestPlus: Progress To Date and Future ChallengesACIAR
HarvestPlus aims to improve nutrition through biofortified staple crops. It has made progress breeding crops with higher micronutrient levels, shown these nutrients are bioavailable, and facilitated the release and adoption of biofortified varieties in several countries. However, challenges remain to scale up delivery in target countries through mass distribution and ensure biofortification programs are sustainable and integrated within agricultural institutions long-term with support from health and development organizations. Addressing malnutrition requires an interdisciplinary "whole systems" approach treating agriculture, food, and health as related.
This document discusses biofortification and implementing biofortified crops. It begins by outlining the primary functions of agriculture as income, food, and health. It then discusses dietary diversity and nutrient intakes in poor populations. Several challenges of biofortification are outlined, including whether breeding can increase nutrient levels enough, if the added nutrients are bioavailable, and if farmers and consumers will adopt and consume biofortified crops. Pilot projects on orange sweet potato in Mozambique and Uganda showed increased vitamin A intakes. Targets for numbers of farm households testing biofortified crops by 2018 in various countries are provided. The challenges of scaling up delivery and mainstreaming breeding are discussed. It concludes by quoting Sir Albert Howard on the
Genetically modified food and its consequences on human health and nutritionwoolencastle
Genetically Modified Food and Its Consequences on Human Health and Nutrition discusses genetically modified (GM) foods. It begins with an introduction to genetic engineering and how it is used to alter the structure and characteristics of genes. The document then explores the rationale for GM foods, including addressing increasing global food demands and malnutrition. Both the advantages and disadvantages of GM foods are examined, such as increasing crop yields but also potential human health risks. The document concludes that while GM foods may help address global issues like malnutrition, more research is still needed to fully understand their effects on human health.
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlusapaari
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlus - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
CIAT is a CGIAR research center focused on reducing hunger and poverty in the tropics through agricultural research. It faces the challenges of feeding a growing population with less land and water and a changing climate. CIAT conducts research to increase crop productivity, improve natural resource management, and inform policies, with a focus on beans, cassava, rice and forages. It works across Africa, Asia, and Latin America to deliver impacts at scale through partnerships.
1. The UN declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming to recognize the importance of family farms in reducing poverty and improving global food security. Family farms involve about 500 million families and over 2 billion people.
2. The document discusses challenges facing food security like population growth, climate change, and shrinking resources. It proposes solutions like the Evergreen Revolution, promoting nutritious crops, and empowering women farmers.
3. Family farming based on gender, nutrition and climate-sensitive agriculture is presented as the key to achieving long-term, sustainable food security for all.
International Year of Family Farming (IYFF) 2014mssrf
1. The UN declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming to recognize the importance of family farms in reducing poverty and improving global food security. Family farms involve about 500 million families and over 2 billion people.
2. The document discusses challenges facing agriculture such as shrinking resources, climate change impacts, and lack of interest from youth. It promotes evergreen and green revolutions to increase sustainable productivity without ecological harm.
3. Family farming that adopts nutrition-sensitive and climate-smart practices is presented as the pathway to achieving food security for all on a long-term basis.
Jose Roberto Peres - Enough Beef Now and into the Future: Global Beef Balance...John Blue
In Português - Enough Beef Now and into the Future: Global Beef Balance Trends - Jose Roberto Peres, Cattle Unit Director, Elanco - Brasil, from the 2014 Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), November 2 -5, 2014, São Paulo, Brazil.
More presentations at http://trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014-global-roundtable-sustainable-beef
The document discusses how potatoes can contribute to global food security and poverty alleviation. It outlines global potato trends showing rising production and consumption in developing countries. The International Potato Center (CIP) is working to address this through research on potatoes and sweet potatoes tailored to priority regions where poverty and malnutrition are prevalent. CIP's strategic objectives focus on developing disease-resistant varieties, improving seed systems, intensifying cereal-potato systems, addressing food insecurity, and conserving genetic diversity. The document argues that potatoes can play a dual role as a staple crop for the poor and a high-value crop for income, and that future prospects include biofortification, resilient food systems, and new partnerships.
The document discusses how potatoes can contribute to global food security and poverty alleviation. It outlines trends showing rising potato production and consumption globally, especially in developing countries. The International Potato Center (CIP) is working to address this through research on potatoes and sweet potatoes tailored to priorities areas and constraints. CIP's new strategic plan focuses on developing disease-resistant and drought-tolerant varieties, improving seed systems, and building resilient food systems through roots and tubers in light of climate change. Collaboration is needed to fully realize potatoes' potential for food and nutrition security worldwide.
Breaking the food-system divide with Smart Food - good for you, the planet an...ICRISAT
The document discusses the "food-system divide" that has led to most investments going to just three major crops - rice, wheat, and maize - despite the need for greater dietary diversity. It proposes focusing on "Smart Food" - foods that are nutritious, environmentally sustainable, and support farmers - such as millets and sorghum. The initiative aims to increase demand for and production of Smart Foods through scientific research, consumer awareness campaigns, supporting farmers, and filling knowledge gaps to help address issues like malnutrition, poverty, and climate change. The speaker seeks partners to help mainstream Smart Foods as staples globally.
This document discusses efforts since the late 1950s to boost global agricultural production and reduce hunger. It analyzes several case studies of successes that together fed millions more people. Key factors in these successes included applying modern science, making complementary investments, incentivizing farmers, and international cooperation. However, one billion people still experience hunger today due to new challenges like climate change. Continued investment in agriculture is needed to make further progress on food security.
This document discusses efforts since the late 1950s to boost global agricultural production and reduce hunger. It analyzes several case studies of successes that together fed millions more people. Key factors in these successes included applying modern science, making complementary investments, incentivizing farmers, and international cooperation. However, one billion people still go hungry today due to new challenges like climate change. Continued investment in agriculture is needed to ensure future food security.
This presentation discusses biofortification as a strategy to address malnutrition. Biofortification involves breeding staple food crops to increase their micronutrient levels, targeting iron, zinc, and vitamin A. The goal is to reduce micronutrient deficiencies in low-income populations by improving the micronutrient density of staple crops they produce and consume. Selective breeding and fertilizer application can increase crop micronutrient levels. Organizations like HarvestPlus are developing biofortified varieties of crops like cassava, maize, and rice to combat malnutrition in subsistence farming communities. The benefits of biofortification include potentially reaching rural populations with limited access to supplements through a low-cost, sustainable intervention.
What do women and men farmers want in their maize varietiesCIMMYT
Women farmers in Eastern Africa have different preferences than male farmers for traits in maize varieties. The document analyzes data from choice experiments conducted in Kenya to determine willingness to pay for various traits. Key findings include: Women do not prefer large grain size as much as men and value traits like storability and drought tolerance more. When socioeconomic factors are controlled for, men have a higher willingness to pay for closed tip ears. Women value drought tolerance and resistance to the striga weed twice as much as men. Men's willingness to pay for low nitrogen tolerance was much higher than women's. The top preferred traits overall were storability, drought tolerance, striga resistance, and lodging resistance.
Transforming Maize-legume Value Chains –A Business Case for Climate-Smart Ag...CIMMYT
CIMMYT Senior Cropping Systems Agronomist Christian Thierfelder presented on climate-smart agriculture in southern Africa in a webinar titled Climate Resilient Agriculture Success Stories – Making a Case for Scale Up.
Maize for Asian tropics: Chasing the moving targetCIMMYT
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for maize research and development in the Asian tropics. It notes the highly variable climate conditions maize faces, including drought, heat stress, excess moisture, and more frequent weather extremes due to climate change. It emphasizes the need for stress-resilient maize varieties and agronomic practices that can protect yields under both optimal and stressful conditions. The document outlines CIMMYT's efforts in stress-resilient maize breeding using new tools like high-throughput phenotyping, genomics, and doubled haploid technology integrated with conventional breeding methods. Close partnerships with various Asian countries and donors are highlighted as important for making progress on this "moving target" of maize improvement for the
Tropical maize genome: what do we know so far and how to use that informationCIMMYT
The document discusses tropical maize genomics, outlining what is currently known about tropical maize genomes from projects like the maize HapMaps. It describes how genomic information can be used to unlock genetic variation in tropical maize germplasm and drive molecular breeding efforts through approaches like genome-wide association studies, marker-assisted selection, and the development of multiple panels of SNP markers. The document also explores how plant breeding will increasingly be driven by big data and artificial intelligence.
Social inclusion of young people and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)...CIMMYT
The document outlines the agenda for the 13th Asian Maize Conference held in Ludhiana, Punjab, India from 8-10 October 2018. It discusses maize production trends globally and in key countries like China, USA, and Brazil. It also summarizes maize production in Nepal, highlighting challenges like low productivity. The author presents results from an experiment comparing Nutrient Expert recommendations to farmer practices, finding a significant yield increase using the former approach. The conclusion is that Nutrient Expert can help address efficient nutrient management and increase yields and profits for farmers.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to shoot fly in maizeCIMMYT
This document discusses a study that identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to shoot fly in maize. The researchers studied two maize inbred lines, CM143 and CM144, and their F2:3 progenies. They measured traits related to shoot fly resistance, such as egg count, leaf injury, and dead heart percentage, in the parents and progenies over time. Phenotypic correlations between traits were calculated. The progenies were genotyped using SSR markers and a genetic linkage map was constructed. QTL analysis identified several QTL associated with traits like leaf width, length, area, injury, and stem girth on different chromosomes. The QTL explained phenotypic variances ranging from 7-
Outbreak of Fusarium ear rot on Maize in ThailandCIMMYT
This study identified Fusarium verticillioides as the main causal agent of ear rot in maize in Thailand. Over two growing seasons, the fungus was isolated from fields in six locations, where disease incidence and severity varied. Sixty inbred maize lines were evaluated for resistance to F. verticillioides under artificial inoculation. Lines Ki30, Ki45 and Ki59 showed the lowest disease severity scores. Additionally, 20 pre-commercial and 3 commercial maize hybrids were evaluated for natural infection in field trials across locations. Variation in disease incidence and severity was observed among hybrids and locations.
Comparative Analysis of Biochemical & Physiological Responses of Maize Genoty...CIMMYT
This study compared the biochemical and physiological responses of six maize genotypes under waterlogging stress conditions. The genotypes differed in their canopy cover, chlorophyll content, membrane damage, and antioxidant enzyme activity when exposed to waterlogging over six days. CML 54 x CML 487, BIL 219 and CML 487 showed the best performance under stress, with higher antioxidant enzyme activities and less membrane damage and chlorophyll loss. CML 54 and CML 486 were the most susceptible. The tolerant genotypes will be targets for future breeding programs to develop waterlogging tolerance in maize.
1. CIMMYT genotyped its entire maize germplasm bank collection of 28,000 accessions to better understand genetic diversity and identify alleles of breeding value.
2. Genomic and environmental data is being used to conduct genome-wide association studies and environmental GWAS to find genetic variations associated with traits like drought tolerance.
3. Selected accessions are undergoing pre-breeding to transfer useful alleles to elite lines and develop populations with improved stress resistance and other traits for breeders.
4. Products like catalogues of tolerant accessions are being made available to breeders, researchers, and genebanks to facilitate use of genetic resources.
This document summarizes the objectives and methodology of a study evaluating the effects of char, a byproduct of coal burning, in nitrogen management of maize soils in a semi-arid region. The study aims to: 1) Measure nitrogen losses from loam and sandy loam soils amended with various rates of char, 2) Evaluate the effect of char on maize fertilized with urea and manure in fields, and 3) Test sensors to estimate maize nitrogen status throughout growth stages. The results are expected to optimize nitrogen fertilizer use, increase nitrogen use efficiency and maize yields, and provide a tool to help small-holder farmers.
Technologies to drive maize yield improvementCIMMYT
This document discusses technologies and strategies being used by Corteva Agriscience to improve maize yields. It highlights advanced phenotyping systems using drones and satellite imagery, genomic research including reference genomes, and the use of gene editing including CRISPR-Cas9 to develop new varieties with improved traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance. The first example product mentioned is a waxy corn variety developed using CRISPR-Cas9 that is expected to launch commercially in 2020.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
5. 1987 2003
A dwindling resources base Water
Alvaro Obregon Dam
Yaqui Valley, Sonora
Mexico
6. 2 billion people in the developing world
are iron deficient
Women and children are the
primary victims
Micronutrient Deficiency
Hidden Hunger
2 billion+ affected Photo: C. Hotz
7. HarvestPlus - an interdisciplinary, global alliance
of more than 200 scientific and implementation
partners in over 40 countries that seeks to reduce
hidden hunger and provide micronutrients directly
through … high-yielding, high-profit varieties of
key staple foods that they eat
HarvestPlus is a joint venture between two CGIAR Centers, the International
Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) based in Cali, Colombia and the International
Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) based in Washington, D.C.
addressed by
8. What can We do now?
• Diversify the diet
expensive & out of reach for
many
• Fortify Food e.g. with iron,
iodine
need access to the market -
buy processed food
• Provide Supplements e.g.
vitamin A, iron, zinc
need access to the health care
system - high delivery cost
9. What can Biofortification do?
• Develop wheat, rice, maize,
cassava and other staples
packed with additional vitamins
or minerals….
• Nutritional benefits coming
from the crops, harvest after
harvest, with no additional
costs
• Reach those who are not
reached by other nutrition
interventions
10. HarvestPlus Impact & Product Pathway
Development of Crop Product
Concepts
Discovery: HPlus I 2004-2008
Determine Cost /Benefit
compared to other Interventions
Identify Target Populations &
Staple food consumption
Setting Nutrient Target
Levels
Screening & Determine
Breeding Feasibility
11. Initial Target Areas for Zinc dense Wheat
Baseline
Micronutrient Level
in Commercial Crop
25 µgg-1
Target Increment to
be added
12 µgg-1
ME1: Temperate Irrigated High
Production NWPZ
ME5: Irrigated High
Temperate Stress EGPZ
12. % of Physiologic Requirement1) for Zinc achieved by
different Levels of +12ppm Zinc Wheat Intake
Consumed g/day
%
Requirement
1) Woman in child bearing age
13. Genetic Variation for Zinc & Iron in Wheat
Iron µgg-1
Zinc
µgg-1
Variation to surpass the target in wild
relative species & synthetic wheat
+
Lack of genetic variation in adapted,
high yielding genotypes
-
14. Cakmak et al., 2009
Endosperm
Aleurone
Embryo
High Zinc
Wheat
Low Zinc
Co-localization
Protein
Zinc Iron
Amino Acids
15. HarvestPlus Impact & Product Pathway
Nutrition Retention and
Bioavailability
Nutritional Efficacy Studies
on Human Subjects
Crop Development
Development: HPlus II 2009-2013
GxE Performance Testing in
Target Countries
16. HarvestPlus Impact & Product Pathway
Release C Seed Production
Launch | Test Marketing
Delivery: HPlus III 2014 - 2018
Advocacy
Delivery | Commercialization
Marketing
Awareness | Demand Creation
Acceptability Studies
Market & Product Development
Shakti man
17. Q #1: Can breeding increase nutrients to
levels that improve nutrition?
Will Biofortification Work?
18. Cassava
Vitamin A
Nigeria & DRC
Beans
Iron
Rwanda & DRC
Maize
Vitamin A
Zambia
Release Dates for Crops for Africa & Asia
2007
Sweetpotato
Vitamin A
Uganda
Pearl Millet
Iron
India
Rice
Zinc
Bangladesh
Wheat
Zinc
India | Pakistan 2015
2013
2012 2013
20122011
2013
2012
19. Biofortified crops released in 27 countries
18 in Africa, 4 in Asia, 5 in LAC
In-testing in 43 countries
26 in Africa, 8 in Asia, 9 in LAC
4 Vita-A , 5 Iron , 4 Zinc Crops
Sorghum
Banana
Plantain Cowpea Potato
Lentil
20. Q #2: Are the extra nutrients
bioavailable at sufficient levels to
improve micronutrient status?
Will Biofortification Work?
21. How do we know zinc wheat works?
2008 -
2011
2009 -
2010
2014 -
2015
Sangam Vihar, New Delhi Bangalore
Children 4-6 years &
Women in child bearing age
School children in Bangalore
n=1500 women & 1500 children
per group x 2 groups
n=150 per group x 3 groups
New Delhi; JHU & Subharti Medical
College
ETH & St. John’s Medical College
Zinc wheat contributes a significant proportion of the Zinc EAR in
the target population P
Zinc in biofortified wheat is bioavailable,absorbed and utilized P
Does zinc wheat consumption improve zinc status of women and
children?
22. Q #3: Will farmers adopt zinc wheat
and will consumers buy & eat in
sufficient quantities?
Will Biofortification Work?
23. > 1.5 million farming households reached 2011 - 2013
> 7.5 million farming household members consuming
Delivery / Commercialization
> 1.1 million
farming
households
targeted in
2014
25. What is the Way Forward?
Photo: Neil Palmer (CIAT)
26. HarvestPlus III will demonstrate the
viability of biofortification as a global
solution and lay foundation for scale
by
HarvestPlus III 2014-2018 Strategic Priorities
Research,
communicate and
advocate
strategically
Strengthen the
pipeline of
biofortified
varieties
Scale up delivery in
target countries and
expand delivery to new
countries
27. HarvestPlus Phase III Strategic Priorities
Scale up delivery in target
countries and expand
delivery to new countries
Target Countries
• Implement country level
business plans
Expansion Countries
• Scale up delivery of
prioritized crops in target
geographies through
partnerships
• Develop & deploy technical
assistance capabilities to
support partnerships
29. Breed competitive crops to
target nutrient levels and
broader applicability across
agro-ecological zones & uses
Molecular markers &
diagnostic tool development
Zinc as core trait / non-
negotiable trait → endorsed
by CG-Center DGs
Anti-nutrients & promoters
Phytate / Phytase …
Strengthen the
pipeline of biofortified
varieties
• Successfully develop next
waves of crops
• Enhance knowledge base
& deliver improved
enabling technologies
• Mainstream biofortification
• Improve bioavailability of
zinc and iron
HarvestPlus Phase III Strategic Priorities