HarvestPlus aims to improve nutrition through biofortified staple crops. It has made progress breeding crops with higher micronutrient levels, shown these nutrients are bioavailable, and facilitated the release and adoption of biofortified varieties in several countries. However, challenges remain to scale up delivery in target countries through mass distribution and ensure biofortification efforts are sustainable and integrated within agricultural institutions long-term. Addressing malnutrition will require breaking down divisions between agriculture, food, nutrition and health to view them as interrelated.
This document summarizes the outputs, outcomes, and lessons learned from a project in Nepal that aimed to develop lentil varieties with higher concentrations of iron and zinc. Key outputs included developing new lentil lines through breeding and disseminating micronutrient-rich varieties to farmers. Outcomes included the proposed release of a new variety called RL-4 and wider dissemination of iron- and zinc-rich varieties. Capacity building activities like farmer training were also conducted. Lessons learned included that participatory programs like variety selection trials were effective for creating demand and that involving more women helped rapid dissemination.
Options for enhancing grain iron and zinc concentrations in sorghumICRISAT
This document discusses options for enhancing iron and zinc concentrations in sorghum grain. It provides background on the importance of sorghum biofortification given that sorghum is a staple crop for over 500 million people. The target levels for iron and zinc in sorghum grain are outlined. Research efforts have identified genetic variability for iron and zinc concentrations in sorghum landraces and commercial varieties. Breeding efforts are underway to transfer high iron and zinc traits into elite sorghum lines and hybrids. Genomic resources are being utilized to map quantitative trait loci associated with iron and zinc. The document reviews the current pipeline of biofortified sorghum materials and outlines the way forward to strengthen sorghum
A strategic partnership dedicated to advancing science to address central development challenges: reducing rural poverty, improving food security, nutrition and health, and sustainably managing natural resources. Its research is carried out by 15 International Agricultural Research Centers working with hundreds of partners worldwide. The summary focuses on key points about the new CGIAR System and progress towards implementing the GCARD Roadmap to transform agricultural research for development.
A strategic partnership works to advance agricultural research to address poverty, food insecurity, nutrition, and sustainable natural resource management through 15 International Agricultural Research Centers collaborating worldwide. The partnership's research is organized through 16 Coordinated Research Programs (CRPs) that focus on key priorities like staple crops, livestock, fish, natural resource management, and cross-cutting issues like markets and nutrition, as determined through consultation with partners. This collective approach aims to make agricultural innovation more development-oriented and impactful at scale.
Adrian Dubock presentation at IFPRI Policy Seminar "Leveraging Agriculture to Improve Human Nutrition Prospects for Golden Rice" held at IFPRI on Thursday, April 14, 2011
Developing and Delivering Zinc Wheat: The Role of Wheat in Reducing Hidden Hu...CIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Wolfgang Pfeiffer (HarvestPlus, Colombia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
This document summarizes the outputs, outcomes, and lessons learned from a project in Nepal that aimed to develop lentil varieties with higher concentrations of iron and zinc. Key outputs included developing new lentil lines through breeding and disseminating micronutrient-rich varieties to farmers. Outcomes included the proposed release of a new variety called RL-4 and wider dissemination of iron- and zinc-rich varieties. Capacity building activities like farmer training were also conducted. Lessons learned included that participatory programs like variety selection trials were effective for creating demand and that involving more women helped rapid dissemination.
Options for enhancing grain iron and zinc concentrations in sorghumICRISAT
This document discusses options for enhancing iron and zinc concentrations in sorghum grain. It provides background on the importance of sorghum biofortification given that sorghum is a staple crop for over 500 million people. The target levels for iron and zinc in sorghum grain are outlined. Research efforts have identified genetic variability for iron and zinc concentrations in sorghum landraces and commercial varieties. Breeding efforts are underway to transfer high iron and zinc traits into elite sorghum lines and hybrids. Genomic resources are being utilized to map quantitative trait loci associated with iron and zinc. The document reviews the current pipeline of biofortified sorghum materials and outlines the way forward to strengthen sorghum
A strategic partnership dedicated to advancing science to address central development challenges: reducing rural poverty, improving food security, nutrition and health, and sustainably managing natural resources. Its research is carried out by 15 International Agricultural Research Centers working with hundreds of partners worldwide. The summary focuses on key points about the new CGIAR System and progress towards implementing the GCARD Roadmap to transform agricultural research for development.
A strategic partnership works to advance agricultural research to address poverty, food insecurity, nutrition, and sustainable natural resource management through 15 International Agricultural Research Centers collaborating worldwide. The partnership's research is organized through 16 Coordinated Research Programs (CRPs) that focus on key priorities like staple crops, livestock, fish, natural resource management, and cross-cutting issues like markets and nutrition, as determined through consultation with partners. This collective approach aims to make agricultural innovation more development-oriented and impactful at scale.
Adrian Dubock presentation at IFPRI Policy Seminar "Leveraging Agriculture to Improve Human Nutrition Prospects for Golden Rice" held at IFPRI on Thursday, April 14, 2011
Developing and Delivering Zinc Wheat: The Role of Wheat in Reducing Hidden Hu...CIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Wolfgang Pfeiffer (HarvestPlus, Colombia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
The document outlines Morocco's Green Plan for Food Security. It discusses key challenges facing Morocco's agriculture sector, including water scarcity and dependence on food imports. The plan proposes two pillars: 1) aggressively developing a high-value commercial agriculture sector through public-private partnerships and 2) supporting smallholder farmers by helping them professionalize their operations. It highlights ongoing efforts like converting irrigation systems to drip irrigation to save water and increase productivity. The plan aims to boost domestic production, rural development and food security through modernizing agriculture while ensuring social and environmental sustainability.
This document discusses innovative partnerships for agricultural research and development (AR4D). It notes that partnerships between the public, private, and civil society sectors are critical for AR4D. The global challenges of food insecurity are outlined, including rising food prices, climate change impacts on agriculture, loss of arable land, and constraints from water, energy, labor and fertilizer availability. In response, there has been increased focus on agriculture through initiatives like the G8's New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition and USAID's Feed the Future strategy. Feed the Future prioritizes research in key geographies and production systems to achieve sustainable intensification and improve nutrition through three research themes: advancing the productivity frontier, transforming key production systems
This document discusses research efforts to increase cassava productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa for food security and potential biofuel applications. It outlines cassava production in Nigeria, progress in cassava breeding for higher yields and disease resistance, and opportunities to close the yield gap. Future directions include assessing biofuel technologies, identifying appropriate biofuel targets, and capitalizing on cassava trait diversity through breeding while prioritizing food and industrial uses in SSA. International research networks can help optimize investments in cassava research.
This document discusses strategies for increasing agricultural productivity, climate change adaptation, and greenhouse gas mitigation in Kenyan agriculture. It finds that many land management practices can provide "triple wins" by increasing yields and profits, reducing production variability to help farmers adapt to climate change, and increasing carbon sequestration in soils to mitigate climate change. Modeling of practices like improved residues, fertilizer use, fallow rotations, water harvesting, and livestock feeding show increases in soil organic carbon levels and maize yields. Integrated packages of practices generally improve profits the most. However, some arid area strategies have costs that outweigh benefits. Maintaining 75% of residues can sequester more carbon but is less profitable than removing 50%
Scope for sustainability: do castor beans and the biodiesel industry offer fa...Joanna Hicks
This document discusses research into the potential for castor bean cultivation by family farmers in Brazil to support sustainable development and the national biodiesel program. It presents survey results from 20 family farms that show variation in current productivity of maize, pasture, and milk yields. The research question asks if castor bean cultivation is suitable and sustainable when considering current and alternative productivity levels and farm management decisions. The document outlines frameworks for indicator selection and alternative farming system design using different castor bean yield levels and area planting strategies. Results are presented for economic and productivity indicators for 4 sample family farms under current and alternative scenarios.
This presentation discusses the evolution of developing country agriculture from the "Green Revolution" period to the emerging use of the "Gene Revolution" technologies.
Farmers in Iowa widely use GMO crops, with 90% of corn and 98% of soybeans being genetically modified. GMO seeds help farmers by increasing yields, reducing the need for chemicals through weed control and insect protection, and improving profitability. The biotechnology industry is actively working to develop new GMO traits to further increase yields, provide drought tolerance, and meet other consumer and environmental needs. The development and regulatory approval process for new GMO technologies takes around 10 years.
Pigeonpea is an ideal crop for sustainable agriculture as it provides food, feed, fuelwood, fodder, and acts as a bio-fertilizer through nutrient recycling. It is drought tolerant and performs well in low fertility soils. The document summarizes progress on various pigeonpea projects in Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa, highlighting farmer preferred varieties identified, drought tolerance screening results, disease resistance breeding efforts, capacity building activities, and development of hybrids for higher yield. It concludes with visions for expanding the area under pigeonpea production through introduction in new agro-climatic zones and exploitation of genetic resources from wild species.
16 March 2008 - ICARDA Experience on Conservation Agriculture : Applications ...CSISA
This document summarizes ICARDA's experiences with conservation agriculture in the WANA region. Some key points:
1) ICARDA has promoted reduced/zero tillage practices, permanent soil covers, and crop rotations to improve soil and water conservation in the degraded drylands of the region. This has included technologies like laser land leveling, raised bed planting, and surface seeding of wheat into cotton.
2) Studies found benefits like water savings, reduced costs, and increased yields from these conservation agriculture practices compared to traditional tillage. For example, planting wheat into standing cotton saved $23 million annually in Central Asia.
3) ICARDA is working to develop new crop varieties and introduce crops suited
1) The document discusses marketing strategies for specialty fertilizers, including value propositions in the food chain, food security through nutrient security, and solutions to enhance productivity and nutrient value.
2) It outlines various marketing strategies for specialty fertilizers like nutrigation, nutrient enhancement drivers, foliar feeding, customized fertilizers, and slow and controlled release fertilizers.
3) The conclusions emphasize promoting specialty fertilizers to help customers realize their value, producing protein for people affordably, and designing extension programs with the value chain in mind to improve food and nutritional security.
With Indian agri-food sector becoming a hotbed for MNC investment, we look at how agribusiness can help in improving the state of Indian agriculture and the need for policy regulations. The success of NIABI in furthering agribusiness opportunities through technology commercialization shows that the incubator network can play a pivotal role in promoting agribusiness in the country. A favourable environment supporting agribusiness and incubators needs to be developed so as to promote the sector.
Research and technology options for increasing crop yields and enhancing soil...ACIAR
The document discusses research and technology options for increasing crop yields and soil fertility in South Sudan. It provides background on South Sudan's land use and challenges facing its agriculture sector. Specifically:
- South Sudan has significant arable land but most agriculture is traditional and rain-fed, leading to low and unstable yields.
- Two civil wars resulted in loss of seeds, farming skills, and interest in agriculture. Overall crop yields are very low across the country.
- Options discussed to address this include on-farm research trials of techniques like intercropping and cover crops, providing agricultural inputs, improving infrastructure, and emphasizing applied research and extension services. The goal is to develop sustainable solutions to boost yields and soil health
Presentation by David Shearer to Fisheries Project Leader Meeting, june 2013ACIAR
Presentation by David Shearer, ACIAR Director Corporate, to the ACIAR Fisheries Project Leader Meeting, June 2013.
Topic: About ACIAR - current developments (external review), reporting against the CAPF, situation report.
The document outlines Morocco's Green Plan for Food Security. It discusses key challenges facing Morocco's agriculture sector, including water scarcity and dependence on food imports. The plan proposes two pillars: 1) aggressively developing a high-value commercial agriculture sector through public-private partnerships and 2) supporting smallholder farmers by helping them professionalize their operations. It highlights ongoing efforts like converting irrigation systems to drip irrigation to save water and increase productivity. The plan aims to boost domestic production, rural development and food security through modernizing agriculture while ensuring social and environmental sustainability.
This document discusses innovative partnerships for agricultural research and development (AR4D). It notes that partnerships between the public, private, and civil society sectors are critical for AR4D. The global challenges of food insecurity are outlined, including rising food prices, climate change impacts on agriculture, loss of arable land, and constraints from water, energy, labor and fertilizer availability. In response, there has been increased focus on agriculture through initiatives like the G8's New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition and USAID's Feed the Future strategy. Feed the Future prioritizes research in key geographies and production systems to achieve sustainable intensification and improve nutrition through three research themes: advancing the productivity frontier, transforming key production systems
This document discusses research efforts to increase cassava productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa for food security and potential biofuel applications. It outlines cassava production in Nigeria, progress in cassava breeding for higher yields and disease resistance, and opportunities to close the yield gap. Future directions include assessing biofuel technologies, identifying appropriate biofuel targets, and capitalizing on cassava trait diversity through breeding while prioritizing food and industrial uses in SSA. International research networks can help optimize investments in cassava research.
This document discusses strategies for increasing agricultural productivity, climate change adaptation, and greenhouse gas mitigation in Kenyan agriculture. It finds that many land management practices can provide "triple wins" by increasing yields and profits, reducing production variability to help farmers adapt to climate change, and increasing carbon sequestration in soils to mitigate climate change. Modeling of practices like improved residues, fertilizer use, fallow rotations, water harvesting, and livestock feeding show increases in soil organic carbon levels and maize yields. Integrated packages of practices generally improve profits the most. However, some arid area strategies have costs that outweigh benefits. Maintaining 75% of residues can sequester more carbon but is less profitable than removing 50%
Scope for sustainability: do castor beans and the biodiesel industry offer fa...Joanna Hicks
This document discusses research into the potential for castor bean cultivation by family farmers in Brazil to support sustainable development and the national biodiesel program. It presents survey results from 20 family farms that show variation in current productivity of maize, pasture, and milk yields. The research question asks if castor bean cultivation is suitable and sustainable when considering current and alternative productivity levels and farm management decisions. The document outlines frameworks for indicator selection and alternative farming system design using different castor bean yield levels and area planting strategies. Results are presented for economic and productivity indicators for 4 sample family farms under current and alternative scenarios.
This presentation discusses the evolution of developing country agriculture from the "Green Revolution" period to the emerging use of the "Gene Revolution" technologies.
Farmers in Iowa widely use GMO crops, with 90% of corn and 98% of soybeans being genetically modified. GMO seeds help farmers by increasing yields, reducing the need for chemicals through weed control and insect protection, and improving profitability. The biotechnology industry is actively working to develop new GMO traits to further increase yields, provide drought tolerance, and meet other consumer and environmental needs. The development and regulatory approval process for new GMO technologies takes around 10 years.
Pigeonpea is an ideal crop for sustainable agriculture as it provides food, feed, fuelwood, fodder, and acts as a bio-fertilizer through nutrient recycling. It is drought tolerant and performs well in low fertility soils. The document summarizes progress on various pigeonpea projects in Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa, highlighting farmer preferred varieties identified, drought tolerance screening results, disease resistance breeding efforts, capacity building activities, and development of hybrids for higher yield. It concludes with visions for expanding the area under pigeonpea production through introduction in new agro-climatic zones and exploitation of genetic resources from wild species.
16 March 2008 - ICARDA Experience on Conservation Agriculture : Applications ...CSISA
This document summarizes ICARDA's experiences with conservation agriculture in the WANA region. Some key points:
1) ICARDA has promoted reduced/zero tillage practices, permanent soil covers, and crop rotations to improve soil and water conservation in the degraded drylands of the region. This has included technologies like laser land leveling, raised bed planting, and surface seeding of wheat into cotton.
2) Studies found benefits like water savings, reduced costs, and increased yields from these conservation agriculture practices compared to traditional tillage. For example, planting wheat into standing cotton saved $23 million annually in Central Asia.
3) ICARDA is working to develop new crop varieties and introduce crops suited
1) The document discusses marketing strategies for specialty fertilizers, including value propositions in the food chain, food security through nutrient security, and solutions to enhance productivity and nutrient value.
2) It outlines various marketing strategies for specialty fertilizers like nutrigation, nutrient enhancement drivers, foliar feeding, customized fertilizers, and slow and controlled release fertilizers.
3) The conclusions emphasize promoting specialty fertilizers to help customers realize their value, producing protein for people affordably, and designing extension programs with the value chain in mind to improve food and nutritional security.
With Indian agri-food sector becoming a hotbed for MNC investment, we look at how agribusiness can help in improving the state of Indian agriculture and the need for policy regulations. The success of NIABI in furthering agribusiness opportunities through technology commercialization shows that the incubator network can play a pivotal role in promoting agribusiness in the country. A favourable environment supporting agribusiness and incubators needs to be developed so as to promote the sector.
Research and technology options for increasing crop yields and enhancing soil...ACIAR
The document discusses research and technology options for increasing crop yields and soil fertility in South Sudan. It provides background on South Sudan's land use and challenges facing its agriculture sector. Specifically:
- South Sudan has significant arable land but most agriculture is traditional and rain-fed, leading to low and unstable yields.
- Two civil wars resulted in loss of seeds, farming skills, and interest in agriculture. Overall crop yields are very low across the country.
- Options discussed to address this include on-farm research trials of techniques like intercropping and cover crops, providing agricultural inputs, improving infrastructure, and emphasizing applied research and extension services. The goal is to develop sustainable solutions to boost yields and soil health
Presentation by David Shearer to Fisheries Project Leader Meeting, june 2013ACIAR
Presentation by David Shearer, ACIAR Director Corporate, to the ACIAR Fisheries Project Leader Meeting, June 2013.
Topic: About ACIAR - current developments (external review), reporting against the CAPF, situation report.
Taking Research to Private Sector – Lessons learnt from the ACIAR Veneer proj...ACIAR
ACIAR is funding a project to test and develop new processing methods and products from veneer using Acacia wood. The collaborative project involves a number of Australian and Vietnamese research agencies, processing companies and donors. Details at veneervalue.com.
Accelerating Innovation in Agriculture 2014 01-23 ACIAR
Dr Achim Dobermann, outgoing Deputy Director General (Research) International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) presented a seminar at ACIAR on “Accelerating Agricultural Innovations for the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda” on 23 January 2014
ROLE OF ZINCATED WHEAT IN REDUCING HUNGER-DR MUHAMMAD ANJUM ALI Anjum Ali Buttar
The document discusses biofortification and the work of HarvestPlus to reduce hidden hunger through developing staple crops with increased micronutrients. It provides details on:
1) HarvestPlus' goal of developing staple crops like wheat, rice, cassava that are naturally high in vitamins and minerals to address micronutrient deficiencies.
2) Clinical trials showing that zinc biofortified wheat increases zinc intake and status of women and children in India and Bangladesh.
3) HarvestPlus' efforts to disseminate biofortified seeds to farmers in over 20 countries and plans to continue strengthening crop varieties and scaling up delivery through partnerships.
This document discusses biofortified crops in Bangladesh and their potential to address micronutrient deficiencies. It defines biofortified crops as staple foods bred to contain higher levels of vitamins and minerals. Bangladesh has successfully developed and released zinc-rich rice varieties that increase zinc intake and can reduce childhood stunting and mortality. Widespread adoption of these varieties could help over 40% of Bangladeshi children at risk of zinc deficiency. However, efforts are still needed to increase commercial availability and market access for biofortified crops, as well as nutrition education to encourage consumption. Overall, biofortification shows promise for sustainably combating micronutrient deficiencies in Bangladesh.
This document summarizes presentations from the First Global Conference on Biofortification. It discusses research presenting evidence on the bioconversion and effectiveness of provitamin A carotenoids from biofortified staple crops. It also examines gaps and constraints in demonstrating efficacy, and strategies for optimizing delivery and community acceptance of biofortified crops. Finally, it addresses progress and challenges in iron and zinc biofortification, and the need for further research to demonstrate efficacy and improved absorption.
Nutrition research of biofortified crops an updateIFPRI
Impact pathway and nutrition research findings on bio-availability and efficacy of provitamin A maize, cassava and sweet potato; high iron beans and pearl millet; high Zinc rice and wheat.
the third world countries are having the issue of hidden hunger or micronutrient deficiency. harvest plus is a CGIAR initiative with a mission of eradication of hidden hunger by 2020. the biofortification programmes are gaining their pace due to this organization.
Breeding for biofortification in cereals.Ashwani Kumar
Breeding cereals for biofortification can help address widespread micronutrient deficiencies. Variability exists among crop varieties for iron and zinc content. Pearl millet varieties with 10-30% higher iron and zinc have been developed through breeding. For rice, high zinc varieties with 35-40 μg/g zinc in polished grains have been identified. Golden rice has been developed through genetic engineering to produce beta-carotene and address vitamin A deficiency. Wheat breeding draws on wild relatives and landraces to introgress genes for higher iron and zinc into elite varieties. Ongoing biofortification research and new varieties developed through conventional and molecular breeding aim to make staple crops more nutritious.
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlusapaari
Biofortification using Underutilized Crops by Binu Cherian, HarvestPlus - Regional Expert Consultation on Underutilized Crops for Food and Nutritional Security in Asia and the Pacific November 13-15, 2017, Bangkok
The document discusses strategies for increasing food production in India to meet future demand. It notes that India faces a monumental challenge in feeding its growing population but that human ingenuity and science can help boost food supply. Current trends show India has become self-sufficient in many crops through yield increases via crop breeding programs and hybrid varieties. The document advocates further applying technologies like GM crops, biofortification, and genome editing to develop higher-yielding, more nutritious crop varieties in order to ensure food security for India by 2050 in a sustainable manner.
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish and its synergies with the C...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace and Tom Randolph at the the third annual conference on Agricultural Research for Development: Innovations and incentives, Uppsala, Sweden, 26-27 September 2012.
This document summarizes an expert consultation on the role of crop improvement in India and emerging partnerships. It discusses the contributions of plant sciences to crop production during the Green Revolution, lessons learned, and future challenges. It notes unprecedented agricultural production increases over the last 60 years but also emerging problems like malnutrition, declining yields and resources. Future strategies proposed include raising productivity on small farms, increasing incomes with low-cost technologies, managing natural resources sustainably, and partnerships between India and other countries on issues like climate change adaptation. Recent successes with crops like Bt cotton, soybean, potatoes, and basmati rice are highlighted.
Its provides information about nutrition situation in India and its solution. Bio-fortification in the context of horticultural crops and its methods . Global initiatives and Future Challenges associated with bio-fortification.
Golden Rice has the potential to reduce vitamin A deficiency by more than half according to multiple studies. It is a cost-efficient and sustainable solution to deliver vitamin A compared to other interventions like supplementation and fortification which have limitations and are not reaching all people in need. The development of Golden Rice and other biofortified staple crops through conventional breeding or modern biotechnology can help address micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. International programs are working to biofortify important staple crops with provitamin A, iron, zinc and protein.
Genetic Enhancement of Lentil for Adaptation to Various Cropping Systems an...ICARDA
Genetic Enhancement of Lentil for Adaptation to Various Cropping Systems and Nutritional Security in South Asia
2-13 September 2019. New Delhi, India. Over 8,000 participants from all over the world participated in COP14.
Presentation by Ashutosh Sarker
The document summarizes the work of the CGIAR, a global agricultural research partnership consisting of 15 international centers. It discusses several of CGIAR's major research programs and initiatives including the Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP) and Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) program. It also provides an overview of CIAT's contributions to these programs through its research on beans, cassava, and climate change adaptation in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
This document discusses biofortification as a process to improve the nutritional value of crops. It defines biofortification and explains the need for it due to widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Various strategies are described to biofortify crops through conventional breeding, genetic engineering and other methods. Successful examples of biofortified crops developed for traits like iron, zinc and vitamin A are provided. The document also outlines organizations working on biofortification and future challenges in the field.
Poster23: Agronomic and nutritional improvement of rice in LACIAT
The document discusses breeding rice varieties with higher nutrient content, especially iron and zinc, to combat malnutrition in Latin America. Several breeding strategies are being used, including evaluating germplasm, conducting multi-location trials, and crossing high iron/zinc parents. Best lines showing high yields, disease resistance, and grain quality along with increased iron and zinc will be released as varieties and distributed to farmers through partnerships with local research institutions. The goal is to contribute to food security, nutrition, health and sustainable rice production in the region.
Personal reflection on the status and challenges regarding use of agricultura...ExternalEvents
The document discusses the status and challenges of agricultural biotechnologies in Asia Pacific regions. It notes that molecular breeding, genetic engineering, microbiology, and biodegradation technologies are currently used approaches that can benefit farmers in the region. Some concerns with GM technologies include the need for proper risk assessment, management, and public awareness. New technologies such as gene editing should also be explored. Governments in the region need clear policies to facilitate the commercialization of products while addressing social issues.
- HarvestPlus is working to develop and disseminate biofortified crops in Africa to combat micronutrient deficiencies.
- Biofortified varieties of crops like maize, cassava, beans and sweet potato with higher levels of vitamins and minerals have been developed and released in multiple African countries.
- Studies show that when consumed regularly, biofortified crops can deliver significant amounts of nutrients like vitamin A and iron to improve micronutrient status. Farmers are willing to grow the crops and consumers are willing to eat them.
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HarvestPlus: Progress To Date andFuture Challenges
1. HarvestPlus:
Progress To Date and
Future Challenges
Howarth Bouis
HarvestPlus c/o IFPRI
2033 K Street, NW • Washington, DC 20006-1002 USA
Tel: 202-862-5600 • Fax: 202-467-4439
HarvestPlus@cgiar.org • www.HarvestPlus.org
3. % Changes in Cereal & Pulse Production
& in Population Between 1965 & 1999
Cereals Pulses Population
250
200
150
100
50
0
Developing
Developing
Developing
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
India
India
World
Pakistan
Pakistan
4. Share of Energy Source & Food Budget in Rural Bangladesh
Fish and Meat
Non-Staple
plants
Energy Source Food Budget
Staple foods
5. 50% Increase in All Food Prices
Share of Total Expenditures
Before After
Staples
Animal Staples
Non-Food Non-Food
8. Copenhagen Consensus
TOP FIVE SOLUTIONS CHALLENGE
1 Micronutrient supplements for
Malnutrition
children (vitamin A and zinc)
2 The Doha development agenda Trade
3 Micronutrient fortification
Malnutrition
(iron and salt iodization)
4 Expanded immunization
Diseases
coverage for children
5 Biofortification Malnutrition
11. #1 Breeding must increase nutrient
to levels that improve nutrition
Photo: Wolfgang Pfeiffer
12. Progress in Breeding I
• Genetic variation sufficient for
conventional breeding
• No tradeoff between yield and
mineral/vitamin content of seed
• Low-cost, high throughput
methods to quickly screen
promising lines have been
Photo: CIMMYT
discovered -- XRF
Photo: R.A. Stevens Photo: CIMMYT
13. Progress in Breeding II
•Genes identified/
MAS implemented
• Invested to
strengthen NARS
capacity
• Biofortified lines
have been submitted
to Varietal Release
Committees
Photo :IRRI
14. #2 Will extra nutrients be bioavailable at
sufficient levels to improve micronutrient
status?
15. Retinol Equivalency of provitamin A rich
foods: human studies
12:1 assumed in
defining Target Levels
Cassava
16. Photos: Neil Palmer (CIAT)
#3 Farmers must adopt crops and
consumers must buy & eat these.
17. One Crop Released...
24,000 Households reached
2007-092
Up to 68% of project HHs adopted
OSP.
Up to 47% increase in share of OSP
in total sweet potato area.
Orange Sweet
Potato (OSP) Up to a 100% increase in vitamin A
intakes for infants, children and
Vitamin A women.
Mozambique
Uganda
19. Crops for Africa & Release Dates
20112 2012 2012
Cassava Beans Maize
Vitamin A Iron (Zinc) Vitamin A
Nigeria Rwanda Zambia
DR Congo DR Congo
Crops are high-yielding and with other traits farmers want.
20. Crops for Asia & Release Dates
20122 20132 20132
Pearl Millet Rice Wheat
Iron (Zinc) Zinc Zinc
India Bangladesh India
India Pakistan
Crops are high-yielding and with other traits farmers want.
24. Past History
• Visits to nine Centers in 1993
• Inception meeting, 1994
• CGIAR Micronutrients Project (1995-
2002) – DANIDA funding
• IRRI conference 1999
• ADB project for rice (2000-2002)
• Fast-tracked Challenge Program 2002
25. • Micronutrient Technical Assistance
– Target: mostly plant breeders and nutritionists (+ their
labs)
• Developing protocols for harvesting crops and sample
preparation for analysis
– In-country workshops (training)
• Identifying sources of contamination in labs and equipment
– Troubleshooting problems
• Identifying new ways to analyse for Fe, Zn and carotenoids
– Rapid screening techniques to get the job done quickly and at
minimal cost
– XRF for Fe and Zn; ATR FT-IR for carotenoids
• Providing nutrient analysis to a large host of HarvestPlus
collaborators
Biological Sciences
Flinders University
26. • Capacity Building
– Building up the capacity for labs to do their
own analysis
• Rolled out 12 XRF units around the
world in the past 1.5 years
• Providing on-going support (through
visits, electronic correspondence,
proficiency studies)
• Setting up phytate analysis at ICDDR,B
in Bangladesh
• Molecular marker development in wheat
• Association Mapping Panel
• 330 genotypes; >90K SNP markers;
grown in Mexico and India (target
country)
• Will use as a training panel for
genomic selection
• Also providing analytical and
physiological support
27. Biofortified rice to prevent iron deficiency
• Rice grain is usually milled to remove the oily outer layers that cause
grain to go rancid – polished rice. Unfortunately, most iron and other key
micronutrients are also removed. A problem for all of the major cereals.
• By increasing uptake of iron from soil and the solubility of iron in plant
tissues, we have generated GM rice lines that have 4-fold more iron in
polished rice and meet our target concentration of 14 ppm iron.
C The increased iron in polished rice (A) is
positively correlated with nicotianamine
content (B). Recent work at the Australian
Synchrotron shows that the increased iron
(C, in green) accumulates in the outer
endosperm region of the grain.
28. Food Systems R&D
Graham Lyons et al
• Agronomic biofortification is feasible for Se (soil or
foliar), Zn (foliar) & I (soil, for leafy vegs, pasture)
• Biofortified Se in wheat is heat-resistant and highly
bioavailable
• Nutrition education, utilisation of local food crop
diversity, village-level crop trials and introduction
of improved genotypes improve micronutrient
delivery in deficient populations
• Current food system programs in Pacific, N Aust
and Indonesia aimed at improving human health
• African studies planned: SeZn+NPKS fertiliser in
Malawi; nutritional supplement v HIV disease
Slide 28
30. Solomon Islands women admiring ACIAR/HarvestPlus
local nutritious food posters at a clinic in Malaita
Slide 30
31. Challenges for Phase 3 (2014-18)
Scale up Delivery in Target Countries
• 10-12 countries
• Approx. $2 million per country-crop
• New releases from breeding pipeline
• Measure impact
32. Phase I Phase II Phase III
2018 >
2004 - 2008 2009 - 2013 2014 - 2018
Discovery/Research Discovery/Research
Crop Development Development
Crop Delivery
Establish new Institutionalize
partnerships and &
delivery modalities Integrate
Mass-scale delivery
Scientific proof of concept
Advocacy+ fundraising
33. Challenges for Phase 3 (2014-18)
Make Biofortification Sustainable
• Core breeding activity at ag. research
centers
• Work with International NGOs
• Approval from WHO, SUN etc
• UN Agencies, e.g. World Food Program
• Funding from Health donors
• Spinoff institution – Fund, technical
34. Why have solutions to
malnutrition been sought
outside of agriculture?
Photo: Neil Palmer (CIAT)
35. In Conclusion …
“Such intimately related subjects as
agriculture, food, nutrition and health have
become split up into innumerable rigid and
self-contained little units, each in the hands of
some group of specialists. The experts, …soon
find themselves…learning more and more about
less and less…The remedy is to look at the
whole field covered by crop production, animal
husbandry, food, nutrition, and health as one
related subject and…to realize…that the
birthright of every crop, every animal, and
every human being is health.”
"
First, what is hidden hunger? All at risk of disease and death. Stunted growth, reduced IQ, blindness, illness, and deathThose who survive to adulthood, increased risk of death during child birth, reduced ability to work, lower productivity GDP
Poor people eat least amount of nutrient-rich foods but spend the most on it,.
When food prices go up, staple food consumption is protected at expense of more nutritious foods
Biofort is…Focus on 3 micronutrients that are most limiting vitamin A, zinc, and ironHarvestPlus is breeding food crops with higher micronutrient content that will have a measurable impact on nutritional status at the public health level.
A one-time research investment to develop biofortified crops, low What struck CC was how cost-effective biofort can be..especially…
In 2008, CC came up with top 30 best solutions to GLOBAL challenges, NOT just problems in developing countries! (Fro example, climate change, terrorism were all considered).Biofort was #5…well what is biofort?
Let’s remember that most of the poor are in rural areas where they lack access to more nutritious foods. That is where our efforts are focused and other pieces of the puzzle do not work as well.
Biofortification complements other strategies to reduce micronutrient malnutrition
.
We have successfully released one crop-orange sweet potato with our partners with very promising results. Children under 5 reported consuming OSP twice a week when available. They tend to eat OSP boiled, and the amount of beta carotene consumed between OSP and other sources then exceeds the US recommended daily allowance for vitamin A when averaged over the week. We found women consuming more OSP (and vitamin A), and by and large households were consuming OSP they produced themselves. So there seems to have been enough to go around at their production levels in 2009. We are planning to do another survey next year to find out how much OSP has been retained by households that participated, to see in part if the vitamin A in the diet is still adequate three years after the project took place. More details on nutrition: The vitamin A estimated average requirement (EAR) for children is 210-275µg RAE depending on age and 500µg RAE for women. The vitamin A content of OSP in Moz was 726µg/100g in the North. If we ignore other sources of vitamin A in the diet and focus solely on OFSP (which we normally do not do), and if on average children consume 20-40g of OSP, their average vitamin A intake will be at the EAR level. For non-pregnant and non-lactating women, the equivalent amounts to be at the EAR level are 55-70g. These amounts represent half of a small OSP for children and one small OSP for women (or one half of a medium sized OSP). Our study participants at 73-81g and 144-165 g of OFSP in children and women respectively at endline far exceeded those amounts.
on breeding nutritious varieties of staple food crops eaten by the word’s poor that have more vitamins and minerals…both in Africa
and in Asia..
Not a controlled trial!Decline in CVD due to several factors
Not a controlled trial!Decline in CVD due to several factors
Make Biofortification Sustainable1st and 2nd yellow orange> make core breeding activity at ag. research centers with independent funding3rd yellow/orange> Work with local and International NGOs for mass-scale delivery (tweaking bur essentially current modalities) work with public (eg WFP) and pvt sector food companies, ag pull etc to develop new modalities of delivery. Codex.To institutionalize need a) seal of approval from WHO, MI etc based on sound efficacy studies and effectiveness. To integrate need buy-in from platforms, eg SUN/CAADP, govt policymakers etc. for biofort. to be integrated into other complmentary approaches.
“Such intimately related subjects as agriculture, food, nutrition and health have become split up into innumerable rigid and self-contained little units, each in the hands of some group of specialists ….. The experts, as their studies become concentrated on smaller and smaller fragments, soon find themselves … learning more and more about less and less. Everywhere knowledge increases at the expense of understanding …" ……The remedy is to look at the whole field covered by crop production, animal husbandry, food, nutrition, and health as one related subject and then to realize the great principle that the birthright of every crop, every animal, and every human being is health.”The Soil and Health, 1945
An English botanist and father of the organic agriculture