Designing qualitative study
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Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research.
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This document outlines and compares several types of research methods: naturalistic observation, case studies, surveys, correlational studies, and psychological testing. It discusses the advantages and limitations of each method. Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in natural environments but the presence of observers can alter behavior. Case studies allow extensive data collection from a single case but have limited generalizability. Surveys can gather large amounts of information quickly but rely on self-reported data. Correlational studies assess relationship strengths but cannot determine causation. Psychological testing provides standardized results but tests must be rigorously validated.
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This document provides an overview of the key differences between quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research involves collecting numerical data to objectively test hypotheses, while qualitative research relies on collecting text or image data from participants to understand their subjective experiences. The stages of research are also compared, with quantitative research using predetermined questions and large sample sizes, and qualitative research using emerging questions and smaller sample sizes. Common research designs are also outlined for each approach.
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IIAlternative Approachesto Program EvaluationPart1.docx
II
Alternative Approaches
to Program Evaluation
Part
109
In Part One, we referred to the varying roles that evaluation studies can play in
education, government, business, nonprofit agencies, and many related areas, and
readers were introduced to some of the different purposes of evaluation. We hinted
at some of the different approaches to evaluation, but we have not yet exposed
the reader to these approaches. We will do so in Part Two.
In Chapter 4, we examine the factors that have contributed to such differing
views. Prior efforts to classify the many evaluation approaches into fewer categories
are discussed, and the categories that we will use in the remainder of this book are
presented.
In Chapters 5 through 8, we describe four categories of approaches that have
influenced evaluation practice. These general approaches include those we see as
most prevalent in the literature and most popular in use. Within each chapter, we
discuss how this category of approaches emerged in evaluation, its primary char-
acteristics, and how it is used today. Within some categories, there are several major
approaches. For example, participatory evaluation has many models or approaches.
We describe each approach, including its distinguishing characteristics and contri-
butions, the ways in which the approach has been used, and its strengths and
weaknesses. Then, in Chapter 9, we discuss other themes or movements in eval-
uation that transcend individual models or approaches, but that are important in-
fluences on evaluation practice today.
Many evaluation books, often authored by the developer of one of the ap-
proaches we discuss, present what Alkin (2004) has called “prescriptive theories”
or approaches to evaluation. These books are intended to describe that approach in
depth and, in fact, to suggest that the approach presented is the one that evalua-
tors should follow. This book does not advocate a particular approach. Instead, we
think it is important for evaluators and students studying evaluation to be famil-
iar with the different approaches so they can make informed choices concerning
which approach or which parts of various approaches to use in a particular eval-
uation. Each approach we describe tells us something about evaluation, perspectives
we might take, and how we might carry out the evaluation. During this time of
increased demands for evaluation in the United States and the world—what
Donaldson and Scriven (2003) have called the “second boom in evaluation”—it is
important for evaluators to be aware of the entire array of evaluation approaches
and to select the elements that are most appropriate for the program they are
evaluating, the needs of clients and other stakeholders, and the context of the
evaluation.
110 Part II • Alternative Approaches to Program Evaluation
Alternative Views
of Evaluation
Orienting Questions
1. Why are there so many different approaches to evaluation?
2. Why is evaluation theory, as reflected in d ...
UNIT 1.pptx
This document discusses educational measurement and evaluation. It begins by defining key concepts like evaluation, measurement, and tests. Evaluation involves making value judgments, while measurement associates numbers with phenomena. Tests determine presence, quality, or genuineness. The relationship between measurement and evaluation is also explained. The document then covers major types of evaluation like program evaluation, which assesses projects and policies, and student evaluation, which assesses learning experiences. Formative evaluation informs improvement, while summative evaluation makes judgments after a program. The role and need for evaluation in education is to help achieve objectives, plan strategies, and refine techniques. Placement, formative, diagnostic, and summative evaluations can be used in classrooms. Results are interpreted through
Introduction to business research
This document provides an introduction and overview of research methodology. It discusses that research is both a set of skills and a way of thinking that involves questioning observations, exploring further, understanding explanations, and drawing conclusions. Research is defined as an inquisitive, critical, and analytical observation of work or practice to gain in-depth knowledge. The document also outlines different types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative vs mixed methods, and conceptual vs empirical. It emphasizes that research methodology considers the logic and rationale behind the methods used in a research study.
Sir Tariq M Research 1st Slide
The document summarizes key concepts in research methods based on a case study of Walmart by Harvard Business Review. It discusses the characteristics of good research, types of research including scientific research, quantitative and qualitative methods. The main steps in research process for both quantitative and qualitative methods are outlined. It also defines business research and distinguishes between basic and applied research.
Joana Zozimo presentation_25042015
This document provides an overview of Joana Zozimo's research exploring how evaluation practice changes over time in development education organizations. Specifically, it examines the evaluation of a three-year youth project run by NDEC through interviews and observation of coordinators, staff, and funders. Key themes that emerged include the absence of an evaluation culture, retrospective reflection on practice, resistance to evaluation, and how evaluation practice is shaped by the relationship between funders and recipients as well as changing expectations and competence over time. The research aims to contribute to understanding evaluation practice theory and dynamics within development education through a social practice theory lens.
programme evaluation by priyadarshinee pradhan
This document discusses concepts, needs, goals and tools related to program evaluation. It defines evaluation as a systematic process to determine the merit, worth and significance of a program or intervention using set standards and criteria. The primary purposes of evaluation are to gain insight and enable reflection to identify future changes. Some key goals of program evaluation include improving program design, assessing progress towards goals, and determining effectiveness and efficiency. Common tools for program evaluation discussed include interviews, observations, questionnaires, and case studies.
A Lesson about Ideas to Action Implementation
Science is designed to be objective and guided by data; art is subjective and deeply influenced by feelings and opinions. While the outcomes of science and art are quite different, the processes involved have undeniable similarities.
TSLB3143 Topic 1b Types of Educatioanal Research
- Basic research aims to expand knowledge without a direct commercial application. It seeks to develop and test theories through careful analysis.
- Applied research seeks practical solutions to problems through applying existing theories or data collection. It has a direct value to practitioners.
- Action research is conducted by educators to address practical problems in schools and classrooms. It follows a cycle of identifying problems, planning interventions, implementing actions, evaluating outcomes, and revising plans.
- Evaluation research assesses the effectiveness, quality, or value of programs, products, policies, or practices. It answers questions about what works and how well interventions achieve their goals.
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Week 12_Designing Instructional Materials and Conducting Summative Evaluation...
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IIAlternative Approachesto Program EvaluationPart1.docx
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Born in Berlin on March 1, 1858 Germany.
Received his PHD from the university of Berlin
German Sociologist, Author, and philosopher. Best known as a micro sociologist
Close acquaintance of Max Weber (1864-1920).
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Designing qualitative study
- 1. Outline What is qualitative studies ? How to design it ? Meta evaluation Clarity about purpose Conclusion
- 2. Qualitative research begins with assumptions A worldview the possible use of a theoretical lens. And the study of research problems inquiring into the meaning gives individuals or groups ascribe to a social human problem .
- 3. Natural setting . Inductive Holistic Reflexivity Interpretation
- 4. Different conception of design Typical or experimental research Operating through every stage of a research. Refocusing the research question Evaluation Ethical concern
- 5. Meta-evaluation is one form of evaluation and is increasingly being used means of identifying trends and quality in particular sectors. (lipsey 2000). A meta evaluation is an evaluation of an evaluation.
- 6. Validity Utility Conduct Credibility Costs
- 7. Purpose is controlling force in research . Designs about measurements ,analysis and reporting . Examining alternative purposes . Basic research to contribute to fundamental knowledge and theory. Applied research to illuminate a societal concern.
- 8. Summative evaluation to determine program effectiveness. Formative evaluation to improve a program. Action research to sole a specific problem.
- 9. Qualitative study is flexible, subjective and inductive approach etc. And it designs through the proper process. You have to clarify about the purpose of the study. What is meta evaluation meta evaluation is basically review of evaluation.
- 10. Thanks