This document discusses dental products used to promote oral health, including dentifrices, anti-caries agents, and desensitizing agents. It describes dental plaque as a sticky biofilm that forms on teeth and contributes to dental caries. Fluoride is discussed as an effective anti-caries agent when applied topically or through public water supplies in low concentrations. Sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride are mentioned as common topical fluoride agents. Side effects from fluoride overdosing like dental fluorosis are also summarized.

1. DENTAL PRODUCTS
Dentifrices, Dental caries/dental plaque, Anti-caries
agent,

4. Tooth

5. Classification
1. Dentrifrice/ Polishing Agents
2. Anti caries agenst
3. Desensitizing Agents

6. Dentifrices
 Those agents used for the health of teeth are called
dental products
 Most of them are over the counter (OTC) products.
 Dental products include anticaries agents (dentifrices
and fluoride salts), polishing agents, and desensitizing
agents.
 Abbrassion/friction

7. Monograph
1. Calcium Carbonate and
2. Dicalcium phosphate

8. Dental plaque
 Dental plaque, also known as tooth plaque,
microbial plaque and dental biofilm, is a soft,
sticky film that builds up on your teeth.
 Plaque is an extremely sticky, colorless to
pale yellow deposit of biofilm that regularly
forms on your teeth. this limits the absorption
of the compounds through the skin

9. Dental plaque

10. Dental Carries/Tooth decay
 Breakdown of teeth due to acids made by
bacteria. The cavities may be a number of
different colors from yellow to black.
 Symptoms may include pain and difficulty with
eating.
 Acid demineralization of the enamel, which can
progress to further breakdown of the more
organic, inner dental tissue

11. Dental Carries/Tooth decay

12. Role of fluoride as anticaries agent,
consequences of fluoride overdosing,
Sodium Fluoride and Stannous fluoride.
Anti-caries agent

13. Anti-Dental caries
 Preventable
 Agents that enhance the removal
of stain and dental plaque by the toothbrush.
 Flossing
 Administration of fluoride either internally or
topically to the teeth.

14. Role of fluoride as anticaries
agent
 orally and topically
 public water supply is the most convenient and effective may
of oral administration
 fluoride concentration of 0.7-1.0 ppm in sodium fluoride form
 Fluoride is anticariogenic as it replaces the hydroxyl ion in
hydroxyapatite with the fluoride ion to form fluorapatite in the
outer surface of the enamel. Fluorapatite hardens the enamel
and makes it more acid resistant. Fluorapatite has also
shown antibacterial activity. Fluoride is most beneficial upto
an age of 12 or 13 because unerupted permanent teeth are
mineralizing during that time.

15. Role of fluoride as anticaries
agent
 A 2% aqueous solution of sodium fluoride is
widely used topically.
 A freshly prepared 8% solution of stannous
fluoride is also extensively used for topical
application of fluoride

16. fluoride overdosing
 Fluoride overdose occurs when someone takes
more than the normal or recommended amount of
this substance.
 This can be by accident or on purpose.
 Fluorosis: a chronic condition caused by
excessive intake of fluorine compounds, marked
by mottling of the teeth and, if severe, calcification
of the ligaments.

17. Fluorosis
 Stains ranging from yellow to dark brown
 Surface irregularities
 Pits that are highly noticeable
 Due to water and inappropriate use of
fluoride-containing dental products such
as toothpaste and mouth rinses.

18. Sodium Fluoride
 NaF
 Mol. Wt. 41.99
 98.5 -100.5
 2HF + Na2CO3 → 2NaF + H2O + CO2↑
 Identification Tests:
 Sodium fluoride is an ionic salt and gives reactions for fluoride ion and sodium ion.
 1. Calcium chloride gives a white gelatinous precipitate of CaF2 with fluoride ions.
The precipitate dissolves in ferric chloride solution.
 CaCl2 + 2NaF → 2NaCl + CaF2 ↓
 2. Sodium salts react with an alkaline solution of potassium antimonite, KsbO3.3H2O
to give white precipitate of sodium antimonite NaSbO3.xH2O, which rapidly changes
to the crystalline sodium pyroantimonate, Na2H2Sb2O7. 6H2O.

19. Sodium Fluoride
 Test for purity:
It has to be tested for acidity or alkalinity; fluorosilicate; clarity and
colour of solution; chloride; sulphate and loss on drying.
Loss on drying: It should not be more than 0.5%, determined on 1 g by
drying in an oven at 130° for 3 hours.
Uses: It is used as preventive for dental caries because of its fluoride
ion content.
Formulations: Sodium fluoride is administrated as solution, tablet, oral
gel for systemic use or as mouth wash for local use.

20. Sodium Fluoride
 Assay:
 It is assayed by non-aqueous titration method. Weigh accurately
about 80 mg and add a mixture of 5 ml of acetic anhydride and 20
ml of anhydrous glacial acetic acid to it. Heat to dissolve, cool, add
20 ml of dioxan and titrate with 0.1M perchloric acid using crystal
violet solution as indicator until a green colour is produced.
 Carry out a blank determination and make any necessary
correction.
 Each ml of 0.1M perchloric acid is equivalent to 0.004199 of NaF

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