their is a presentation on oral hygiene product.Their is all the discription is available in this presentation like the oral hygiene product and their uses . And discuss the diseases related oral hygiene.all are available in this. if any thing is miss then tell me in commment i will pubilsh on next time. thats it

2. PHARMACEUTICS-IIB
(DOSAGE FORM SCIENCE)
PRESENTATION

3. SUBMITTED TO: MAM NIGHAT BATOOL
SUBMITTED BY: Muhammad Zubair
Mustanser Ali
Hassan Ali
REGISTRATION NO: BPD02181175
BPD02181277
BPD02181279

4. Oral Hygiene:
A clean mouth and properly functioning
teeth are essential for physical and mental
well-being. Research indicates that a clean
mouth prevents pneumonia, gum disease
and helps prevent heart diseases. Oral
care helps prevent infections in the mouth
by removing food particles and plaque and
it stimulates the circulation to the gums.
Oral care also eliminates bad tastes in the
mouth so food is more appetizing and it
prevents halitosis (bad breath)

5. INTRODUCTION:
CLASSIFICATION OF ORAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS
Oral hygiene products includes:
• Tooth paste
• Mouthwash
• Fluoride Varnishes & Gels
• Dental Braces
• Dental Floss

6. 1. TOOTH PASTE AND MOUTH WASH
These are two important items, used in a dental hygiene routine. They are essential for
preventing the build up of plaque which can lead to tooth decay and gum disease.
TOOTHPASTE:
Toothpaste is a popular commercial product which is applied to a toothbrush and used
to clean and improve the appearance of the teeth. It also freshens up the breath as
well.
Method of Application:
A small amount of toothpaste is applied to a toothbrush and rubbed onto the teeth.
The ingredients within the toothpaste help to remove food debris as well as tartar and
plaque. The flavouring ensures that your breath is clean and fresh afterwards.
Composition:
A propriety brand of tooth paste will contain Fluoride, Flavouring agents, Abrasive eg-
calcium pyrophosphate, Humectant e.g-glycerol & sorbitol, Thickeners or binders,
Preservatives - methyl paraben & ethyl paraben, and flavouring agent
Disadvantage:
triclosan, an active ingredient in many toothpastes can combine with chlorine in tap
water to form chloroform, which is a human carcinogen.

7. MOUTHWASH
This is a liquid which is rinsed around the mouth in order to remove any food deposits and protect the teeth
against gum disease and tooth decay.
Composition:
Water, Sweeteners, Flavouring agents, Preservatives, Detergent.
Disadvantage:
Mouthwashes with high alcohol content can burn the delicate mucus membranes in the mouth.

8. 2.FLOURIDE VARNISHES AND GELS
Fluoride varnish is a highly concentrated form of fluoride which is applied to the tooth's surface, by a dentist as a
type of topical fluoride therapy.
Fluoride varnish provides extra protection against tooth decay when used in addition to brushing. Fluoride varnish is
a pale yellow gel that sets quickly when applied to children's teeth using a soft brush. The varnish sets quickly, has a
pleasant taste and a fruity smell.

9. DENTAL GEL:
It is an intensive treatment that is formulated to treat and prevent
gum problems, such as red, swollen or bleeding gums. It is clinically
proven to help put a stop to the first stage of gum disease, gingivitis.
Composition:
Fluoride varnish is composed of a high concentration of fluoride as a
salt or saline preparation in a fast drying, alcohol and resin based
solution. The concentration, form of fluoride, and dispensing
method may vary depending on the manufacturer.
Disadvantage:
Not only is ingesting this chemical unhelpful for cavities, it’s also
dangerous as it accumulates in the body.
COMPOSITION:
Fluoride varnish is composed of a high concentration of fluoride as
a salt or silane preparation in a fast drying, alcohol and resin based solution.

10. 3. DENTAL BRACES:
Dental braces are devices used in orthodontics that align and
straighten teeth and help position them with regard to a
person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health.
Method of application:
Braces work by applying continuous pressure over a period of
time to slowly move teeth in a specific direction. As the teeth
move, the bone changes shape as pressure is applied.
Disadvantages:
If the teeth are not cleaned properly, problems such as gum
disease, tooth decay, and decalcification (white or colored
marks on the teeth) can result.

11. 4.DENTAL FLOSS:
Dental floss (or simply floss) is a cord
of thin filaments used to
remove food and dental plaque from
between teeth in areas a toothbrush is
unable to reach.
Benefits of using dental floss:
Brushing cleans the surface of your
teeth. You need to floss in order to
clean out the gaps between your
teeth, where bacteria often reside. If
you don't floss, you're more likely to
have plaque build-up, which can lead
to cavities, tooth decay, and gum
disease.

12. EFFECTS OF POOR ORAL HYGIENE (DISEASES)
If regular cleaning of the mouth is not taken seriously, some of the following issues may
appear which includes:
Cavities and Tooth Decay:
These can occur underneath built-up tartar and plaque because it is nearly impossible for
you to remove on your own. Tooth decay can also occur between teeth, making it difficult to
keep clean at home and may only be cleared away in a dental office.
Gum disease:
Occurs when plaque and tartar irritate the gum line. The gum line becomes inflamed and
small pockets form around the teeth, allowing for more bacteria, food, and plaque to get in
and further inflame the gums. This eventually leads to gum disease, which can cause tooth
and bone loss

13. Bad Breath (halitosis):
That white hardened plaque, brown tartar, and dental stains are all made up of bacteria.
This can cause a problem with bad breath that no amount of mints or gum will be able to
cover for you.
Heart Problems:
Latest research showed a relationship between gum disease and heart problems, and there
is even a possibility that bacteria from infected gums could enter the bloodstream (as
inflamed gums do bleed.) Some evidence suggests that people with gum problems have
increased levels of C-reactive protein. This protein is one of the indicators of an increased
risk of heart attack

14. Gingivitis:
It is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of
gums. The most common form of gingivitis is in response to
bacteria (also called plaque) that is attached to tooth surfaces,
termed plaque-induced gingivitis.
The symptoms of gingivitis are:
• Swollen gums
• Bright red or purple gums
• Gums that are tender or painful to the touch
• Bleeding gums or bleeding after brushing and/or flossing
• Bad breath (halitosis)

15. Periodontitis:
Gingivitis can progress to
periodontitis, in which the
inflammation of the gums results in
tissue destruction and bone
resorption around the teeth.
Periodontitis can ultimately lead
to tooth loss.

16. Prevention:
The best way to prevent serious health issues caused by bad oral health is to practice good
oral hygiene and schedule regular visits with your dentist.
To practice good oral hygiene:
• Brush the teeth and gums for two minutes at least twice a day.
• Floss the teeth daily.
• Avoid smoking cigarettes or chewing tobacco products.
• Use toothpaste and mouthwash products that contain fluoride.
• Limit sugary foods and drinks.
• Eat a well-balanced diet for optimum nutrition.

17. THANK YOU!