Downloaded 1,033 times
Uploaded byWaliullah Wali
Toothpaste
The document provides a comprehensive overview of toothpaste, detailing its definition, purposes, and various types, as well as the key ingredients and their functions. It explains the role of fluoride as an active agent in dental health and discusses how different toothpastes target specific issues like sensitivity, tartar control, and whitening. Additionally, it covers mouthwashes, highlighting their cosmetic and therapeutic uses in oral hygiene.
More Related Content
Toothpaste
- 1. Contents • Definition • Purposes •Ingredients • Types of toothpaste • How to choose a toothpaste? • Toxic components of a toothpaste • Caution on toothpaste usage 1
- 2. Definition A toothpaste ordentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of the teeth. Purposes • Cleaning • Polishing • Removal of stains • Reduce incidence of tooth decay • Reduction of oral malodors 2
- 3. Toothpaste Ingredients Abrasive s 20%- 40% Solid, insolubleparticles Causing abrasion Remove debris and residual stain from teeth Aluminium oxide Calcium pyrophosphate Carbonates like sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, Silica Binders 2% To provide consistency and shape. Polymers like Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Alginate ,Gums Humecta nts 20%- 40% Used in toothpaste to prevent loss of water and subsequent hardening of the product upon exposure to air. Glycerine Sorbitol Polyethylene glycol Mannitol Propylene glycol 3
- 4. Sweeteners and Flavors 2% eachImprove taste of toothpaste Sweeteners: sodium saccharin, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol Flavours: peppermint, spearmint, Surfactants 1%-2% Produce foam and aid in the removal of debris. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Sodium N-Lauryl Polyethylene glycol (PEG) Fluoride actives Adults: 1000- 1450ppm Children:<10 00ppm Increases resistance to enamel solubility. Sodium fluoride Sodium monofluorophosphate Stannous fluoride Preservatives <1% Prevent the growth of micro organisms Alcohols, sodium benzoate, 4
- 5. Different types ofToothpastes Anti-Caries / Cavity Protection toothpastes Sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosp hate contain fluoride to stop tooth enamel decalcification and protect teeth from tooth decay and cavities Eg. Colgate cavity protection Plaque & Gingivitis Prevention toothpastes Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Triclosane, Zinc and Stannous ions. antibacterial and prevent the formation of dental plaque. Eg. Crest-pro-health clinical gum protection Tooth Whitening toothpastes Papain, Dimethicone have either higher abrasion value than normal toothpastes to mechanically remove food, smoking and other stains from teeth. Eg. Colgate Optical White and Colgate Pro-clinical White. 5
- 6. Sensitivity toothpastes Potassium nitrate, strontium chloride, potassium citrate contain de- sensitising agentsto relief those with tooth sensitivity by closing the dentinal tubules. Eg. Colgate sensitive, Sensodyne Tartar Control toothpastes Pyrophosphates reduce new tartar build-up (but they can't remove the existing tartar). Eg. Colgate tartar protection with whitening Fresh Breath toothpastes Peppermint, spearmint, menthol enhance flavoring agents along with antibacterials to fight halitosis Eg. Colgate Max- fresh 6
- 7. ANTI-CARIES AGENTS Fluoride: – consideredto be the most effective caries-inhibiting agent, and almost all toothpastes today contain fluoride in one form or the other – The most common form is sodium fluoride (NaF), but mono-fluoro-phosphate (MFP) and stannous fluoride (SnF) are also used – Fluoride is most beneficial when the mouth is not rinsed with water after tooth brushing. In this way a bigger amount of fluoride is retained in the oral cavity 7
- 8. How do teethdecay? Tooth decay begins when the outer surface of the tooth is attacked by acid. The acid is produced by bacteria which live on the surfaces of the teeth as a layer called plaque. When foods or drinks containing sugars enter the mouth, the bacteria within the plaque rapidly converts the sugars into acid. The plaque can hold the acid in contact with the tooth surface for up to 2 hours before it is neutralized by saliva. During the time that the plaque is acidic, some of the calcium and phosphate minerals, of which enamel is largely composed, are dissolved out of the enamel into the plaque. This process is called demineralisation.
- 9. Fluoride: There are threemain theories considering the positive action of fluoride in the prevention of caries: FLUORIDE MODE OF ACTION The action of fluoride on enamel • Enamel consists primarily of a calcium-phosphate-based crystalline mineral called hydroxyapatite (HAP). • Fluoride is incorporated into the solid crystal lattice to form fluorohydroxyapatite (FAP). This form of enamel is harder than the naturally occurring HAP and more resistant to decay. 9
- 10. Positive action offluoride in the prevention of caries: • the most important anti-caries effect is claimed to be due to the formation of calcium fluoride (CaF2) in plaque and on the enamel surface during and after rinsing or brushing with fluoride. • CaF2 serves as a fluoride reservoir. • When the pH drops, fluoride and calcium are released into the plaque fluid. • Fluoride diffuses with the acid from plaque into the enamel pores and forms fluoroapatite (FAP). • FAP incorporated in the enamel surface is more resistant to a subsequent acid attack. 10
- 11. Mouthwashes • A mouthwashis defined as a non-sterile aqueous solution used mostly for its deodorant, refreshing or antiseptic effect. • Mouthwashes or rinses are designed to reduce oral bacteria, remove food particles, temporary reduce bad breathe and provide a pleasant taste. • Mouth rinses are generally classified as either cosmetic or therapeutic or a combination of the two. • Cosmetic rinses commercial over-the-counter products that • help remove oral debris before or after brushing, • temporary suppress bad breath, • diminish bacteria in the mouth • refresh the mouth with a pleasant taste. 11
- 12. Mouthwashes • Therapeutic rinses –often have the benefits of their cosmetic counterparts, – but also contain an added active ingredient, f. ex. fluoride or chlorhexidine, that help protect against some oral diseases • The amount of the different components in mouthwashes varies from product to product. • Some practically have the same composition as toothpastes, although they do not contain abrasives. • Distinct from toothpastes most mouth rinses contain alcohol, as a preservative and a semi-active ingredient . • The amount of alcohol is usually ranging from 18 – 26 % 12
Editor's Notes
- #4 Binders: Contribute to the creamy consistency of the toothpaste and hence, control the viscosity.