3. History
Dentifrice was used as early as 500 bc in both China and India;
Modern toothpastes were developed in the 1800s.
Alum was one of the earliest used substances (625-290 A. D).
In 1892, Dr. Washington Wentworth Sheffield invented toothpaste
tube.
Bibby (1942) did first clinical trial of fluoride toothpaste.
4. Definition—
A dentifrices is a substance used
with a toothbrush for the purpose
of cleaning the accessible
surface of teeth.
6. Cosmetic Dentifrice: They
effective in removing of extrinsic
staining that occur on tooth
surface often the end product of
bacterial metabolism ,range from
green to yellow to black
10. Application of Dentifrices:
Amount of toothpaste or gel needed for effective cleaning is per sized
dab on the top half of the toothbrush
Dentifrice should preferably dispersed in between bristles rather than
on the tips
Children under 6 years of age should only be given half the amount of
dentifrice as compared to that of an adult.
13. S Abrasive agent (calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate): forms
bulk of toothpaste. Helps to polish tooth by eliminating calculus and
soft deposits as well as food particles stuck on tooth and external .
S It depend on
S a. The hardness of abrasive
S b. The size of abrasive particle
S c. Shape of particle stains
15. S Humectant (sorbitol ,mannitol): The substance that
prevents drying of toothpaste and maintains wetness and
to maintain consistency of toothpaste & it act as preservation
agent such as ( sodium banzoate) , (glycerine) is a humectant
& sweetener agent.
17. They have several disadvantage :
a. it can be irritating to mucous membrane
b. it may cause nausea
c. Reduction in keratinisation of epithelium
d. Denatures the protein
e.7.5 percent of SLS produce inflammation of oral mucous membrane
18. f. Is your tooth paste giving you cause cancer sore ?????
Herlofson (1994 ) concluded that SLS containing tooth paste increased incidence of RAU.
20. Desensitizing agents:
Fluorides agents have been claimed to have desensitizing
properties and are contained in specialized dentifrices (e.g.
stannous fluoride).
Nonfluoride agents commonly used in desensitizing
agents include strontium chloride, potassium nitrate, and
sodium citrate.
21. Osmotic method
Based on the principle of osmosis, i.e. movement of fluid from
higher concentration to lower concentration.
An osmotic method consisting of the subjective pain response to
a sweet stimulus was used by Mcfall and Hamrick in 1987 to
measure the effect of several test dentifrices on dentinal
sensitivity
22. Various desensitising agent
Trade name Agents
Sensodyne 10% Strontium chloride and Sodium fluoride
Thermodent Protect 10% Strontium chloride 2% Dibasic Sodium citrate
Macleans Sensitive Strontium acetate and Sodium monofluorophosphate
Vantej Acesulfame Potassium,
23. S Flavoring agent peppermint, wintergreen) : The flavoring
agent must provide a pleasant taste , it should provide a
refreshing after taste .
24. S Sweetening agent (sacchairn): added to make the paste
acceptable for use in mouth .
S Anti plaque & anti gingivitis : (stannus salts) such as stannus
pyrophosphate & zinc citrate to maintain gum health
25. S Anti bacterial agent ( triclosan): This agent is effective in
reduction of supragingival plaque & supragingival calculus
& gingivitis
26. S Anti tarter agent & anti cariogenic ( tetra sodium
phosphate & Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate : The
pyrophosphate are crystals growth Inhibitors , which retard the
formation of calculus , the caries control because of it’ s
fluoride content.
27. S Fluorides: Compounds of fluoride are known to strengthen
enamel by remineralization and making teeth more resistant
to acids produced by bacteria. Stannous fluoride or sodium
monofluorophosphate are commonly used fluoride
compounds.
29. S Bibby at el ( 1947 ) fluoride compounds be incorporated in
dentifrices. Enamel solubility tests have shown that the
effectiveness of water-soluble fluorides such as sodium
fluoride is diminished when used in the presence of certain
dentifrice constituents such as calcium carbonate, dicalcium
phosphate or similar materials.
30. S It was found that dentifrice containing the 0.76% sodium
monofluorophosphate (1000 p.p.m. fluorine) with a mixture of 42%
insoluble sodium metaphosphate and 5% dicalcium phosphate
gave relief (reduction of sensitization of the teeth) in 66% of the
individual teeth and in of the individuals.
31. Disadvantage of fluoride containing tooth
paste
Fluoride-containing toothpaste can be acutely toxic if
swallowed in large amounts.
32. 15 mg/kg body weight is the acute lethal dose,
5 mg/kg may be fatal to children.
Nausea and vomiting
34. Few other ingredients
S Sodium carbonate peroxide/ Hydrogen peroxide: toothpastes
claiming to whiten your teeth usually have this ingredient.
S Herbal ingredients: These ingredients claim to be
hypoallergenic due to presence of natural ingredients instead
of chemicals.
35. S The treatment of tooth enamel with a mixture of stannous
fluoride, hydrogen peroxide and insoluble sodium
metaphosphate increases the enamel hardness as described in
The Journal of the American Dental Association, May 1950,
vol. 40, pages 513519.
36. Recent development in dentifrices
1. Tooth paste for children
2. Whitening tooth paste
3. Sodium bicarbonate tooth paste
4. Breath freshening tooth paste
37. Review of literature
1. Desava et al ( 1989 ) triclosan in solutions and dentifrices, a steady state
was reached by day 7 with blood levels in the parts per billion (ppb) range
and urine as the main route of excretion. Based on these studies, triclosan can
be considered safe for use in dentifrice and mouthrinse products.
2.Davies RM at el (2004 ) triclosan/ copolymer dentifrice significantly
improved plaque control compared with a fluoride dentifrice,
38. 3.D Hu et al ( 2005 ) dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer/
NaF provides effective control of oral malodor for up to 12 h.
4.S Sealzer et al ( 2015 ) it can be concluded that there was a
minor and most likely clinically insignificant difference between
Tcs- and SnF-containing dentifrices.
39. 5.DE Slot et al ( 2014 ) it may be concluded that toothbrushing
with a CHX gel does not provide conclusive evidence. Brushing
with a CHX dentifrice can be effective with regard to the control
of plaque and gingivitis.
40. Advice for parents:
S Parents should make sure a pea sized portion of flouride paste
is on the child’s toothbrush and remind the child to rinse and
spit .
S Menopause - Dentifrices with minimal abrasive particles
should be used.
S In case gingival recession -Dentifrices with minimal abrasive
particles should be used
41. References
1. Jan lidhe Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry, fifth edition
2. Herbert F. Wolf Color Atlas of Dental Hygiene-Periodontology
3. Carranza Clinical periodontology , 12th edition
4. D Hu et (2005 ) Clinical effectiveness of a triclosan/copolymer/sodium
fluoride dentifrice in controlling oral malodor: Oral disease:51-53.
42. 5. Sharma et al (1999). The clinical effectiveness of a dentifrice containing
triclosan and a copolymer for controlling breath odor measures
organoleptically twelve hours after brushing. J Clin Dent 4; 131–134.
6. Sealzer et al (2015) Comparison of triclosan and stannous fluoride
dentifrices on parameters of gingival inflammation and plaque scores: a
systematic review and meta-analysis .Int J Dent Hygiene 13 ; 1-17
7. Slot et al. (2014) The efficacy of chlorhexidine dentifrice or gel . Int J
Dent Hygiene 12; 25–35.
