Denim Washing & Its Effluents
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The document discusses washing denim garments and the associated effluent. It describes various wash types including rinse wash, stone washing, caustic wash, and bleach wash. Rinse wash is a basic wash to make garments wearable, while stone washing and caustic washing add faded or old looks. Bleach wash produces light blue shades. The document also notes that while dyes make up a small portion of water pollution, they are highly visible, and any type of waste or pollution-creating substance is considered effluent. Dry processes like tackin, sand blasting, and spraying are also mentioned.
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Garment washing
The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
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Garment washing transforms the appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments through various processes. The document discusses 10 types of washes including normal wash, pigment wash, caustic wash, enzyme wash, stone wash, super white wash, bleach wash, acid wash, silicon wash, and detergent wash. Each wash is used for specific reasons such as creating fading effects, softness, shrinkage, abrasion, consistent quality, and removing impurities. Stone wash in particular mimics natural wear by tumbling garments with stones to roughen fabrics like denim.
Denim washing
Denim washing is a finishing process that adds value and creates special appearances. There are chemical and mechanical washing methods. Chemical methods include enzyme washing, acid washing, and bleaching which use chemicals like enzymes and acids to break down indigo dye for color effects. Mechanical methods like stone washing use abrasive materials like pumice stones to create worn effects. Other techniques are sand blasting, whiskering, and laser treatments. Process parameters like chemical concentration, stone quantity, and treatment time affect the results. Washing adds value but also has costs for chemicals, machinery, and labor.
Garment denim washing process
This document provides information about the garment wet/chemical washing process. It discusses the objectives of garment washing such as changing appearance and comfort. It describes the major types of chemical washes and lists the chemicals commonly used, including enzymes, detergents, acids, and bleaching agents. The document also includes a recipe for a normal washing process and flow charts outlining both wet and dry garment washing methods.
Denim wash
1) Denim is a cotton twill textile where the weft passes under two or more warp fibers, producing a diagonal ribbing. There are various types of denim including bubble gum, colored, crushed, etc.
2) Denim washing is done to produce effects like fading, crinkles, and a softened feel. There are mechanical washes like stone washing and chemical washes like bleaching, enzyme washing, and acid washing.
3) Stone washing uses pumice stones to abrade fabric surfaces and create a worn look. Other mechanical washes include microsanding, laser technology, and scrubbing. Chemical washes include bleaching, enzyme washing, and acid washing.
DENIM FINISHES
Pumice stones are traditionally used in stone washing denim to give it a worn look. Pumice stones scrape dye from the fabric's surface during washing, creating a faded appearance. However, pumice stones can damage machines and fabrics. Synthetic stones and techniques like enzyme washing and acid washing were developed as alternatives. Enzyme washing uses cellulase enzymes that partially remove surface fibers and dye, similar to pumice stones but with less damage. Acid washing bleaches localized areas of indigo dye for high color contrasts. These alternative techniques aim to achieve a stone washed look while reducing pollution and costs compared to traditional pumice stone washing.
Garments washing plant
This document provides information about garment washing technology. It discusses the objectives of garment washing such as developing softness and introducing fading effects. It describes different types of garment washing processes including normal wash, bleach wash, and enzyme wash. It lists washing chemicals used and provides pictures of washing machinery. It also includes the advantages of garment washing and price lists for different washing services.
Denim washing process by Saurabh Rai
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The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
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Denim washing
Denim washing is a finishing process that adds value and creates special appearances. There are chemical and mechanical washing methods. Chemical methods include enzyme washing, acid washing, and bleaching which use chemicals like enzymes and acids to break down indigo dye for color effects. Mechanical methods like stone washing use abrasive materials like pumice stones to create worn effects. Other techniques are sand blasting, whiskering, and laser treatments. Process parameters like chemical concentration, stone quantity, and treatment time affect the results. Washing adds value but also has costs for chemicals, machinery, and labor.
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This document provides information about the garment wet/chemical washing process. It discusses the objectives of garment washing such as changing appearance and comfort. It describes the major types of chemical washes and lists the chemicals commonly used, including enzymes, detergents, acids, and bleaching agents. The document also includes a recipe for a normal washing process and flow charts outlining both wet and dry garment washing methods.
Denim wash
1) Denim is a cotton twill textile where the weft passes under two or more warp fibers, producing a diagonal ribbing. There are various types of denim including bubble gum, colored, crushed, etc.
2) Denim washing is done to produce effects like fading, crinkles, and a softened feel. There are mechanical washes like stone washing and chemical washes like bleaching, enzyme washing, and acid washing.
3) Stone washing uses pumice stones to abrade fabric surfaces and create a worn look. Other mechanical washes include microsanding, laser technology, and scrubbing. Chemical washes include bleaching, enzyme washing, and acid washing.
DENIM FINISHES
Pumice stones are traditionally used in stone washing denim to give it a worn look. Pumice stones scrape dye from the fabric's surface during washing, creating a faded appearance. However, pumice stones can damage machines and fabrics. Synthetic stones and techniques like enzyme washing and acid washing were developed as alternatives. Enzyme washing uses cellulase enzymes that partially remove surface fibers and dye, similar to pumice stones but with less damage. Acid washing bleaches localized areas of indigo dye for high color contrasts. These alternative techniques aim to achieve a stone washed look while reducing pollution and costs compared to traditional pumice stone washing.
Garments washing plant
This document provides information about garment washing technology. It discusses the objectives of garment washing such as developing softness and introducing fading effects. It describes different types of garment washing processes including normal wash, bleach wash, and enzyme wash. It lists washing chemicals used and provides pictures of washing machinery. It also includes the advantages of garment washing and price lists for different washing services.
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This document summarizes various denim wash techniques used to create faded and distressed effects on jeans. It discusses both chemical and mechanical washing processes, including stone washing, enzyme washing, acid washing, sand blasting, and laser finishing. Stone washing involves tumbling jeans with pumice stones to abrade the fabric, while enzyme washing uses organic enzymes as a more environmentally friendly alternative. The document also notes the advantages and limitations of different techniques.
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This document provides information on denim washing processes. It discusses the types of denim washes including enzyme wash, stone wash, bleach wash, and acid wash. It also describes the purpose of washing denim garments, which is to remove sizing, soften the fabric, modify appearance, and create different finishes and effects. The document outlines the chemical washes used such as bleach wash, which uses a strong oxidizing bleaching agent like sodium hypochlorite. It also lists the types of machines commonly used in washing plants.
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From this presentation you understand how many types of washing techniques used in current scenario by textile industries or fashion industries
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3. The steps involved in specific processes like normal wash, silicon wash, caustic wash, and enzyme wash of denim garments.
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Fabric and garment finishing
1. Denim fabric finishing involves mechanical and chemical washes to enhance the fabric's appeal and provide strength. Common mechanical washes include stone washing, which uses pumice stones to abrade fabric surfaces, and microsanding, which similarly abrades fabric surfaces using sand or other abrasives.
2. Common chemical washes include enzyme washing, which uses cellulase enzymes to selectively break down cotton fibers, acid washing, which uses acid to create color contrasts, and bleach washing, which uses bleaching agents to lighten the fabric. Each method produces different aesthetic effects but also has limitations like lack of color uniformity, potential damage, or environmental pollution.
3. Proper selection of wash method and process
DRY PROCESS
The document discusses various dry process techniques used for denim garments. Some key processes mentioned include sand blasting, hand sanding, whiskering, pp spraying, destroying, grinding, crinkling, resin spraying, and heat pressing. Sand blasting uses compressed sand to remove color, while hand sanding does so manually. Whiskering creates patterns by removing color in designed areas. Resin is also discussed for applications like permanent creasing. Proper resin application and curing is important to avoid fabric damage.
Acid wash
The document discusses acid wash, which is a technique used to produce fading effects on denim and other thick fabrics. It involves using pumice stones that brush against the fabric during the washing process. This causes more fading in areas that receive more brushing from the stones. The document provides details on the multi-step acid wash process, including pretreatment, washing, rinsing, drying and quality control steps. It notes that irregular fading effects are produced as a result of the abrasion from the pumice stones during the process.
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This document discusses the stone wash process for denim jeans. It describes how stone wash uses large stones to roughen fabric, creating irregular fading effects. It explains that the degree of fading depends on factors like garment to stone ratio, washing time, and stone size. The procedure involves loading stones and garments into a washing machine, desizing with enzymes, tumbling for 30-90 minutes, then removing stones and drying the garments. Problems with stone wash include potential damage to machines, increased labor, and back staining of garments.
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The document discusses various finishing and washing techniques for denim, including stone washing, enzyme washing, acid washing, and bleaching. Stone washing involves tumbling denim with pumice stones to achieve a soft, worn look. Enzyme washing uses cellulose enzymes to selectively remove indigo dye from fabric surfaces. Acid washing involves tumbling denim with peroxide- or permanganate-soaked stones to create a bleached effect. Various uncommon denim types and treatments are also outlined, such as bubblegum, coloured, crushed, vintage, and sandblast denim.
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This document discusses denim washing techniques. It begins with an introduction to denim fabric and its history. It then describes various types of denim and finishes that can be applied, such as stone washing, acid washing, sandblasting, and laser finishing. Specific techniques like stone washing, microsanding, and whiskering are explained in detail. The document provides information on the process, materials used, and effects of different denim washing methods. It concludes with a reference section citing additional sources.
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This document summarizes various denim wash techniques used to create faded and distressed effects on jeans. It discusses both chemical and mechanical washing processes, including stone washing, enzyme washing, acid washing, sand blasting, and laser finishing. Stone washing involves tumbling jeans with pumice stones to abrade the fabric, while enzyme washing uses organic enzymes as a more environmentally friendly alternative. The document also notes the advantages and limitations of different techniques.
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The document discusses various washing techniques used in denim fabric production. It begins with a brief history of denim fabric and jeans. It then covers the different types of washes including chemical washes like bleaching, enzyme washing, and acid washing. It also discusses mechanical washes such as stone washing and microsanding. For each wash technique, it provides details on the process and limitations. The goal of these denim washing techniques is to produce an aesthetic distressed look in a safe and controlled manner.
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The document discusses the process of garment washing. It begins by defining garment washing as the technology used to modify the appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments. The main purposes of washing are to create a worn look, faded appearance, and soft feel. It then discusses the various requirements and effects of washing, including removing size materials, dirt, shrinkage, and creating different fashion looks. The document outlines the types of chemicals used like enzymes, detergents, acids, and bleaches and their functions. It also lists the types of machines used and inspection process for graded fabrics. Finally, it provides details of the normal washing process for garments in batches.
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This document provides information on denim washing processes. It discusses the types of denim washes including enzyme wash, stone wash, bleach wash, and acid wash. It also describes the purpose of washing denim garments, which is to remove sizing, soften the fabric, modify appearance, and create different finishes and effects. The document outlines the chemical washes used such as bleach wash, which uses a strong oxidizing bleaching agent like sodium hypochlorite. It also lists the types of machines commonly used in washing plants.
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From this presentation you understand how many types of washing techniques used in current scenario by textile industries or fashion industries
Industrial Apparel washing
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
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A wrinkle, also known as a rhytide, is a fold, ridge or crease in the cloth or garments. Wrinkle is a particular type of pressure in the finished fabric. It is produced during finishing operations by the thickness of the seam used to join pieces for processing.Resin & its use in Denim garments industry to create unique & vintage looks which add value to denim garments & improves it sale ability in market. In 80’s we have seen Resin being used to give non press , iron free trousers & now we are using in Denims to make wrinkles & creases to look natural vintage which stays after multiple home laundries.
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The document discusses various aspects of garment washing and dyeing processes. It provides answers to 90 questions on topics like:
1. The different types of garment washing processes including normal wash, silicon wash, enzyme wash, and their purposes.
2. The machines and chemicals used in washing plants for processes like desizing, softening, bleaching, and dyeing.
3. The steps involved in specific processes like normal wash, silicon wash, caustic wash, and enzyme wash of denim garments.
4. The functions of processes like desizing, bleaching, and enzyme wash and how they modify garment properties.
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Study of denim fabric
The document summarizes an experiment analyzing the effect of conditioning and softener treatment on the physical properties of denim fabric. Samples were tested with and without standard conditioning to determine the impact of temperature and humidity. Conditioned samples showed higher strength and weight. A second experiment applied cationic and silicone softeners to samples, finding silicone softener improved tear strength but reduced tensile strength and rubbing fastness more than cationic softener. Both softeners decreased properties from the untreated fabric. Conditioning was found essential for accurate testing.
Use 0f Potassium Permanganate on Denim Jeans
Potassium permanganate spray is done on jeans to take a bright effect on sand blast area. One important thing about potassium permanganate spray is, this is usually a sporting process to increase the effect of sand blast and which is one of the most important process i denim washing.
Fabric and garment finishing
1. Denim fabric finishing involves mechanical and chemical washes to enhance the fabric's appeal and provide strength. Common mechanical washes include stone washing, which uses pumice stones to abrade fabric surfaces, and microsanding, which similarly abrades fabric surfaces using sand or other abrasives.
2. Common chemical washes include enzyme washing, which uses cellulase enzymes to selectively break down cotton fibers, acid washing, which uses acid to create color contrasts, and bleach washing, which uses bleaching agents to lighten the fabric. Each method produces different aesthetic effects but also has limitations like lack of color uniformity, potential damage, or environmental pollution.
3. Proper selection of wash method and process
DRY PROCESS
The document discusses various dry process techniques used for denim garments. Some key processes mentioned include sand blasting, hand sanding, whiskering, pp spraying, destroying, grinding, crinkling, resin spraying, and heat pressing. Sand blasting uses compressed sand to remove color, while hand sanding does so manually. Whiskering creates patterns by removing color in designed areas. Resin is also discussed for applications like permanent creasing. Proper resin application and curing is important to avoid fabric damage.
Acid wash
The document discusses acid wash, which is a technique used to produce fading effects on denim and other thick fabrics. It involves using pumice stones that brush against the fabric during the washing process. This causes more fading in areas that receive more brushing from the stones. The document provides details on the multi-step acid wash process, including pretreatment, washing, rinsing, drying and quality control steps. It notes that irregular fading effects are produced as a result of the abrasion from the pumice stones during the process.
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This document discusses the stone wash process for denim jeans. It describes how stone wash uses large stones to roughen fabric, creating irregular fading effects. It explains that the degree of fading depends on factors like garment to stone ratio, washing time, and stone size. The procedure involves loading stones and garments into a washing machine, desizing with enzymes, tumbling for 30-90 minutes, then removing stones and drying the garments. Problems with stone wash include potential damage to machines, increased labor, and back staining of garments.
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The document discusses various finishing and washing techniques for denim, including stone washing, enzyme washing, acid washing, and bleaching. Stone washing involves tumbling denim with pumice stones to achieve a soft, worn look. Enzyme washing uses cellulose enzymes to selectively remove indigo dye from fabric surfaces. Acid washing involves tumbling denim with peroxide- or permanganate-soaked stones to create a bleached effect. Various uncommon denim types and treatments are also outlined, such as bubblegum, coloured, crushed, vintage, and sandblast denim.
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This document discusses denim washing techniques. It begins with an introduction to denim fabric and its history. It then describes various types of denim and finishes that can be applied, such as stone washing, acid washing, sandblasting, and laser finishing. Specific techniques like stone washing, microsanding, and whiskering are explained in detail. The document provides information on the process, materials used, and effects of different denim washing methods. It concludes with a reference section citing additional sources.
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1. Denim washing involves mechanical and chemical processes to enhance the aesthetic appeal and strength of denim fabric. Common mechanical processes include stone washing and microsanding which use abrasive materials like pumice stones.
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This PowerPoint presentation summarizes the process of scouring and its cleaning mechanism. Scouring removes natural and added impurities from textiles like oils, fats, waxes to make the material hydrophilic and clean. It works through three major processes: saponification converts oils into soluble soaps, emulsification removes non-polar waxes and oils by forming emulsions, and detergency uses detergents to disperse and suspend dirt particles in the scouring solution. The end goal of scouring is to produce a highly absorbent and clean textile material by removing impurities and natural colors.
New slide.pptx
The document discusses the production of soap and detergents through various chemical processes. It describes the group members presenting on the topic and provides an outline of the contents to be covered, including the chemistry of soap, manufacturing processes like the Colgate Palmolive and Lever Rexona continuous processes as well as batch processes, and the cleansing action of soap. Key steps in the continuous processes involve saponification, lye separation, soap washing, neutralization and drying. The batch process involves heating, purification, mixture heating, saponification, addition of materials like sodium chloride and additives, and moulding. Soap works by forming micelles that emulsify oil and allow dirt to be washed away.
Presentation on Pretreatment (Scouring & Bleaching)
This presentation discusses pretreatment processes like scouring and bleaching. Scouring removes impurities from textiles using alkali to increase absorbency. The standard scouring recipe uses sodium hydroxide, soda ash, and wetting agents. Bleaching destroys color from fabrics using oxidizing agents to break color linkages. The standard bleaching recipe uses hydrogen peroxide, sodium silicate, and wetting agents. The presentation suggests future pretreatment methods may use eco-friendly enzymes instead of chemicals and integrate processes into single machines.
pretreatment is the heart of wet processing.
Pretreatment is an essential process for textile materials prior to dyeing and printing. The key processes include singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, and mercerizing. Singeing burns off protruding fibers to smooth the surface. Desizing removes starch coatings from warp yarns. Scouring makes the fabric highly absorbent by removing natural oils and impurities. Bleaching removes natural colorants to whiten the fabric. Mercerizing improves luster, strength, and dye uptake of cotton fabrics. All pretreatment processes prepare textiles for downstream applications.
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- 1. WASHING & ITS EFFLUENT (DENIM) Presenter Md. Rubaiet Ibn Raihan Department of Textile Engineering www.linkedin.com/in/rubaiet-raihan-a1a57a12a
- 2. WASHING: • Denim comes in all forms, looks and washes. • Why denims, garment Washing is done ? • Patchiness, crinkles, seam puckering, hairiness. • De-piling, softened-hand feel, stabilized dimensions.
- 3. EFFLUENT OR WASTES: • The release of dyes into the environment constitutes only a small proportion of water pollution, but dyes are visible in small quantities due to their brilliance. BUT • Any kind of wastes or pollution creating substance is a waste and effluent.
- 5. RINSE WASH: • Basic wash for denim garment. • Only purpose of this wash is to make the garment wearable. • DE sized and some softening agent is applied.
- 7. STONE WASHING: • Pumice stone give the additional effect. • Removing some dye particles
- 8. CAUSTIC WASH: • Caustic wash generally doing on Reactive dye, Sulfur dye, Direct dyed or printed Garments • To fading/old looking affect on Garment and seam abrasion affection seam area. • To remove the size materials, starch from the garments. • To increase the color fastness & rubbing fastness. • For soft feeling to wear the garments. • To increase the hairiness on garments. • To achieve the buyer reference sample.
- 9. BLEACH WASH: • Bleach wash or light stone wash refers to light blue shades of denim. • Chemicals are sodium hypo-chlorite, calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen per oxide and potassium permanganate.
- 11. • PP Spray • Tinting • Tacking • Sand Blasting • Whiskers • Topping • Distortion • Scraping
- 12. LETS GO THROUGH SOME PICTURES: Tackin Sand Blastin Scrapin PP Spray
- 14. THANK YOU