This document provides information about the garment wet/chemical washing process. It discusses the objectives of garment washing such as changing appearance and comfort. It describes the major types of chemical washes and lists the chemicals commonly used, including enzymes, detergents, acids, and bleaching agents. The document also includes a recipe for a normal washing process and flow charts outlining both wet and dry garment washing methods.

2. GARMENT DENIM WET PROCESS
ZULFIQAR ALI
DATED:26,JANUARY 2017

3. CONTENTS
GARMENT
WASHING
OBJECTIVES
TYPES
CHEMICALS
USED
IMPORTANCE
OF
CHEMICALS
RECIPE
OF
WASHING

4. WHAT IS GARMENT WASHING?
TO CHANGE OR
MODIFY
OUTLOOK OF
GARMENT
TO CHANGE THE
COMFORTABILITY
TO CHANGE THE
DESIGN

5. TO DEVELOP SOFTNESS
TO INTRODUCE FADDING LOOK
TO CREATE NEW FASHION DESIGN
TO REMOVE DIRT/DUST
TO REMOVE STARCH/SIZE

6. TYPESOFPROCESS
MECHANICAL OR DRY PROCESS
CHEMICAL OR WET PROCESS

7. 1. Normal wash
2. Pigment wash
3. Enzyme wash
4. Stone wash
5.Bleach wash
6. Enzyme-stone wash
7. Bleach-stone wash
8. Acid wash
Garment Wet/Chemical process

8. Garment Dry/Mechanical Process
1. Sand blasting
2. Whisking or wrinkling
3. Hand scrapping
4. KMnO4(PP spraying)
5. Destroying

9. CHEMICALS USED IN WASHING

10. CHEMICAL USED IN GARMENT WASHING
– Enzyme
– Detergent
– Acetic Acid
– Anti stain
– Bleaching powder
– Sodium hyposulfite
– Caustic Soda
– Soda Ash
– Sodium Bicarbonate
– Potassium permanganate
– Cationic / nonionic Flax softener
– Micro Emulsion Silicon
– Salt (sodium chloride)
– Buffer
– Hydrogen peroxide
– Stabilizer
– Fixing agent
– Optical Brightener
– Resin
– Sodium Meta bi sulphite
– De sizing agent
– Etc.

11. MAJOR CHEMICALS COMPANIES IN PAKISTAN
SNO NAME OF COMAPNY CHEMICALS FOR GWP REMARKS
1 DYSTAR SURFACTANT/SOFETNER
2 ARCHROMA OFBA/SOFTENER
3 CHT/BEZEMA DYES
4 SITARA BLEACHING AGENT
5 ICI PAKISTAN SODA ASH
6 RUDOLF DYEING/PRE-TREATEMENT
7 MUKASHI BIO-POLISHING ENZYME

12. • ENZYME :
The action of enzyme during enzyme wash it hydrolysis the cellulose.
As a result color comes out from the yarn portion and faded affect is produced.
• DETERGENT :
To remove impurities, mineral oil contamination and sizes from the garments.
• ACETIC ACID (CH3COOH) :
Acetic Acid is used to neutralize the garments from alkaline condition and to
control the pH value in wash bath.

13. • ANTI-STAIN :
Anti stain is used to prevent the staining on weft yarn of the denim.
• SODIUM HYPOSULPHITE :
Sodium hypo sulphite is used to neutralize the garments from chlorine bleach.
• CAUSTIC SODA :
Caustic creates fading affect/old looking affect come rapidly on garments.

14. • SODIUM BICARBONATE
It is used in the bleach bath with bleaching powder for
Denim Light shade.
• POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
It is used also spray chamber by nozzle for color out
(whitish affect) from the garments.
• SOFTENER
Softener is used to make the garments treated textiles
a surface feel that is both silky and soft and also provides
excellent lubricating properties.

15. • SODIUM CHLORIDE (SALT) :
It helps to exhaust dye in to the fiber.
• BUFFER :
Buffer is used in washing plant for pH control of enzyme bath, softener bath, de sizing bath.
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE :
Hydrogen peroxide is used in scouring, bleaching bath for white/ready for dyeing of gray fabric
garments.
It is used also to neutralize the garment from alkaline condition.
• STABILIZER :
Stabilizer is used to protect break the hydrogen peroxide and peroxide works in bath
smoothly.

16. • FIXING AGENT :
Fixing agent is used for unfixed dye to fix on fabrics, when fabric color will
be proper fixing then color fastness & rubbing fastness will be increased.
• OPTICAL BRIGHTNESS :
Two types of optical brightener are used in the washing plant – a) Red
brightener. b) Blue brightener. Mainly optical brightener is used for improve
the brightness of garments.

17. RESIN :
Resin is used for the creation of semi-permanent creases in denim and
other cellulose fabrics.
SODIUM METABISULPHITE :
Sodium meta bi sulphite is used in the washing plant to neutralized
the garment from potassium permanganate.
DESIZING AGENT :
Desizing agent is used to remove mainly starches, waxes, fats
pectin’s, minerals & unfixed indigo dye.

18. Garments from store house
↓
Count
↓
Quality check
↓
Batch
↓
Washing
↓
Hydro extractor
↓
Drying
↓
Quality check
↓
Packing
↓
Delivery
Garment
washing flow
chart

19. FLOW CHART FOR DRY PROCESS
Whisker Scrapping TaGing Destroy/ Tearing P.P Spray 3D

21. QUESTION ???
•WHY WE USE PUMIC STONE IN WASHING?

22. WET PROCESS FLOW CHART
•DESIZE
•HOT WASH
•BLEACHING
•NEUTRALIZE
•CLEANING
•HYDRO-EXTRACTOR
•DRYER
ENZYME

24. Recipe for Normal washing
First Step :-
Lot size:70 kg.
water @ L: R = 1: 8..560
Liter.
Machine Running.
Detergent @ 0.5 gm / Liter
.280 gm.
Temp.40°c to 60°c.
Time :5 to 10 minutes.
Drop the liquor-Cold wash
Second Step :-
L : R = 1: 6/420 liter.
Washing machine running
softener @ 0.6 gm / liter.. 252
gm.
Acetic Acid @ 0.5 gm /
liter..210 gm.
Time.5 to 10 mts.
Drop the liquor.
Unload the Garments.
Third Step:
Hydro extraction (700-
900rpm)
To remove excess water
Fourth Step:
Steam Dryer
Load on steam dryer - 50
kg
Temperature : 60°c - 70°c
Time - 40 - 50 mts for dry.
Time - 10 - 15 mts for cold
dry.