This document summarizes the denim processing steps including desizing, abrasion, bleaching, and finishing. It defines key terms like denim fabric composition and dyeing methods. The processing involves both dry techniques like sandblasting and wet processes like enzyme washes using amylase, cellulase and other chemicals to break down starch, weaken fibers, and decolorize indigo for stonewashed effects. Proper chemicals, temperatures, pH and times are outlined for each wet processing step.
An overview of denim washing process.This article has been published on Denimjeans.com. I just compile the two articles and make a PDF of it so that people can get info easily .
Potassium permanganate spray is done on jeans to take a bright effect on sand blast area. One important thing about potassium permanganate spray is, this is usually a sporting process to increase the effect of sand blast and which is one of the most important process i denim washing.
Study of denim fabric was done based on the following:
1. Effect of chemical conditioning on physical properties of denim fabric.
2. Analysis of cationic and silicon softener on physical and chemical properties of denim fabric.
3. Analysis of different types of dry and wet denim washing.
It was concluded that:
1. Conditioning is a must for testing fabrics. Any test done in a non-conditioning atmosphere provides a difference in results.
2. The effect of silicone softener has been found to be more as compared to that of cationic softener.
3. Softeners improve the hand feel of the fabric as well as increase the tear strength but decrease the tensile strength and degrade the rubbing fastness property of the fabric.
An overview of denim washing process.This article has been published on Denimjeans.com. I just compile the two articles and make a PDF of it so that people can get info easily .
Potassium permanganate spray is done on jeans to take a bright effect on sand blast area. One important thing about potassium permanganate spray is, this is usually a sporting process to increase the effect of sand blast and which is one of the most important process i denim washing.
Study of denim fabric was done based on the following:
1. Effect of chemical conditioning on physical properties of denim fabric.
2. Analysis of cationic and silicon softener on physical and chemical properties of denim fabric.
3. Analysis of different types of dry and wet denim washing.
It was concluded that:
1. Conditioning is a must for testing fabrics. Any test done in a non-conditioning atmosphere provides a difference in results.
2. The effect of silicone softener has been found to be more as compared to that of cationic softener.
3. Softeners improve the hand feel of the fabric as well as increase the tear strength but decrease the tensile strength and degrade the rubbing fastness property of the fabric.
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
A wrinkle, also known as a rhytide, is a fold, ridge or crease in the cloth or garments. Wrinkle is a particular type of pressure in the finished fabric. It is produced during finishing operations by the thickness of the seam used to join pieces for processing.Resin & its use in Denim garments industry to create unique & vintage looks which add value to denim garments & improves it sale ability in market. In 80’s we have seen Resin being used to give non press , iron free trousers & now we are using in Denims to make wrinkles & creases to look natural vintage which stays after multiple home laundries.
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
A wrinkle, also known as a rhytide, is a fold, ridge or crease in the cloth or garments. Wrinkle is a particular type of pressure in the finished fabric. It is produced during finishing operations by the thickness of the seam used to join pieces for processing.Resin & its use in Denim garments industry to create unique & vintage looks which add value to denim garments & improves it sale ability in market. In 80’s we have seen Resin being used to give non press , iron free trousers & now we are using in Denims to make wrinkles & creases to look natural vintage which stays after multiple home laundries.
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
Dip Dye : Immerse (a yarn or fabric) in a special solution in order to color it.Dip dye originates from the process of tie dyeing clothing (especially T-shirts). Dip-dyeing and the ombre hairstyle are similar, however, dip dyeing usually involves brighter neon colors than an ombre style, which is typically a more blended and natural coloration
2. DEFINITIONS
• DENIM : A Firm 2/1 or 3/1 cotton twill-weave fabric with
dyed blue warp and raw white weft. ( similar to yarn dyed
fabric )
• Warp is dyed with indigo dyes .
• Various dyeing methods, recipes, concentrations, the
reactions and oxidation time influences the effect and
characteristics of the finishes
3. Basic Process line
Stone
washed
Desized
Fabric is
converted into garments
Sized Indigo-dye
warp and raw white weft
Woven in a 2/1 or 3/1 twill weave
4. Garment process
DENIM PROCSSING
DRY PROCESS WET PROCESS
Scraping Sand blasting KMnO4 Spray Acid wash
5. Dry process
• Sand blasting : to produce localized
abrasion
• Scraping : manual scraping using sand
paper or grinding machine as per design
• KMnO4 Spraying : an alternative blasting
technique
• Acid wash : use of thremocol ball and
bleach in a single belly machine
6. Denim Wet processing
• Desizing : a process intended to remove size finish
constituents from fabric before enzyme wash or
bleaching
• Abrasion : a process which facilitates the indigo dye to
be removed from the surface of the cotton fibre .
• Bleaching : a process intended to decolorize indigo by
using bleach liquor (NaOCl)
• Softener wash : to improve the hand feel of the garment
by cationic or silicone softener
7. Chemicals and their uses
• Non ionic wetting agent : to increase the absorbency of the
garments
• Lubricating agent : to avoid streak formation
• Amylase : an enzyme used to break down insoluble starch to
soluble glucose ( 90 % of sizing material contains insoluble starch )
• Pumice stone : used during denim washing to get the grain effect
( replaced by enzyme to large extent )
8. Continued …
• Anti back staining agent : to avoid re deposition of the indigo dyes
on the fabric surface
• Cellulase : an enzyme used to weaken the cotton fiber and hence
increase abrasion
• NaOCl : Sodium hypochlorite used to lighten the shade of indigo
• Laccase : enzyme used to decolorize indigo ( by converting indigo
into colorless compound called Isatin )
• Softeners : to improve hand feel and protect the denim from Ozone
9. Benefits of using enzymes
• Maximized fabric strength retention
• Stone free processing
• Fast processing
• Improved wash look
• No or less Garment damage
• No machine damage
• Easy handling and cost effective
10. Desizing
• MRL : 1: 5 to 1 : 10
• pH : 5 to 6.5
• Temp : 60 Deg C
• Time : 20 min
• Chemicals ad dosage :
• non ionic wetting agent ( 1 gpl )
• Lubricating agent ( 0.5 gpl )
• Anti back staining agent ( 0.5 to 1 gpl )
• Amylase ( 0.5 to 1 gpl ) ( enzyme for breaking down starch
into soluble glucose )
11. Abrasion
• MRL : 1: 5 to 1 : 10
• pH : 6.5
• Temp : 55 Deg C
• Time : 20 to 45 min
• Chemicals :
• Anti back staining agent ( 0.5 gpl to 1 gpl )
• Cellulase( 0.5 to 1 gpl )( enzyme for weakening cotton fiber
by converting the cellulase into glucose )
12. Bleaching
• MRL : 1: 5 to 1 : 10
• pH : neutral
• Temp : Room Temp
• Time : depends on the shade
• Chemicals :
• NaOCl
13. Bio bleach
• MLR :1:5 to 1:10
• pH : 4 to 5.5
• Temp : 60 to 70 Deg C
• Time :15 to 20 min
• Chemical used :
– Laccase :1 gpl to 2 gpl
14. Special finishes
• Pigment spray
• Direct and reactive dye tinting
• Transfer printing
• Rubber feel
• Indigo retention
• Permanent crease
• Raw ( or undesized ) look