Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
Washing is the process & technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the garments is called garment washing.
Washing is the process & technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the garments is called garment washing.
Project Report on Study on the Effects of Sanforizing Machine on the Properti...Morshed Morshed
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering
Advance in Wet Processing Technology
Computer application in different sectors of textile technology
Research and development of materials and textile process
Computer-aided textile production and process control
Production planning
Process control
Quality control
Inventory control
Analysis of engineering data
Solution of engineering problems
Textile machine manufacturing
Automation of textile machines, equipment's and processes
Scope of Computer Based Technology for Textile Application:
Generally, there are three terms that are frequently used:
CAD (Computer-Aided Design)
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing)
CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)
Somemore is there like,
4.CAT (Computer-Aided Testing)
5.CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
cad, computerized marker making is a popular system to make the marker.we can also use a manual marker making system. its a part of apparel manufacture.
Acid wash is again becoming popular on denim jeans and we are going to see more of acid washes in the coming seasons. Here, let’s have a quick look at the acid washing process. An acid wash finish treatment creates significant contrasts in the color of the denim material. It can be done on Indigo & Sulphur base fabric garments. As the randomly faded, acid washed style came into vogue in 1980s, the process of treating denim in such a way began to become increasingly refined. Some tried to use a method similar to the stonewashing, yet the fading did not occur as dramatically or throughout the material. Acid-washed on apparel, (Phosphoric Acid is used in the process, acid would react with fabric surface and destroy the fabric), is washed with thermocol ball, pumic stones or until it is bleached almost white. During Acid wash, thermocol ball or pumic stones are used. By the action of thermocol ball or pumic stones, irregular fading affect is developed on the heavy garments like denims, thick canvas/twill, and sweater.
Best wash look is the best touch of a garment - Garment washing is the best touch of a garment. Same type of garments can produce several effects for several wash.Apparel finishing can change your garments.
Project Report on Study on the Effects of Sanforizing Machine on the Properti...Morshed Morshed
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering
Advance in Wet Processing Technology
Computer application in different sectors of textile technology
Research and development of materials and textile process
Computer-aided textile production and process control
Production planning
Process control
Quality control
Inventory control
Analysis of engineering data
Solution of engineering problems
Textile machine manufacturing
Automation of textile machines, equipment's and processes
Scope of Computer Based Technology for Textile Application:
Generally, there are three terms that are frequently used:
CAD (Computer-Aided Design)
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing)
CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)
Somemore is there like,
4.CAT (Computer-Aided Testing)
5.CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
cad, computerized marker making is a popular system to make the marker.we can also use a manual marker making system. its a part of apparel manufacture.
Acid wash is again becoming popular on denim jeans and we are going to see more of acid washes in the coming seasons. Here, let’s have a quick look at the acid washing process. An acid wash finish treatment creates significant contrasts in the color of the denim material. It can be done on Indigo & Sulphur base fabric garments. As the randomly faded, acid washed style came into vogue in 1980s, the process of treating denim in such a way began to become increasingly refined. Some tried to use a method similar to the stonewashing, yet the fading did not occur as dramatically or throughout the material. Acid-washed on apparel, (Phosphoric Acid is used in the process, acid would react with fabric surface and destroy the fabric), is washed with thermocol ball, pumic stones or until it is bleached almost white. During Acid wash, thermocol ball or pumic stones are used. By the action of thermocol ball or pumic stones, irregular fading affect is developed on the heavy garments like denims, thick canvas/twill, and sweater.
Best wash look is the best touch of a garment - Garment washing is the best touch of a garment. Same type of garments can produce several effects for several wash.Apparel finishing can change your garments.
Journal of Prevention & Infection ControlRezina Alves
Journal of Prevention and Infection Control is a scientific journal aims to publish significant information on the infection prevention and control in healthcare settings. Journal provides a publishing platform for health care professionals interested in field of infectious diseases, epidemiology, surveillance, occupational health, and disease prevention, quality improvement, antimicrobial resistance in healthcare settings, disinfection and decontamination, describing novel aspects of outbreaks of infection, novel techniques for the recognition of infection or antimicrobial resistance.
Healthcare Associated Infections: Challenges, Solutions and Future PrioritiesNHSScotlandEvent
A valuable opportunity for delegates to talk freely about some of the difficulties they face in tackling HAI and to learn and share positive initiatives that have been undertaken across NHSScotland.
A wrinkle, also known as a rhytide, is a fold, ridge or crease in the cloth or garments. Wrinkle is a particular type of pressure in the finished fabric. It is produced during finishing operations by the thickness of the seam used to join pieces for processing.Resin & its use in Denim garments industry to create unique & vintage looks which add value to denim garments & improves it sale ability in market. In 80’s we have seen Resin being used to give non press , iron free trousers & now we are using in Denims to make wrinkles & creases to look natural vintage which stays after multiple home laundries.
Garment dyeing is the cost effectiveness of mass producing identical garments of particular colors.Garment dyeing is the process of dyeing fully fashioned garments (such as pants, pullovers, t-shirts, jeans, sweaters, dresses, bathrobes, casual jackets, shirts, skirts, hosieries) subsequent to manufacturing, as opposed to the conventional method of manufacturing garments from pre-dyed fabrics. A major drawback with this approach is the risk associated with carrying a large inventory of a particular style or color in today's dynamic market. Garment dyeing has been slowly emerging as a process to meet the ephemeral fashion trends adopted by the consumers and new machines and methods have made this process to wear a brighter future for it.The advantage of this process is the cost effectiveness of mass producing identical garments of particular colors.
Quick Response to the market (bar coding etc.,)
Ability to supply a wide range of colorations to the retailer, but only in the shades that are selling
Reduced discounted sales at inventory
Best way to achieved relaxed, casual look .Ability to create special effects such as tie dyed, pigment dyed and washed down in a single process etc.,
A major drawback with this approach is the risk associated with carrying a large inventory of a particular style or color in today's dynamic market.
Traditionally,
Wrinkle resistance varies from quite low in many fabrics to very high in resilient fabrics. In order to form a wrinkle, a fabric’s wrinkle resistance must be overcome. The fabric may, however, produce strains and store potential energy that can become evident as wrinkle recovery under suitable conditions.Resin & its use in Denim garments industry to create unique & vintage looks which add value to denim garments & improves it sale ability in market. In 80’s we have seen Resin being used to give non press , iron free trousers & now we are using in Denims to make wrinkles & creases to look natural vintage which stays after multiple home laundries.
Washing Factory Visit At Modern Industrial Washing Ltd. MdAminurRahmanEmon
This is a assignment on washing factory visit. Factory Name modern Industrial washing Ltd. Factory Location 54, Box Nagar, Mirpur-1, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh.
Denim-Non Denim garments shade control systemAzmir Latif Beg
Shade control policy is very important to ensure one shade in one Carton specially for denim and Non denim. Its also determine shade variation within one destination or PO. Piece to Piece variation common problems found in garments due to fabric problem, mishandling of fabric rolls during cutting fabrics and bundles in sewing floor, wash problem etc.
Lycra void, damage and precaution to avoid those in washingAzmir Latif Beg
There is a lot of factor are involve behind of lycra damage. By the following preventive monitoring in every step of our manufacturing process we can get improvement all over the standard level and will be able to overcome those kinds of unwanted issues.
Mainly we have done visual inspection first after fabric received commonly follow 4 point inspection system. It's cover count/construction, width, weight, color, shading, design, measurement specifications, hand/feel and other specific quality parameters laid down by the clients.
Industrial Hazards and Their Safety Measure in Textile IndustryAzmir Latif Beg
Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property. Textile industries involve diverse operations including fiber synthesis, weaving, manufacturing, dyeing and finishing. Textile operations have been studied extensively and found numerous health and safety issues associated with the textile industry.
The ZDHC MRSL is intended to assist the apparel and footwear supply chain in phasing out the use of restricted substances by establishing enforceable limits for hazardous substances in chemical formulations used to process materials. The MRSL limits are designed to eliminate the possibility of intentional use of listed substances.
Risk Phrases (R) and Safety Phrases (S) is an important part of Chemical MSDS and Safety data sheet. We can identify hazard of a chemical by this phrases. Hazard classification should be indicated with hazard signs and hazard symbols and/or R phrases as well as S phrases.
R phrase and R number: phrases indicating the risks of hazardous preparations and substances, and their numbers respectively.
S phrase and S number: phrases related to the safe handling of hazardous preparations, and their numbers respectively.
Chemical Management System in Textile Manufacturing and Processing is required to achieve the safe use of chemicals and to control the hazards that they present to workers, the community and the environment. It can take a lot of chemicals to make clothes. The apparel sector certainly is not as chemical intensive as other global industries, but its variety of chemical operations and materials does present a range of potential hazards to its workers and the surrounding communities and environment.
NDT-Nondestructive testing is the process of inspecting, testing, or evaluating materials, components or assemblies for discontinuities, or differences in characteristics without destroying the serviceability of the part or system. In other words, when the inspection or test is completed the part can still be used.
Cotton fiber-textiles touch every aspect of our lives. For years, cotton clothing, home furnishings and industrial goods have enhanced our quality of life by providing comfort, expression and individuality. Cotton fiber possesses a variety of distinct properties, and we know there are plenty of people who want to dig a little deeper.
Apparel Merchandising-BASIC CONCEPT ON NEGOTIATION OF APPAREL COSTING AND PRO...Azmir Latif Beg
The Ready–Made Garments (RMG) sector has emerged as the biggest earner of foreign currency. The readymade garments industry acts as the backbone of our economy with a GDP of USD 130 Billion. Country‘s annual export is approximately US$ 30 billion and import is approximately US$ 37 billion. 80% of export comes from the Garments industry and as a catalyst for the development of our country. It‘s a time for us to strengthen up the quality of our textile product.
Letters of credit is a written commitment to pay, by a buyer's or importer's bank (called the issuing bank) to the seller's or exporter's bank (called the accepting bank, negotiating bank, or paying bank). It is also known as a documentary credit.
Merchandising Transactions and Managing Payment RiskAzmir Latif Beg
The truth is that every payment method involves risk. Managing payment risks in merchandising transactions is very important. The major risks are fraud and operational risk.
Steam distribution system, utilization and designAzmir Latif Beg
n any steam plant or any process plant effectiveness of steam distribution system is dependent upon the project specific conditions like location and layout of the process plant and its steam consuming equipment like heat exchangers, decorators etc. Steam distribution circuit is one of the major link between the steam production point and the point of end use i.e. process plant. Primary steam generating source are co-generation plant and Steam generators. However it not the source of steam generation but the effective and efficient steam distribution system that decides right quality (pressure and temperature) and quantity of steam to reach to the process through it. Thus designing of steam distribution is to be given due importance along with installation and subsequently maintenance during operation.
A test method is a method for a test in science or engineering, such as a physical test, chemical test, or statistical test. It is a definitive procedure that produces a test result. There are so many standards /test methods for textile testing.
In the present day world most of us are very conscious about our hygiene and cleanliness. Now a days Textile materials facing commonly mold problem during in store, in packed garment or in shipment container are not only related to microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria, odour generating bacteria and mould fungi, but also good media for growth of microorganisms.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and TextileAzmir Latif Beg
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid or gas. FTIR offers quantitative and qualitative analysis for organic and inorganic samples. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identifies chemical bonds in fiber. By FTIR we only know the name of fiber is identified. By this technique we can identify the exact composition of fiber like 80 % polyester 20 % cotton.
There are many safety issues, such as fire, fall accidents, choking, chemical content, etc. It can advise you on which requirements to request with the help of EU regulations related to Product Safety. It is an independent documentation of the safety of your products by ensuring that they comply with EU standards.
Flat knitting is a method for producing knitted fabrics in which the work is turned periodically, i.e., the fabric is worked with alternating sides facing the knitter. A "Flat" or Vee Bed knitting machine consists of 2 flat needle beds arranged in an upside-down "V" formation.
A braiding machine is device, which interlaces at least three strands of yarns or wires to form a rope reinforced hose, covered power cords, and some types of lace. Materials include natural and synthetic yarns, metal wires, leather tapes and others.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
1. Apparel wash & Finishing Azmir Latif (MSc. in Textile Engineering)
[1]
Introduction:
'Washing' can also refer to the washing of clothing or other cloth items, like bed sheets,
whether by hand or with a washing machine.
Washing is the process & technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort
ability and fashion of the garments is called garment washing. [1]
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By
industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving
special look on garments as per fashion requirement.
Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer
demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what
types of washing they need for the order. For example, Tom Tailor buyer asked for washes like –
Vintage wash, Cloud wash, softener wash or Acid wash. Each wash has different types of
appearance on the fabric surfaces. Wash types mainly depends on the product types. For denim
product heavy enzyme is required where for knitted Tee light softener wash may be okay.
The primary objects of garment washing is
To remove starch that applied during fabric manufacturing.
To soften the garment hand feel and improve bulkiness
To remove dirt, spots, oil stains that accumulate to garment at the garment manufacturing
processes.
To remove chemicals used during printing process and embroidery process
To fulfill customer demand
Washed clothes can be worn directly after purchasing
To give faded look or any other color tinted look to the garment.
To stabilize garment shrinkage and dimensional instability [6]
Purpose of washing.
Purpose of washing/Best wash look is the best touch of a garment - Garment washing is the best
touch of a garment. Same type of garments can produce several effects for several wash. This
may be explained in the following way: - Like this:
To create wash look appearance, seems the new touch of fashion.
By the washing technique, faded/old, color or tinted affect.
Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy, blasting,
whickering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, p.p spray, hand crapping, p.p
spoonzing etc.
2. Apparel wash & Finishing Azmir Latif (MSc. in Textile Engineering)
[2]
To reduce size materials that imports soft hand feels.
To attraction the customers/buyer by different types of fashionable washing and market
development.
Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of further
shrinkage of the wash garments.
Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also removed due
to washing.
Washing process of garment is done to create wash look appearance. After washing the
garments create a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion.
By the washing technique, faded/old look, color or tinted affect is created in the garment
which also seems the best touch of garments.
Washing technique create new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy, Blasting,
whiskering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, p.p spray, hand crapping, p.p
spoonzing etc. Which is also seems the best touch of garments.
The main and important function of washing is to reduce size materials as a result the
garment become size free and become soft hand feel.
When these soft garments are touched then it seems to best touch of garments.
To attraction the customers/Buyer by different types of Fashionable washing and market
developments.
Objects of garments washing:
To develop softness in garments: Size materials applied during manufacturing present
in the fabric are removed which enhances soft hand feel . Additional softness may be
attained by using softener.
To introduce fading effect: Dyes or pigments are present in the fabric , used during
coloration, are washed out locally or partially which result fading or worn out effects in
the garments.
To create new fashion: Washing Process of garments bring different outlook ( faded,
color tinted etc ) thus creating new fashion for the new generation especially for
teenagers.
To satisfy the consumer :As the contraction or extraction (shrinkage ) occur due to
washing , the wearer can use the garments after purchase satisfactory
Advantages of Garment Washing
1. Starch materials is present in the new fabrics of the new garment are removed, hence
feels soft during use.
2. Softness feeling of garments could be further increased. Washed garment could be wear
directly after purchase from store.
3. Fading affect is produced in the garment in regular or irregular pattern.
4. Fading affect could be produced in the specific area of the garment as per specific design.
3. Apparel wash & Finishing Azmir Latif (MSc. in Textile Engineering)
[3]
5. Different outlook of garment could be produced in the garment by different washing
techniques.
6. Similar outlook can be produced in the garments by different washing techniques.
7. Initial investment cost to set up a garment washing plant is comparatively lower.
8. Dirts and spots if present in the garment are removed.
9. Shrinkage occurs in the garment washing, hence no possibility of further shrinkage.
10. Removal of starch or size materials make the fabric soft hands feel.
11. Softness could be increased by the addition of softener just at the last stage of washing.
12. Dirt, spots, impurities, gum etc, if accumulated in the garments during manufacturing
could be removed.
13. During washing shrinkage may takes place, therefore after washing there is no possibility
to create such problem.
14. Washed garments could be worn directly after purchase.
15. Faded or worn out effect could introduced to the garments which creates new fashion
16. Similar outlook can be obtained by different washing techniques.
17. Comparatively lower capital is required to set up a washing plant.
18. Lower land space and least manpower cost are required to run a washing plant.
Requirements of garments washing:
1. It should be removed size materials from the garments. Hence feels soft during use.
2. It should be removed any dust, dirt, spot, impurities or germ which is present or added in
garments during manufacturing.
3. It should be shrinkage occurred i.e. no possibility of further shrinkage of wash garments due to
washing.
4. It should be attracted the customers or buyer by using different types of fashionable washing
and market developments.
5. It should be produced similar or different outlook in the garments by different washing
techniques.
6. It should be created wash look appearance in the garments. After washing the garments create
a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion.
7. It should be created color or tinted affect in the garments which also seems the best touch of
the garments.
8.It should be created faded affect in the garments.
9. It should be possible to wearing directly the garments after purchasing from the shop.
10. Should be used new/ modern/ latest machines.
4. Apparel wash & Finishing Azmir Latif (MSc. in Textile Engineering)
[4]
11. It should also be produced fading affect in the specific area of the garment as per specific
design.
12. It should be comparatively more profitable than others.
Garment washing.
The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and
fashion of the garments is called garment washing.
Depending on garments construction different types of washing process can be done.
Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal wash, Pigment wash, Caustic, Si wash
Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash, Stone wash, Bleach wash, Acid wash
Grey fabric- Super white wash
Denim washing Process
Denim washing is aesthetic finish given to denim fabric to enhance the demand and to provide
strength. Dry denim as opposed to washed denim is a denim fabric that is not washed after being
dyed during its production.
Much of the appeal of dry denim lies in the fact that with time fabric will fade in a manner
similar to that which artificially distressed denim attempts to replicate. With dry denim however
such fading is affected by the body of the person who wears jeans and the activities of their daily
life. This creates what many fell to be more natural, unique look than pre distressed denim.
It is a new technology by which outlook, size, comfort ability and fashion of a garment are
changed or modified. This technology was first appeared in Bangladesh in 1988.Before that
washing was carried out only in Hong Kong and Singapore , i.e. after sewing garments were sent
to abroad for washing and again brought here back for finishing , tagging and packing . As a
result, extra overhead cost (freight, washing charge, time consumptions) was drawn in.
There are many types of Industrial Wash. These are:
1. Normal/Detergent Wash(Normal Detergent Wash)
2. Bleach Wash
3. Stone Wash
4. Acid Wash
5. Enzyme Wash
6. Caustic Wash
7. Super-White Wash
8. Combined Wash.
5. Apparel wash & Finishing Azmir Latif (MSc. in Textile Engineering)
[5]
There is some physical pretreatment related to industrial garments washing. These are Hand
Scraping, Sand Blasting, Whiskering, Tagging, Crinkle Effect, Grinding, and Destroying.
There is also some chemical pretreatment related to industrial garments washing. These are
Potassium per Manganate spray, Color Spray. Color spray is also known as tinting.
For garment dyeing and washing plant some machines and equipments are necessary. These are:
1. Dyeing and washing machine.
2. Hydro extractor.
3. Drying machine.
4. Spray boote.
5. Brushing mannequin.
6. Sand blasting unit.
7. Grinding machine.
8. Hot pressing machine.
9. Tag gun.
10. Minor sewing facilities. [5]
TYPES OF WET AND DRY PROCESS
•Normal wash / Garments wash/ Rinse wash.
•Pigment wash.
•Caustic wash.
•Silicon wash.
•Stone wash.
•Enzyme wash.
•Stone Enzyme wash.
•Acid wash.
•Bleach wash.
•Tinting & over dyeing.
•Sand Blasting.
•Hands scraping.
•Over all wrinkles.
•Permanent wrinkle.
•Grinding & Destroy.
•Broken & Tagging.
•P P Spray & P P (potassium perborate) Sponging etc.
NORMAL WASH / GARMENTS WASH
Normal wash is required for the following reasons:-
•To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments.
•To remove size materials from the garments.
•To remove starch presents on the garment fabrics.
•For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing.
6. Apparel wash & Finishing Azmir Latif (MSc. in Textile Engineering)
[6]
•To achieve buyer washing standard.
Garment washing machine
Depending on garments construction different types of washing process can be done.
1. Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal wash, Pigment wash, Caustic ,Si wash
2. Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash, Stone wash, Bleach wash , Acid wash
3. Grey fabric- Super white wash
To have an idea about washes few washes have been explained below.
1. Heavy enzyme or Vintage Wash: Vintage means old look. To get the old or used
appearance garments are washed inside washing machine with enzymes. Fleece sweat
shirt are washed with heavy enzyme.
2. Cloud wash: Cloud wash gives appearance of white patches on the garment surface that
looks like cloud in the sky.
3. Stone wash: To get faded look on the garment surface white stone are used with
enzymes during washing. During washing fabric come in contact with stones and by
rubbing color fades. Stone wash generally used for denim product washing.
4. Acid wash: For acid wash, base color of the garment taken out by spraying acid on the
specified areas.[2]
7. Apparel wash & Finishing Azmir Latif (MSc. in Textile Engineering)
[7]
The changes occur due to the following actions:
1. Mechanical / rubbing / abrasion between garments to garments.
2. Garments to machine; and
3. Chemical action.
Effects of garments washing
1. Change the appearance of the garments.
2. Change the strength of garments:
3. Change the weight of garments:
4. Change in size.
5. Change in color.
6. Change outlook of the garments.
7. Change in comfort.
8. Change in design.
Change the appearance of the garments: The overall appearance is changed by washing by
using different chemical and process. It may be fade or observed tiny crease on the fabric
surface.
Change the strength of garments: Friction between fabric surfaces with rotating drum, fabric
strength is loss. Strength loss is depends on the processing time & types of wash required.
Change the weight of garments: During washing size material may removed, fiber open, yarn
open, fiber migrate from yarn so ultimate weight loss after washing
Change the dimensional stability of garments: During washing ordeal operation is needed. So
dimensional stability of garment may shrinkage or extend. The original shape of garment may
increase or decrease.
Change in size: The original shape of garment may increase or decrease during washing. So
the ultimate size of garment is change.
Change in color: During washing dyed and printed garment are affected by chemical. Some
color washed off from the fabric surface. Color bleed form the surface. Color decay from deeper
to paler shade.
8. Apparel wash & Finishing Azmir Latif (MSc. in Textile Engineering)
[8]
Change outlook of the garments: Over all out look of garment may changed by washing.
Change in comfort: Clothing comfort is a state of mind when it is at its lowest stress level.
Comfort is defined as the absence of perceived pain- and discomfort. Clothing comfort is a state
of satisfaction indicating physiological, psychological and physical balance among the person.
After washing, garment may soften or hard.
Change in design: By giving different effect on garments, the design of garments is changed.
After washing, wrinkle effect may do by wrinkle wash.
Unavoidable changes / limitations of garments washing
Like other processes the garments washing is also not without some limitations. They included
as below-
Garments size change: Size change takes place due to shrinkage properties of fabric.
The amount of shrinkage properties of fabric determines the size change of the garments.
Size material is partly removed : Unfixed dyes may remain on the surface of the
garments and it is necessary to remove completely after washing.[3]
Conclusion:
Garment washing is the most preferred of today’s youth. Washing gave different look to the
garments. Garments washing are mainly done after stitching. Wash types usually depends on the
product natures and usages. Based on consumer demand and fashion trend, buyer will fix the
washing type of any product. For example, stone enzyme wash is required for denim item but
light softener wash is perfect for knitted item. It is a new technology by which outlook; size;
comfort ability and fashion of a garment are changed or modified. This technology was first
appeared in Bangladesh in 1988.Before that washing was carried out only in Hong Kong and
Singapore , i.e. after sewing garments were sent to abroad for washing and again brought here
back for finishing , tagging and packing . As a result, extra overhead cost (freight, washing
charge, time consumptions) was drawn in.
9. Apparel wash & Finishing Azmir Latif (MSc. in Textile Engineering)
[9]
Reference:
1. Practice of garment merchandizing & management by Md.Faruk Hosen
2. http://www.onlineclothingstudy.com/2011/02/garment-washing-important-process-in.html
3. https://pautextile.wordpress.com/2010/08/07/denim-washing-process/
4. http://www.slideshare.net/rajeevsharan/garment-washing
5. http.//2.bp.blogspot.com/-3vmboayikzu
6. http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2014/01/clothing-comfort-brief-description-
of.html#ixzz3Pk3lfdUd