The document discusses acid wash, which is a technique used to produce fading effects on denim and other thick fabrics. It involves using pumice stones that brush against the fabric during the washing process. This causes more fading in areas that receive more brushing from the stones. The document provides details on the multi-step acid wash process, including pretreatment, washing, rinsing, drying and quality control steps. It notes that irregular fading effects are produced as a result of the abrasion from the pumice stones during the process.
The document describes the process of bleach washing and super white washing of garments. It begins with an introduction to bleach washing, listing the most common bleaching agents used. It then outlines the objectives and advantages of bleach washing. The limitations are also noted. The document provides a detailed 8-step process for bleach washing a batch of 60kg denim pants. Similarly, it discusses the objectives, equipment and 9-step process for super white washing of cotton fabrics. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the importance of understanding garment washing procedures to meet buyer requirements in the apparel export industry.
Acid wash is a washing process which is so popular to creating effect on garments. This presentation slide remains process and valuable information about Acid Wash.
Garment washing transforms the appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments through various processes. The document discusses 10 types of washes including normal wash, pigment wash, caustic wash, enzyme wash, stone wash, super white wash, bleach wash, acid wash, silicon wash, and detergent wash. Each wash is used for specific reasons such as creating fading effects, softness, shrinkage, abrasion, consistent quality, and removing impurities. Stone wash in particular mimics natural wear by tumbling garments with stones to roughen fabrics like denim.
The document discusses various finishing processes for denim fabrics. It introduces denim fabric and explains that finishing is done to enhance the look, provide aesthetic and performance benefits, and add to the durability and comfort of denim. Some major finishing processes discussed include singeing to burn off fluff, overdyeing, calendaring to produce textures, mercerizing to increase luster and strength, softening to regain soft feel, and resin applications to fill fibers.
Denim washing process and value addition by different processsajib chakma
This document discusses denim washing processes. It begins by defining denim and providing background on its history and uses. The document then outlines different types of denim washes including rinse wash, enzyme wash, stone wash, acid wash, and random bleach wash. It provides details on the recipe and process for random bleach washing. The document also lists chemicals commonly used in denim washing and characteristics of denim fabric. Finally, it identifies types of machinery employed in denim washing plants such as washing machines, dryers, grinding machines, and tagging machines.
Pumice stones are traditionally used in stone washing denim to give it a worn look. Pumice stones scrape dye from the fabric's surface during washing, creating a faded appearance. However, pumice stones can damage machines and fabrics. Synthetic stones and techniques like enzyme washing and acid washing were developed as alternatives. Enzyme washing uses cellulase enzymes that partially remove surface fibers and dye, similar to pumice stones but with less damage. Acid washing bleaches localized areas of indigo dye for high color contrasts. These alternative techniques aim to achieve a stone washed look while reducing pollution and costs compared to traditional pumice stone washing.
The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
This document provides information about garment dyeing machines. It begins by explaining that garment dyeing involves dyeing fully fashioned garments after manufacturing, as opposed to using pre-dyed fabrics. It then discusses different types of machines used for garment dyeing, including paddle machines, rotary drum machines, tumbler machines, toroid machines, and the Gyrobox. The document provides details on the features and operating principles of these different machine types. It also includes images and specifications for specific garment dyeing machines from STEFAB.
The document describes the process of bleach washing and super white washing of garments. It begins with an introduction to bleach washing, listing the most common bleaching agents used. It then outlines the objectives and advantages of bleach washing. The limitations are also noted. The document provides a detailed 8-step process for bleach washing a batch of 60kg denim pants. Similarly, it discusses the objectives, equipment and 9-step process for super white washing of cotton fabrics. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the importance of understanding garment washing procedures to meet buyer requirements in the apparel export industry.
Acid wash is a washing process which is so popular to creating effect on garments. This presentation slide remains process and valuable information about Acid Wash.
Garment washing transforms the appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments through various processes. The document discusses 10 types of washes including normal wash, pigment wash, caustic wash, enzyme wash, stone wash, super white wash, bleach wash, acid wash, silicon wash, and detergent wash. Each wash is used for specific reasons such as creating fading effects, softness, shrinkage, abrasion, consistent quality, and removing impurities. Stone wash in particular mimics natural wear by tumbling garments with stones to roughen fabrics like denim.
The document discusses various finishing processes for denim fabrics. It introduces denim fabric and explains that finishing is done to enhance the look, provide aesthetic and performance benefits, and add to the durability and comfort of denim. Some major finishing processes discussed include singeing to burn off fluff, overdyeing, calendaring to produce textures, mercerizing to increase luster and strength, softening to regain soft feel, and resin applications to fill fibers.
Denim washing process and value addition by different processsajib chakma
This document discusses denim washing processes. It begins by defining denim and providing background on its history and uses. The document then outlines different types of denim washes including rinse wash, enzyme wash, stone wash, acid wash, and random bleach wash. It provides details on the recipe and process for random bleach washing. The document also lists chemicals commonly used in denim washing and characteristics of denim fabric. Finally, it identifies types of machinery employed in denim washing plants such as washing machines, dryers, grinding machines, and tagging machines.
Pumice stones are traditionally used in stone washing denim to give it a worn look. Pumice stones scrape dye from the fabric's surface during washing, creating a faded appearance. However, pumice stones can damage machines and fabrics. Synthetic stones and techniques like enzyme washing and acid washing were developed as alternatives. Enzyme washing uses cellulase enzymes that partially remove surface fibers and dye, similar to pumice stones but with less damage. Acid washing bleaches localized areas of indigo dye for high color contrasts. These alternative techniques aim to achieve a stone washed look while reducing pollution and costs compared to traditional pumice stone washing.
The document discusses different methods of finishing garments, including stone washing. Stone washing involves tumbling freshly dyed jeans with pumice stones to produce a pre-washed and faded look through abrasion. The degree of fading depends on factors like the garment to stone ratio, washing time, stone size and hardness. Stone washing can damage machinery and pollute water. It also risks uneven fading and back staining if dye is redeposited on fabrics.
This document provides information about garment dyeing machines. It begins by explaining that garment dyeing involves dyeing fully fashioned garments after manufacturing, as opposed to using pre-dyed fabrics. It then discusses different types of machines used for garment dyeing, including paddle machines, rotary drum machines, tumbler machines, toroid machines, and the Gyrobox. The document provides details on the features and operating principles of these different machine types. It also includes images and specifications for specific garment dyeing machines from STEFAB.
It has great effect of hot brand reactive dye on cotton fabric with exhaustion method. Migration method is more acceptable for proper color fixation in a dyeing process. Another way when we followed ISO method has create a lot of problem such as wash fastness variation rubbing fastness variation, uneven dyeing etc. If we want to get perfect dyeing than we must maintain migration method.
Dry process techniques involve applying designs and distressing effects to garments without washing them. Common dry processes include hand sanding, sand blasting, whiskering, destroying, and crinkling. Resin is often used to set these effects permanently through heat curing. Dry processes give denim and twill garments a worn, vintage look and feel that enhances their appearance. Proper application of techniques like sanding, spraying, and heat setting requires skill to achieve the desired effects without damaging fabrics.
This procedure is sometimes referred to as “Burn Out”. A cotton / polyester blended fabric can be printed with a print paste containing the burn out chemicals, and after fixation, the cotton portion is destroyed and only the polyester remains. Burn-out textiles is a technique used to develop raised designs on fabric surface. This is primarily being done in fabrics with at least 2 different fibre content i.e. Cotton-Polyester, Silk-Rayon etc.
Presentation on Enzymes, Denim Stone Washing and Bio PolishingMd. Sirajul Islam
Questions:
WHAT ARE ENZYMES?
USAGE OF ENZYMES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY?
Advantages of using Enzymes?
Properties of enzymes used in textiles?
The main characteristics imparted to the fabric during bio polishing treatment?
This document discusses denim washing techniques. It begins with an introduction to denim fabric and its history. It then describes various types of denim and finishes that can be applied, such as stone washing, acid washing, sandblasting, and laser finishing. Specific techniques like stone washing, microsanding, and whiskering are explained in detail. The document provides information on the process, materials used, and effects of different denim washing methods. It concludes with a reference section citing additional sources.
Acid wash is again becoming popular on denim jeans and we are going to see more of acid washes in the coming seasons. Here, let’s have a quick look at the acid washing process. An acid wash finish treatment creates significant contrasts in the color of the denim material. It can be done on Indigo & Sulphur base fabric garments. As the randomly faded, acid washed style came into vogue in 1980s, the process of treating denim in such a way began to become increasingly refined. Some tried to use a method similar to the stonewashing, yet the fading did not occur as dramatically or throughout the material. Acid-washed on apparel, (Phosphoric Acid is used in the process, acid would react with fabric surface and destroy the fabric), is washed with thermocol ball, pumic stones or until it is bleached almost white. During Acid wash, thermocol ball or pumic stones are used. By the action of thermocol ball or pumic stones, irregular fading affect is developed on the heavy garments like denims, thick canvas/twill, and sweater.
This document provides information on denim washing processes. It discusses the types of denim washes including enzyme wash, stone wash, bleach wash, and acid wash. It also describes the purpose of washing denim garments, which is to remove sizing, soften the fabric, modify appearance, and create different finishes and effects. The document outlines the chemical washes used such as bleach wash, which uses a strong oxidizing bleaching agent like sodium hypochlorite. It also lists the types of machines commonly used in washing plants.
This document provides information about jigger dyeing machines. It discusses that jigger dyeing machines apply tension to woven fabrics as they pass through a dye bath. The document outlines the main parts of jigger dyeing machines, including guide rollers, take up rollers, let off rollers, and dye baths. It also discusses technical details like fabric tension and speed. The document summarizes advantages of modern jigger dyeing machines like improved tension and speed control. It notes that jiggers are suitable for dyeing woven fabrics up to boiling temperatures without creasing.
This document discusses fusing, which is the process of bonding two fabrics together using heat and pressure. It describes how thermoplastic resins applied to a base fabric are activated by heat in a press, allowing the resin to flow and bond the fabrics. The document outlines different base materials, resins, coating methods, and fusing equipment. It also discusses techniques like single, reverse, sandwich and double fusing. Potential problems with fusible interlinings are noted. Popular brands of fusing machines and materials are listed.
The document discusses anti-static finishes that are applied to synthetic fabrics during processing to prevent the buildup of static charge. Synthetic fabrics are not good conductors and develop static charges during spinning, weaving, and finishing. This can cause fabrics to become entangled or attract dirt. Anti-static finishes reduce the surface charge and increase conduction, using chemicals like silicone emulsions, polyethylene emulsions, and polyammonium quaternary salts. The finish can be durable or non-durable. Higher moisture regain in fibers also helps dissipate static. Common application methods are exhaustion and pad-dry-cure.
This document discusses chemical finishing of textiles. It begins with an introduction that defines chemical finishing as using chemicals to impart desired end-use properties by changing the chemical composition or surface characteristics of fibers. There are two main methods of application: exhaust and pad-dry-cure. Pad-dry-cure, the most widely used method, involves padding fabric with a chemical solution, squeezing excess liquid, drying, and curing for fixation. Factors like fiber properties, machine settings, and solution viscosity affect the amount of solution absorbed in wet pickup. The document also covers various pad application techniques and drying methods used in chemical finishing.
Washing is the process & technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the garments is called garment washing.
Garment washing is a process used to modify the appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments. There are various types of washes that produce different effects on fabrics, such as vintage, cloud, and acid washes. The type of wash depends on the product - for example, denim requires heavy enzyme washes while knit tees may only need a light softener wash. Common garment washing steps include a desizing process, washing with chemicals like detergent and enzymes, rinsing, drying, and quality checking. Washing introduces effects like fading and increases garment softness and comfort for customers.
The document discusses wet processing in the textile industry. Wet processing includes bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing processes. There are three main types of wet processing: 1) Preparation processes like scouring and bleaching ensure the textile has properties for coloring or finishing. 2) Coloration processes like dyeing and printing add color for aesthetic or functional purposes. 3) Finishing processes provide properties demanded by the end use, such as water repellency or flame retardancy, and occur last to enhance fiber properties. Wet processing transforms raw fibers into a finished textile product.
The document discusses the process of enzyme washing of garments. It describes that enzymes are biochemical substances that act as catalysts for specific reactions and can selectively attack substrates. The objectives of enzyme washing are to remove size and starch from garments to make them softer and improve colorfastness. It then outlines the steps of the enzyme washing process which include a desizing step, enzyme wash step using acid or neutral enzymes, a softening step, hydroextractor to remove water, drying, and quality checking before delivery. The enzyme wash helps achieve a smooth surface finish on cellulose fabrics and allows for higher machine loading.
This document discusses computer-aided design (CAD) systems used in the apparel industry. It provides information on popular CAD software options used for pattern making, grading, marker making, and digitizing manual patterns. The document also discusses the advantages of CAD systems for apparel design, including reduced time and expenses compared to manual design work. CAD systems allow designs to be customized easily and stored digitally. The document presents information on classifications of 3D CAD systems and concludes with a discussion of why CAD/CAM systems are necessary for apparel companies to keep up with fast-changing fashion trends.
Chenille yarn is a fancy yarn that originated in France in the 18th century. It consists of short lengths of yarn or "pile" placed between two core yarns and twisted together. This structure gives chenille its softness and characteristic raised pile. There are many types of chenille yarns including sparse, curly, and spiral styles. Chenille is produced on machines that place pile yarn between core yarns. The properties of chenille yarn depend on factors like material, count, pile length and density. Common applications include furnishings, knitwear, and decorative threads.
This document discusses textile testing and quality control. It begins by defining textile testing as examining the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of textiles. Quality control ensures products meet requirements by regulating variables that affect quality. Textile testing is important for research, material selection, process monitoring, product evaluation, and more. Different types of textile testing include fiber, yarn, and fabric tests. Sampling methods like random and zoning techniques are used to obtain representative samples. Factors like humidity, time, temperature affect moisture regain and content, which are measures of the water in a material.
The document provides information about garment washing processes. It includes definitions of garment washing, purposes of washing, types of dry and wet processing techniques, machines and chemicals used. It also describes specific processes like normal wash, silicon wash, denim washing including desizing, enzyme baths using acid and neutral enzymes. Key points covered are:
- Garment washing modifies appearance, size, comfort and fashion of garments.
- Wet processes include normal wash, pigment wash, caustic wash, enzyme wash, stone wash, bleach wash.
- Dry processes include sand blasting, hand scraping, wrinkling, grinding, tagging.
- Machines used are washing machines, hydro extractors, dry
Study on Acid washing Process of Garments | Acid washing Process of GarmentsMd Rakibul Hassan
1. The document describes an experiment on the acid washing process of garments conducted by a student named Md Rakibul Hassan.
2. The process involves loading garments into a machine, de-sizing, extracting, drying, soaking pumic stones, treating with damp stones, neutralizing, softening, and final extracting and drying.
3. The goal is to create irregular fading effects on garments through the abrasive action of pumic stones in acid solutions to give a vintage look and meet buyer standards for washing.
It has great effect of hot brand reactive dye on cotton fabric with exhaustion method. Migration method is more acceptable for proper color fixation in a dyeing process. Another way when we followed ISO method has create a lot of problem such as wash fastness variation rubbing fastness variation, uneven dyeing etc. If we want to get perfect dyeing than we must maintain migration method.
Dry process techniques involve applying designs and distressing effects to garments without washing them. Common dry processes include hand sanding, sand blasting, whiskering, destroying, and crinkling. Resin is often used to set these effects permanently through heat curing. Dry processes give denim and twill garments a worn, vintage look and feel that enhances their appearance. Proper application of techniques like sanding, spraying, and heat setting requires skill to achieve the desired effects without damaging fabrics.
This procedure is sometimes referred to as “Burn Out”. A cotton / polyester blended fabric can be printed with a print paste containing the burn out chemicals, and after fixation, the cotton portion is destroyed and only the polyester remains. Burn-out textiles is a technique used to develop raised designs on fabric surface. This is primarily being done in fabrics with at least 2 different fibre content i.e. Cotton-Polyester, Silk-Rayon etc.
Presentation on Enzymes, Denim Stone Washing and Bio PolishingMd. Sirajul Islam
Questions:
WHAT ARE ENZYMES?
USAGE OF ENZYMES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY?
Advantages of using Enzymes?
Properties of enzymes used in textiles?
The main characteristics imparted to the fabric during bio polishing treatment?
This document discusses denim washing techniques. It begins with an introduction to denim fabric and its history. It then describes various types of denim and finishes that can be applied, such as stone washing, acid washing, sandblasting, and laser finishing. Specific techniques like stone washing, microsanding, and whiskering are explained in detail. The document provides information on the process, materials used, and effects of different denim washing methods. It concludes with a reference section citing additional sources.
Acid wash is again becoming popular on denim jeans and we are going to see more of acid washes in the coming seasons. Here, let’s have a quick look at the acid washing process. An acid wash finish treatment creates significant contrasts in the color of the denim material. It can be done on Indigo & Sulphur base fabric garments. As the randomly faded, acid washed style came into vogue in 1980s, the process of treating denim in such a way began to become increasingly refined. Some tried to use a method similar to the stonewashing, yet the fading did not occur as dramatically or throughout the material. Acid-washed on apparel, (Phosphoric Acid is used in the process, acid would react with fabric surface and destroy the fabric), is washed with thermocol ball, pumic stones or until it is bleached almost white. During Acid wash, thermocol ball or pumic stones are used. By the action of thermocol ball or pumic stones, irregular fading affect is developed on the heavy garments like denims, thick canvas/twill, and sweater.
This document provides information on denim washing processes. It discusses the types of denim washes including enzyme wash, stone wash, bleach wash, and acid wash. It also describes the purpose of washing denim garments, which is to remove sizing, soften the fabric, modify appearance, and create different finishes and effects. The document outlines the chemical washes used such as bleach wash, which uses a strong oxidizing bleaching agent like sodium hypochlorite. It also lists the types of machines commonly used in washing plants.
This document provides information about jigger dyeing machines. It discusses that jigger dyeing machines apply tension to woven fabrics as they pass through a dye bath. The document outlines the main parts of jigger dyeing machines, including guide rollers, take up rollers, let off rollers, and dye baths. It also discusses technical details like fabric tension and speed. The document summarizes advantages of modern jigger dyeing machines like improved tension and speed control. It notes that jiggers are suitable for dyeing woven fabrics up to boiling temperatures without creasing.
This document discusses fusing, which is the process of bonding two fabrics together using heat and pressure. It describes how thermoplastic resins applied to a base fabric are activated by heat in a press, allowing the resin to flow and bond the fabrics. The document outlines different base materials, resins, coating methods, and fusing equipment. It also discusses techniques like single, reverse, sandwich and double fusing. Potential problems with fusible interlinings are noted. Popular brands of fusing machines and materials are listed.
The document discusses anti-static finishes that are applied to synthetic fabrics during processing to prevent the buildup of static charge. Synthetic fabrics are not good conductors and develop static charges during spinning, weaving, and finishing. This can cause fabrics to become entangled or attract dirt. Anti-static finishes reduce the surface charge and increase conduction, using chemicals like silicone emulsions, polyethylene emulsions, and polyammonium quaternary salts. The finish can be durable or non-durable. Higher moisture regain in fibers also helps dissipate static. Common application methods are exhaustion and pad-dry-cure.
This document discusses chemical finishing of textiles. It begins with an introduction that defines chemical finishing as using chemicals to impart desired end-use properties by changing the chemical composition or surface characteristics of fibers. There are two main methods of application: exhaust and pad-dry-cure. Pad-dry-cure, the most widely used method, involves padding fabric with a chemical solution, squeezing excess liquid, drying, and curing for fixation. Factors like fiber properties, machine settings, and solution viscosity affect the amount of solution absorbed in wet pickup. The document also covers various pad application techniques and drying methods used in chemical finishing.
Washing is the process & technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the garments is called garment washing.
Garment washing is a process used to modify the appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments. There are various types of washes that produce different effects on fabrics, such as vintage, cloud, and acid washes. The type of wash depends on the product - for example, denim requires heavy enzyme washes while knit tees may only need a light softener wash. Common garment washing steps include a desizing process, washing with chemicals like detergent and enzymes, rinsing, drying, and quality checking. Washing introduces effects like fading and increases garment softness and comfort for customers.
The document discusses wet processing in the textile industry. Wet processing includes bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing processes. There are three main types of wet processing: 1) Preparation processes like scouring and bleaching ensure the textile has properties for coloring or finishing. 2) Coloration processes like dyeing and printing add color for aesthetic or functional purposes. 3) Finishing processes provide properties demanded by the end use, such as water repellency or flame retardancy, and occur last to enhance fiber properties. Wet processing transforms raw fibers into a finished textile product.
The document discusses the process of enzyme washing of garments. It describes that enzymes are biochemical substances that act as catalysts for specific reactions and can selectively attack substrates. The objectives of enzyme washing are to remove size and starch from garments to make them softer and improve colorfastness. It then outlines the steps of the enzyme washing process which include a desizing step, enzyme wash step using acid or neutral enzymes, a softening step, hydroextractor to remove water, drying, and quality checking before delivery. The enzyme wash helps achieve a smooth surface finish on cellulose fabrics and allows for higher machine loading.
This document discusses computer-aided design (CAD) systems used in the apparel industry. It provides information on popular CAD software options used for pattern making, grading, marker making, and digitizing manual patterns. The document also discusses the advantages of CAD systems for apparel design, including reduced time and expenses compared to manual design work. CAD systems allow designs to be customized easily and stored digitally. The document presents information on classifications of 3D CAD systems and concludes with a discussion of why CAD/CAM systems are necessary for apparel companies to keep up with fast-changing fashion trends.
Chenille yarn is a fancy yarn that originated in France in the 18th century. It consists of short lengths of yarn or "pile" placed between two core yarns and twisted together. This structure gives chenille its softness and characteristic raised pile. There are many types of chenille yarns including sparse, curly, and spiral styles. Chenille is produced on machines that place pile yarn between core yarns. The properties of chenille yarn depend on factors like material, count, pile length and density. Common applications include furnishings, knitwear, and decorative threads.
This document discusses textile testing and quality control. It begins by defining textile testing as examining the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of textiles. Quality control ensures products meet requirements by regulating variables that affect quality. Textile testing is important for research, material selection, process monitoring, product evaluation, and more. Different types of textile testing include fiber, yarn, and fabric tests. Sampling methods like random and zoning techniques are used to obtain representative samples. Factors like humidity, time, temperature affect moisture regain and content, which are measures of the water in a material.
The document provides information about garment washing processes. It includes definitions of garment washing, purposes of washing, types of dry and wet processing techniques, machines and chemicals used. It also describes specific processes like normal wash, silicon wash, denim washing including desizing, enzyme baths using acid and neutral enzymes. Key points covered are:
- Garment washing modifies appearance, size, comfort and fashion of garments.
- Wet processes include normal wash, pigment wash, caustic wash, enzyme wash, stone wash, bleach wash.
- Dry processes include sand blasting, hand scraping, wrinkling, grinding, tagging.
- Machines used are washing machines, hydro extractors, dry
Study on Acid washing Process of Garments | Acid washing Process of GarmentsMd Rakibul Hassan
1. The document describes an experiment on the acid washing process of garments conducted by a student named Md Rakibul Hassan.
2. The process involves loading garments into a machine, de-sizing, extracting, drying, soaking pumic stones, treating with damp stones, neutralizing, softening, and final extracting and drying.
3. The goal is to create irregular fading effects on garments through the abrasive action of pumic stones in acid solutions to give a vintage look and meet buyer standards for washing.
90 questions==of garments washing & dyeing 2006Mohammad Akhtar
The document discusses various aspects of garment washing and dyeing processes. It provides answers to 90 questions on topics like:
1. The different types of garment washing processes including normal wash, silicon wash, enzyme wash, and their purposes.
2. The machines and chemicals used in washing plants for processes like desizing, softening, bleaching, and dyeing.
3. The steps involved in specific processes like normal wash, silicon wash, caustic wash, and enzyme wash of denim garments.
4. The functions of processes like desizing, bleaching, and enzyme wash and how they modify garment properties.
The presentation contains information about silicon wash, process flow chart and process of wash. That will help you to build your knowledge about silicon wash.
The document discusses various processes involved in garment washing and finishing departments. It includes:
1. The washing department involves dry processes like whiskering and hand scraping, as well as wet processes using enzymes, bleaches and softeners. The capacity for a style is calculated based on machine capacity, order quantity and delivery timeline.
2. The finishing section includes processes like pressing, folding, packing, and cartooning. Important materials and machines used are also listed. Quality is ensured by inspecting garments for defects after each process.
3. Industrial engineering techniques like method study, time study and capacity study are used to improve productivity and efficiency in garment manufacturing. Key responsibilities of industrial engineering include layout planning
The document discusses various aspects of laundry operations including types of laundries, laundry equipment, the laundry process, dry cleaning process, stain removal techniques, and valet service. It provides details on planning an on-premises laundry, layout, equipment used, the multi-step wash cycle process, and finishing processes. It also outlines the dry cleaning process, materials used, and advantages and disadvantages of dry cleaning versus laundering.
Changes in Mechanical Properties of Denim Due to Different Washing ProcessesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effects of different washing processes on the mechanical properties of denim fabrics. 100% cotton denim samples were treated with bleach wash, enzyme wash, and potassium permanganate (PP) wash. Testing showed that the gram per square meter and tensile strength of all samples decreased with washing. Color fastness to crocking improved for all washed samples. The enzyme washed sample showed the largest decreases in tearing strength and tensile strength as the enzyme broke down the cotton fibers. Dimensional stability was also affected, with bleach washed samples experiencing more shrinkage. In conclusion, washing impacted the mechanical properties of denim but improved aspects like color fastness, with PP wash having lesser effects than other
Controlling points, Faults, Causes and Remedies Involved in Different Fi...Md. Mazadul Hasan Shishir
The document discusses finishing processes for knit fabrics and provides details about common faults, causes, and remedies. It covers processes like dewatering, slitting, drying, stentering, and compacting. For each process, controlling points are identified and typical faults like crease marks, softener spots, and GSM variations are summarized along with likely causes such as improper speed control or softener mixing. Remedies for the faults including proper ballooning, cleaning equipment, and maintaining consistent process parameters are also outlined. The document aims to improve understanding of finishing for knit fabrics.
This presentation summarizes the scouring process used in textile engineering. Scouring involves treating textiles with alkali to remove oils, fats, waxes and other impurities. It increases the absorbency of textiles. There are two main scouring methods - discontinuous scouring using a kier boiler, and continuous scouring using a J-box system. The kier boiler involves loading fabric into a cylindrical vessel and spraying it with hot alkaline liquor over several hours. The J-box method scours open-width fabric using rolls to impregnate it with alkali and heat it in the J-shaped box for 30 minutes. Both processes aim to saponify oils and emuls
The document describes a study comparing a traditional scouring process to a bio-scouring process for textiles. It finds that bio-scouring using the enzyme Scourzyme L is more environmentally friendly and reduces costs compared to traditional caustic scouring. Specifically, bio-scouring reduces water, energy and chemical usage, lowers BOD, COD and TDS in wastewater, and avoids the health and safety risks of harsh chemicals. However, it provides slightly less whiteness for light and white fabrics compared to traditional scouring. Overall, bio-scouring is shown to be a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative.
Desizing is the process of removing size material from warp yarns in woven fabrics to facilitate weaving. Size is applied before weaving to prevent breakage on the loom but must be removed before dyeing and finishing. There are two main methods of desizing - hydrolytic and oxidative. Hydrolytic methods like enzymatic desizing use enzymes like amylase to hydrolyze and reduce the molecular weight of starch size. Oxidative desizing uses oxidizing agents like bromides but risks damaging the cellulose fibers. Complete removal of size is important for effective dyeing and is tested by checking for color change or measuring weight loss in the fabric.
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
This document discusses recent developments in denim manufacturing and processing. It describes how denim is made from yarn spinning through weaving, dyeing, and washing. New yarn types include structured, elastic, and fancy yarns. Weaving has advanced with air jet looms and non-conventional constructions. Dyeing uses rope, slasher, and sheet methods. Washing includes mechanical and chemical processes like stone washing and enzyme washing to distress the fabric. The document outlines the various steps in denim manufacturing and finishing to produce modern denim fabrics.
This document discusses how to manage an on-premise laundry (OPL) within a hotel. It outlines responsibilities of the laundry manager, how to plan the OPL including space, equipment and size needs. It describes the process of laundering linens including fabric types, the laundry cycle steps, chemicals used, and preventative maintenance. Staff training and considerations for a valet service are also discussed.
Industrial Garments Washing is one of the major important parts for Textile sector. By industrial garments washing we can remove dust, dirt and infections material. For improving special look on garments as per fashion requirement. Garment washing is normally done after stitching. According to fashion trend and customer demand buyers ask for garment washing. For the washing apparel buyers mention exactly what types of washing they need for the order.
This document provides an overview of the Birla Textile Mills located in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India. It describes the mill's beautiful campus and five production units. It then lists the various departments within the mill, including production, maintenance, R&D, commercial/accounting, and engineering. It further details several aspects of the production process, such as the raw materials (cotton, polyester, viscose, acrylic), machine layout, dyeing process for different fibers, and types of drying machines.
This document describes the key steps and processes involved in commercial laundry operations, including:
1) Collecting soiled linen from rooms and sorting items based on degree of soiling, color, and fabric type to efficiently clean different materials.
2) Using washers, dryers, ironing machines, and folders to clean, dry, press, and finish linen items. A variety of chemicals are added to water in the washing process to aid in soil removal and disinfection.
3) Ensuring linen is properly cleaned, rinsed, slightly moist, and free of wrinkles before folding and returning to rooms. Large properties benefit from automated folding machines for productivity.
The document discusses various types of commercial and on-premises laundries. It describes the key steps in planning an on-premises laundry including determining location, size, equipment needs, and layout. The document then outlines the laundry process from collecting soiled linen to finishing including washing, drying, ironing and folding. It also discusses dry cleaning processes and stain removal techniques.
This document provides information about laundry, including:
- Laundry involves both art and science through skills, techniques, water, chemicals and machines.
- There are five types of laundries - institutional, commercial, rental, retail, and laundromats.
- Key elements of the laundry process are mechanical action, water, chemicals, temperature, and time.
- Main equipment includes washers, dryers, ironing machines. Chemicals include detergents, bleaches, spot removers. The process involves washing, drying, pressing/ironing.
1. Acid Wash:
During Acid wash, pumic stones are used. By the action of pumic stones, irregular
fading affect is developed on the heavy garments like denims, thick canvas/twill, and
sweater. The pumic stones act a brushing action on the garment fabric surface. The
area where more brushing action takes place there more dicolour or fadding affect is
developed and the area where less brushing action takes place less brushing action
and takes place less fadding affect will be developed. The multi-layer fabric areas
like –collar, calf, pocket, placket, side seam etc area will be brushed more than the
single layer areas. As a result irregular fadding affect will be developed on the
garments fabric surface. Thus in this way fading affect may be developed on the
garment by acid wash technique.
Objects of Acid Wash:
1. To produce irregular fading effects or old looking effect.
2. For soft feeling to wear the garments i.e. to improve softness.
3. To achieve the buyer washing standard.
4. To increase rubbing fastness.
Acid Wash Process:
A processor Acid wash of 60 kg batch of Denim Trouser as mentioned below:-
First Step: Pretreatment/Desizing.
1. Add water @ L : R = 1 : 10 .............. 600 litres.
2. Start Machine.
3. Add desizing agent @ 1 gm/litre .................600 Gms.
4. Add detergent @ 1 gm/litre ........................ 600 Gms.
5. Temperature............................. 60°c.
6. Time........................... 20 mts.
7. Drop the liquor.
8. Rinse one for 3 minutes (cold).
Second Step:Hot wash
1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 10.............. 600 litres.
2. Temperature............................. 60°c.
3. Time........................... 5 mts.
4. Drop the liquor.
5. Here hot wash is used to remove the adhering materials from the garment
surface.
6. Unload the garments from the washing m/c in the trolley.
7. Load the pre treated garments in the dryer m/c.
8. Dry the garment completely & unload the garments.
2. 9. The pumic stones used for acid wash need to pre-treat in the following
chemical solution:
10. Water ..................... 100 L
11. Potassium per manganate.............. 1000 Gms.
12. Phosphoric Acid............................... 250 Gms.
13. Stire the solution in a stainless steel tub with dry pumic stone.
14. Soak the stones with the chemical solution ......... 10 –15 minutes.
15. The stones will pick up the solution. Then the soaked stones are dried in the
open air for.............. 2 to 3 hrs.
16. Then pre-treated garment 30 –40 kg per batch load in the dry washing
machine.
17. Load the per-treated stones (about 50 kg) in washing machine.
18. Start machine running for each batch ........................ 7 to 10 mts.
19. Stop machine running.
20. Unload the treated garment separately. Pumic stones with P.P. solution hit on
garment surface as a result fadding will be developed.
21. Then load the stones treated garment in another washing machine.
Third Step:Wash for Cleaning
1. Batch wt................................ 70 kg.
2. Add water @ L: R = 1: 8.............. 560 litres.
3. Add detergent @ 1 gm/litre .............560 Gms.
4. Temperature............................. 40°c -50°c.
5. Time ..................................10 mts.
6. Drop the liquor.
7. Here detergent is used to remove the breaking stone dust and chemicals from
the garment surface.
Fourth Step:Whitening/Neutralization
1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 8.............. 560 litres.
2. Machine running.
3. Add Metabisulphite @ 5 gm/litre..... 2800 Gms.
4. Cold temperature.
5. Time 5 mts.
6. Drop the liquor.
Fifth Step: Soft Wash
1. Add water @ L: R = 1: 7.............. 490 litres.
2. Machine running.
3. Add Acetic acid @ 0.6 gm/litre ..................... 294 Gms.
4. Add Softner @ 1 gm/litre ........................ 490 Gms.
5. Then unload the garments.
3. Sixth Step:Hydro Extractor Machine
Hydro extractor machine to remove excess water from the garments.
Seventh Step:Dryer Machine.
After hydro extraction the garments are sent to drying m/c for complete drying.
Eighth Step:Quality& Delivery.
After drying the garments go to quality checking & rectify washing fault and
then good one delivery.
Precaution:
Maintain the stock solution properly constant when comes socking the stone.
No water licks age in to the machine when treated pumic stone & garments in
to the machine.
Not excess load the garments in the Acid wash processing.
Add some new stone after finishing on batch to maintain the volume for 2nd
batch. It is a mater of experience.
Read more: http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2012/07/acid-wash-objects-of-acid-wash-
process.html#ixzz2CJIWKySw
WIKI PIDIA
Garment washing — Presentation Transcript
1. GARMENT WASHINGSUBMITTED TO:Mr. VASANT R. KOTHARI
SUBMITTED BY: RAJEEV SHARAN DFT(AP-06)
4. 2. GARMENT FINISH Unless any product is characterized by value
addition it is now impossible to survive in this highly competitive world
market. Processing is important to make a usable but finishing gives
value addition to it. It makes garments attractive, comfortable &
finishing can incorporate desirable properties. Finishing is the heart of
textile processing. Value addition = {(Technology) + (Innovation)} x
Quality.
3. The need for competitive strategy that utilizes; Chemical
compatibility to provide one-shot multifunctional finishes. Cost
reduction through process integration and minimizing the consumption
of all utilities. More environmentally friendly and application method.
Cost reduction through minimization of effluent treatment cost.
Improve process control, monitoring and automation. Greater
innovation in chemical finishes. Quick response through right-first-time,
right-on end time, right-every-time finishing.
4. Finishingof textile fabric is carried out to increase attractiveness
and/or serviceability of the fabric. Differentfinishing treatments are
available to get various effects, which add value to the basic textile
material. The domestic readymade garment sector is booming, and
garment processing has emerged as one of the important production
routes towards meeting quick changing demands of the fashion market
5. METHOD OF APPLICATION:There are two methods of garment
finishing. Dip process. Tumbling processDip process: - Dip the
garment inside out in finishing chemical keeping MLR 1:5. Washing
machine may be used. Rotate the garment for 20 min. Hydro extract
the garment to 70 to 80% pick up. Tumble dry at 70°C to moisture
content 10—12 %. Turn the garment right side out. Iron/steam press
the garment to set the creases at desired places. Cure at 150—160°C
6. Tumble method: - In this process the garment are placed (inside
out) into a machine with sealed (not perforated) cylinder and
application of recipe by either pumping or spraying. The drum is turned
for 20 min there should not be excessive dripping of chemicals from the
garment. If so more tumbling time is allowed. This method is being
5. used more and more due to the fact that there is no wastage of
chemicals. After saturation the garments are hydro extracted tumble
dry at 70°C to 10—20 % pick up moisture content. The iron and steam
press the garments to remove/set creases. Cure at 150—160°C for 8 -
10 min.
7. Important features: - MLR should not be less than 1: 0.85 for the
garment weighing 600 gm and 1:1 for those weighing more than 600
gm. Minimum time of tumbling should be 20 min. Tumble rotation
speed 20-30 rpm. Tumble drying temp. Should not be more than
70°C. Moisture retention after drying should be 10-12%.
8. Wash down effects It can be achieved by a variety of garment
processingtechniques which are mainly dependent on physical and
onchemical abrasion of the surface dye there by producingdifferent
wash down or break-in looks. In garment washing the seams,
waistband, pockets, cuffs,etc develop a contour, which can be obtained
by washing ingarment from only. Washing down of garments is the
latest development infashion technology. Washing brings out special
effectschanging the feel and look of garments.
9. Five good reasons can be attributed forwashing the garments. To
influence physical properties such as softness, handle, drape or fall ,
absorbency, creasing etc. To influence appearance by altering
thenature of yarn of fabric or lusture. To create shrinkage & effects of
shrinkage like puckering of garments. To create abrasion & related
effects. To create a trend in fashion with consistentquality& brand
image with range of finishes.
10. Denim washing It is the aesthetic finish given to the denim fabric to
enhance the appeal and to provide strength Indigo jeans were once the
only item processed by the garment wash method Emphasis is on
Comfort And Softness. Fashion Trends Favor The Broken-in Look And
Worn/Faded seams that can only be achieved through garment
processing
6. 11. DENIM WASHES ARE OF TWO TYPES:1. Mechanical washes
Stone wash Micro sanding2. Chemical washes Denim bleaching
Enzyme wash Acid wash
12. Any of these procedures can be modified To fit a particular
situation, Depending upon garment type (i.e., heavyweight denim
versus lightweight chambray), Available equipment, and Process flow.
Also, some of these procedures yield garments suitable for over
dyeing, which may create a whole new look.
13. PROCEDURE1. Garments can be inverted to minimize unwanted
abrasion streaks (especially useful when preset creases are present).2.
Load machine with garments.3. Desize with alpha amylase enzyme
and detergent.4. Drain.5. Rinse.6. Fill machine with water and heat to
60◦C. The liquor ratio can range from 10:1 to 20:1. A number of
synthetic detergents can be used. Also, alkaline products such as soda
ash or caustic soda can be added in amounts ranging from 0.5 to 2.0
grams/liter. Some chemical suppliers offer special products that
accelerate the wash down process, dependent upon the particular
dyestuff used.7. Wash/tumble action for 20-60 minutes, depending
upon desired effect.8. Drain and rinse.9. Apply softener.10. Tumble
dry.11. Invert garments, if previously turned.12. Press, if required .
14. STONEWASH In the process of stone washing, freshly dyed jeans
are loaded into large washing machines and tumbled with pumice
stones It means Pre washed, abraded, faded either regular or irregular
looks are produced by subjecting the dyed garments to severe washing
treatments In order to accelerate the garment wash effect and to give
garments an even more unique appearance, desirable look and softer
hand, abrasive stones were introduced to the wash bath.
15. Variations in composition, hardness, size shape and porosity
make these stones multifunctional. The process is quite expensive and
requires high capital investment. Pumice stones give the additional
effect of a faded or worn look as it abrades the surface of the jeans like
sandpaper, removing some dye particles from the surfaces of the
yarn. A variety of natural and synthetic stones are available for
7. stonewashing with perhaps the most widely used being pumice or
volcanic rock.
16. As the stones are used, they slowly disintegrate, reducing the
severity of the stonewash effect over a period of time. The stones not
only abrade the fabric but also gradually abrade the inside of the rotary
drum. A machine used for stonewashing should not be used to dye
delicate articles or when abrasion would be detrimental to the fabric.
It‘s gives used look because of varying degrees of abrasion in areas
such as the waistband, pocket and seems
17. Degree of colour fading Garments to stone ratio Washing time
Size of stone MLR Load of garments Stone weight 0.5-3
18. Selection of stone Stone should be selected of the proper
hardness, shape, and size for the particular end product. It should be
noted that large, hard stones last longer and may be suited for heavy
weight fabrics only. Smaller, softer stones would be used for light
weight fabrics and more delicate items. STONE WT. /FABRIC WT. =
0.5 TO 3 /1 It depends on the degree of abrasion needed to achieve
the desired result. Stones can be reused until they completely
disintegrate or washed down the drain.
19. PROCEDURE Load stones into machine. Load garments into
machine (ratio usually 0.5 - 3.0 part weight stones:1 part weight
garments). Desize with alpha amylase enzyme and detergent. Liquor
ratio approximately 5-8:1. Rinse. Refill and tumble with stones 30 to
90 minutes, depending upon desired effect. Liquor ratio 5-8:1 at 50-
70◦C. Scouring additives can also be used.
20. Drain. Separate garments from stones (garments can be
transferred to another machine). Rinse. Apply softener (garments can
be transferred to another machine for softening). Extract and unload.
De-stone and tumble dry. Press, if required.
21. BACK STAINING OR RE-DEPOSITION: The dye removed from
denim material after the treatment with cellulose or by a conventional
washing process may cause "back staining‖ or "redeposition‖. Re-
8. coloration of blue threads and blue coloration of white threads, resulting
in less contrast between blue and white threads.
22. PROBLEMS CAUSED BY STONES: Damage to wash
machineries and garment due to stone to machine and machine to
stone abrasion Increase in labor to remove dust from finished
garments. Water pollution during disposal of used liquor. Back
staining and re deposition.
23. REMEDY OF BACK STAINING Adding dispersion/suspension
agent to wash cycle. Intermediate replacement of wash liquor. Using
alkaline detergent like sodium per borate with optical brightener as after
wash
24. LIMITATIONS OF STONE WASHING: Quality of the abrasion
process is difficult to control outcome of a load of jeans is never
uniform, little percentage always getting ruined by too much abrasion.
The process is non-selective. Metal buttons and rivets on the jeans in
the washing machines get abraded. This reduces quality of the
products and life of equipment, and increases production costs.
Stones may turn into powder during the process of making the garment
grayish in color and rough too Provides rougher feel than enzyme
wash Stone may lead the harm to the machine parts
25. STONEWASH EFFECT: In traditional washing process, volcanic
rocks or pumice stones are added to the garments during washing as
abradant. Due to ring dyeing and heavy abrasion fading is more
apparent but less uniform. The degree of colour fading depends on the
garment to stone ratio, washing time, size of stones, material to liquor
ratio and load of garments. Normally after desizing, stone wash
process starts with pumice stone addition in rotary drum type garment
washer. Process time varies from 60-120 mins. Stone wash effect is
one of the oldest but highly demanded washing effects.
26. Stone wash process gives ―used‖ look or ―vintage‖ on the
garments, because of varying degree of abrasion in the area such as
waistband, pocket, seam and body. There are many limitations and
9. drawbacks associated with stone washing process, which can be
overcome by using new enzyme based washing technology. This
technology also helps to conserve water, time, energy and environment
27. ENZYME WASH Cellulase enzymes are natural proteins which are
used in denim garment processing to get stone wash look on to the
denim garments without using stones or by reducing the use of pumice
stone. Cellulase attacks primarily on the surface of the cellulose fiber,
leaving the interior of the fiber as it is, by removing the indigo present in
the surface layer of fiber.
28. Cellulase enzyme is classified into two classes: Acid Cellulase:It
works best in the pH range of 4.5-5.5 and exhibit optimumactivity at
50°C. Neutral cellulase:It works best at pH 6 however its activity is not
adverselyaffected in the range of pH 6-8 and show maximum activity
at55°C.
29. Neutral Cellulase:These are the enzymes which are active between
pH: 6-8 lower abrasion than acid celluloses low back staining pH 6 -
8.0Acid Cellulase: high abrasion higher back-staining than neutral
cellulases pH 4.5 - 5.5 optimized pH and temperature = maximum
activity of the enzyme
30. Acid celluloseRecipe and Condition Cellulose 450 AP (OWG) 0.5
– 1 gm/l Lube pro VX ( crease inhibitor) 0.5 – 1 gm/l White MRC
(anti-redepositing agent) 1 – 2 gm/l Treat at 50C and pH – 5 for 30-45
minsNeutralcelluloseRecipe and Condition Americoscellucom 110 OM
(OWG) 0.5 – 1 gm/l Lube pro VX ( crease inhibitor) 0.5 – 1
gm/l Americos White MRC (anti-redepositing agent) 1 – 2gm/l Treat
at 50C and pH – 5 for 30-45 mins
31. PROCEDURE Load stones in machine (normally 0.5 - 2.0 part
weightstones: 1 part weight garments) if applicable. Load
garments. Desize with alpha amylase enzyme and detergent.
Rinse. Add cellulase enzyme (amount, pH, temperature, andcycle time
dependent upon type of fabric and desiredeffects; manufacturers
10. recommendations should befollowed). Adjust pH as recommended.
Tumble 30-90 minutes.
32. Drain. Rinse well (70◦C). Drain. Separate garments from stones if
used (garmentscan be transferred to another machine). Apply
softener. Extract and unload. De-stone and tumble dry. Press, if
require
33. Advantage of enzyme washing Soft handle and attractive clean
appearance is obtained without severe damage to the surface of yarn.
Simple process handling and minimum effluent problem. Better feel to
touch and increased gloss or luster. Prevents tendency of pilling after
relatively short period of wear. Can be applied on cellulose and its
blend. Due to mild condition of treatment process is less corrosive.
Fancy colour - flenced surface can be obtained without or a partial use
of stone. More reproducible effect can be obtained. It allows more
loading of the garment into machines
34. Environmental friendly treatment. Less damage to seam edges
and badges. Wear and tear of equipment is minimum due to absence
of stone. Use of softener can be avoided or minimised. Easy handling
of floor and severs as messy sludge of stones does not interfere. Due
to absence of stone, labour intensive operation of stone removal is not
required. Homogenous abrasion of the garments. Puckering effect can
also be obtained
35. ACID WASH It is done by tumbling the garments with pumice
stones presoaked in a solution of sodium hypochlorite (5 to 10%) or
potassium permanganate (3 to 6%) for localized bleaching resulting in
a non uniform sharp blue/white contrast. To remove the colour only on
the surface of the garment and produces a frosted appearance In this
wash the color contrast of the denim fabric can be enhanced by optical
brightening. The advantage of this process is that it saves water as
addition of water is not required.
36. PROCEDURE: Soak the stones in solution of sodium hypochlorite
(5 to 10%) or potassium permanganate (3 to 6%) for 1-2 hrs Stones
11. should be drained of excess liquor with help of mesh Placed stones
and garments in machine Tumble for 30 mins or until desire effects
are achieved. Results are dependent up on the dyestuff, fabric, and
concentration of chemical, stones, additives, and equipment In some
cases, stones can be used ( resoaking, porosity ) Rinse Apply
softener Tumble dry Press, if req.
37. Limitations of acid wash: Acid washed, indigo dyed denim has a
tendency to yellow after wet processing. The major cause is residual
manganese due to incomplete neutralization, washing or
rinsing.Remedy: Manganese is effectively removed during laundering
with addition of ethelene- diamine -tetra acetic acid as chelating agent.
Acid washing jeans avoided some of problems of stone wash, but
came with added dangers, expenses, and pollution
38. MICROSANDINGThere are 3 ways for this technique:
Sandblasting Machine sanding Hand sanding or hand brushing
39. Used in various ways: - Flat surfaces (tables, ironing boards) On
the dummy (inflatable dummies, sometimes standing, sometimes flat,
sometimes seated) Various templates can be used to create a 3D
effect.
40. SAND BLASTING Sand blasting technique is based on blasting an
abrasive materialin granular, powdered or other form through a nozzle
at very highspeed and pressure onto specific areas of the garment
surface to betreated to give the desired distressed/ abraded/used look.
It is purely mechanical process, not using any chemicals. It is a water
free process therefore no drying required. Variety of distressed or
abraded looks possible. Any number of designs could be created by
special techniques
41. Advantages : Pure chemical process Water free process
therefore no need drying Variety of distresses or abraded looks
possible Any number of designs could be created by special finishes
42. Wrinkle Free Finish (or) Ant crease Finish (Or) Wash- N-Wear
Finish Cotton fabrics are mainly selected for apparels because of their
12. durability, ability to with stand the rough laundering, good absorption,
comfort to wear and ability to take up a wide range of dyestuffs. The
main headache with the cotton fabric is CREASE formation during
washing, laundering and in use. It is an undesirable property and hence
the crease resistant finish is to be given. It is called as Anti-crease
finish or Crease resistant or Crease recovery finish or Wash-n- Wear‗
finishes.
43. Object of Anti-crease finish Cotton, viscose fabrics form creases
during washing, laundering and in use. To prevent it, the anti-crease
finish is given. It is called as Anti-crease finish or Crease resistant or
Crease recovery finish or Wash-n- Wear finishes. As the resins are
used, it is also called as Resin finishing. It is a permanent chemical
finish. To keep the fabric flat smooth and free from undesirable
creases
44. Usually cotton, linen, viscose and cuprammonium rayon are
finished with resinDepends on1. Amount and type of resin2. Amount
and type of catalyst3. Curing conditions4. Quality of cotton5. Process
preceding finishing and possible damage
45. MECHANISM OF CREASE FORMATION Cotton cellulose
molecular chain contains OH groups in both amorphous and crystalline
region. When a load is applied on to cotton fabric, the cellulose chain
bends and this bending remains permanent since the chains are In-
elastic. The hydrogen bonds form, between the adjacent chains in the
crystalline region are broken and new hydrogen bond are formed at the
folding points and in amorphous region, which do not allow the chain to
return. Hence the creases are formed.
46. Method to prevent creases The method of minimizing the formation
of creasesinvolves cross-linking the OH groups of adjacentcellulosic
chains by means of cross-linking agents. The introduction of cross-links
imparts dimensionalstability and elasticity to the fibrous material
anmakes it crease resistant and crease recoverable. The most
commonly used cross-linking agentsarenothing but resins. The resins
react with OH groups ofcellulose forming cross links which is durable
13. 47. Advantages of resin finishing It improves the Crease Resistance
and Crease Recovery property It reduces the shrinkage of fabric
during laundering It improves the resilience, drape and handle It
imparts a smooth and quick drying property It improves the
Dimensional stability and weight It increase the strength of rayon in
both wet and dry states It gives resistance to degradation by light and
laundering It improves the fastness to light and wash It prevents the
inter-molecular slippage in the fiber It becomes partially water proof
and rot proof.
48. Disadvantages It decreases the tensile strength and tearing
strength It decreases the abrasion resistance It gives harsh and stiff
feel It gives an unpleasant odour It turns yellow after chlorine
bleaching
49. ResinsDMU Di MethylolUreaDMEU Di Methylol Ethylene
UreaDMDHEU Di Methylol Di Hydroxy Ethylene UreaTMM Tri
MethylolMelamineRecipeFor Shirting cloth (Cotton, PIC,
PN)DMU/DMDHEU 80 -100 gpl cross-linking resinMgCl2 - 8 - 10 gpl
catalyst for cross linking reactionPE emulsion 20 gplLubricantReactive
softener 30 gpl softener
50. Process Padding in two bowl padding mangle with 80% expression
at room temperature Drying in stenter with minimum tension at 70 -
80°C Cure at 120°C -150°C for 2-5 min Cross-linking and
polymerization takes place Washing and soaping - I-2gpl soap or TRO
and 2-4 gpl soda ash at 50 -60°C for 10 min acidity is neutralised
Softening and drying - rinsed in water with softener Stentering
51. LASER TECHNOLOGY It is a computer controlled process for
denim fading. This technique enables patterns to be created such as
lines and/or dots, images, text or even pictures. It is water free fading
of denim. Being an automatic system, chances of human error are
slim. Also called spray painting in denims. This technique has
relatively high cost