This document discusses different types of sewing machines and their key features. It describes the basic parts of a sewing machine and different stitch formation mechanisms. The types of sewing machines covered include chain stitch, lock stitch, multi-thread chain stitch, overlock, and flatlock machines. For each type, the document provides information on their stitch per minute rate, stitches per inch, and stitch length. It also discusses various feeding mechanisms like drop feed, needle feed, and differential bottom feed. Proper maintenance of sewing machines is emphasized.

1. ANALYSIS OF MACHINE FEATURES OF
DIFFERENT SEWING MACHINES
Presenter
Md. Rubaiet Ibn Raihan
Department of Textile Engineering
www.linkedin.com/in/rubaiet-raihan-a1a57a12a

2. STITCH : THE LOOPING MECHANISM OF SEWING
THREAD
A game of Needle and Thread

3. HISTORY OF SEWING AND SEWING MACHINE:
• Sewing is one of the oldest of the textile arts
• Arising in the Paleolithic era
• For thousands of years, all sewing was done by hand.
• The world's first sewing machine was patented in 1790 by Thomas Saint.
• By the 1850s, Isaac Singer developed
• Electric sewing machines were first produced in the 1920s

4. TYPES OF MACHINES:
• Chain Stitch Sewing Machine
• Hand Stitch Sewing Machine
• Lock Stitch Sewing Machine
• Multi thread Chain Stitch Sewing
Machine
• Over lock Stitch Sewing Machine
• Flat Stitch Sewing Machine

5. THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF SEWING MACHINE IS THE SAME WHETHER IT
IS HAND-OPERATED SEWING, TREADLE SEWING MACHINE OR ELECTRIC
SEWING MACHINE.

6. USES OF PARTS:
• Thread Stand: Carries thread package
• Spool Pin: Hold the spool of thread
• Thread Take Up Lever: Thread take-up lever moves up and
down with the needle
• Feed Dog: Moves the fabric while stitching
• Throat Plate: Slippery plate reduces friction
• Bobbin Case: Carry Bobbin
• Looper: Make separate loop and throw it into needle loop
• Presser foot: Presser foot holds the fabric in its definite
place
• Hand wheel: Hand wheel is used to raise and lower the
needle
• Needle: Needle is used to form a stitch in the garments

7. FEATURES OF SEWING MACHINE
•Machine Life Cycle
•SPM (Stitch per Minute)
•SPI (Stitch per Inch)
•Stitch Length

8. • SPM (Stitch per Minute): 1800 – 6000
• SPI (Stitch per Inch): 10
• Stitch Length:1.4 mm to 4.5 mm
Chain Stitch Machine

9. HAND STITCH MACHINE:
• SPM (Stitch per Minute): 1000
• Stitch Length: 2.5mm

10. LOCK STITCH MACHINE
• SPM (Stitch per Minute): 1500 – 5500
• SPI (Stitch per Inch): 7-8
• Stitch Length: 5 mm in Juki DDL
5500 Model

11. MULTI THREAD CHAIN STITCH MACHINE
• SPM (Stitch per Minute): 3000
• SPI (Stitch per Inch): 7-8
• Stitch Length: 5mm

12. OVER LOCK STITCH MACHINE
• SPM (Stitch per Minute): 6500 – 8500
• Stitch Length: 4 mm (maximum) and
it can be adjusted by push button.

13. FLAT STITCH MACHINE:
• SPM (Stitch per Minute): 6000
• SPI (Stitch per Inch): 8 to 16
• Stitch Length: 3-8 mm

14. CHAIN STITCH LOOP FORMATION:

15. HAND STITCH:
• The upward and downward
movement of needle.
• Saddle machine is the alternative.

16. LOCK STITCH LOOP FORMATION:
Mechanism: Interlacement
Needle Thread and Bobbin Thread

17. MULTI THREAD CHAIN STITCH:
Mechanism: Intralooping or Interlooping
Needle + Looper

18. OVERLOCK STITCH LOOP FORMATION:
Mechanism: Intra looping + Inter looping
Interlacing + Inter looping
Needle Thread and Looper

19. FLAT LOCK STITCH LOOP FORMATION:
Mechanism: Intra looping + Inter looping
Interlacing + Intra looping
Needle Thread and Looper

20. FEEDING MECHANISM:
• Feed mechanisms is the basic motion of needles, loopers
and bobbins, the material being sewn must move so that
each cycle of needle motion involves a different part of
the material. This motion is known as feed mechanism.
• For general categories, there are:
o Drop feed mechanism
o Needle feed mechanism
o Differential bottom feed mechanism
o Puller feed mechanism
o Adjustable top feed mechanism.

21. DROP FEED MECHANISM
Lock Stitch Machine

22. NEEDLE FEED MECHANISM
• Needle feed is the feed system in
which the needle itself moves
forwards and backwards.
• The needle enters the fabric, moves
back with it as it is moved along to
begin the next stitch.
• It is particularly useful in bulky sewing
situations such as when quilting
through the fabric and wadding. 2-
needle, Needle-feed, Lockstitch
Machine
• Used for stitching slippery fabric as
well heavy material like leather, carpet
etc.

23. DIFFERENTIAL BOTTOM FEED MECHANISM
• Modification of drop feed system.
• In the feed mechanism the feed
dog consists of 2 section one at
back & one at front of the needle.
• Mechanism of each section of feed
dog is like the drop feed system.
But the speed of each part can be
adjusted separately.
• Extensively used for stretchy
materials.

24. Puller feed mechanism
*Usually accomplished by feed rolls; "rollers".
*Material passes between rolls, between upper roll and bed, or between lower
roll and presser foot.

25. ADJUSTABLE TOP FEED MECHANISM

26. MAINTENANCE & CONCLUSION:
1. Machine should be cleaned every day.
2. Essential parts of the machine should be lubricated or oiled regularly.
3. Needle should be adjusted carefully.
4. Needle thread, bobbin thread or looper thread should be threaded
correctly and their tension should be adjusted.
5. The pressure of pressure of pressure foot should be adjusted.
6. Stitch density should be adjusted.
7. Switching (on/off) should be proper.
8. Machine should be handled according to instruction.
9. The hand wheel should always be rotated towards the operator.
10. Bobbin thread should be wound in uniform tension.
11. During fabric feed and with drawl, the needle should be picked at the
top most position and the pressure foot is lifted.
12. One-fifth portion of bobbin should always remain empty after winding
thread.

27. THANK
YOU