Garment washing transforms the appearance, comfort, and fashion of garments through various processes. The document discusses 10 types of washes including normal wash, pigment wash, caustic wash, enzyme wash, stone wash, super white wash, bleach wash, acid wash, silicon wash, and detergent wash. Each wash is used for specific reasons such as creating fading effects, softness, shrinkage, abrasion, consistent quality, and removing impurities. Stone wash in particular mimics natural wear by tumbling garments with stones to roughen fabrics like denim.

1. By: Mr. Abdul Latif
Types Of Garments Wash

3. The process which is used to
transform / change / alter the
outlook, appearance, comfort
ability & fashion apple of the
garments is called garment
washing.
What Is Garment Washing?

4. Why Garments Are Washed?
There may be the following reasons to wash the garments…
 To influence the physical properties such as softness,
absorbency, creasing etc.
 To influence appearance by altering the nature of yarn of
fabric or luster (polish).
 To create shrinkage & effects of shrinkage like puckering
of garments.
 To create abrasion/ scraping / cut / scratch & related effects.
 To create a trend of fashion with consistent quality &
brand image with range of finishes.

5. Types of Garment Washes
1. Normal Wash/ Rinse Wash
2. Pigment Wash
3. Caustic Wash
4. Enzyme Wash
5. Stone Wash
6. Super White Wash
7. Bleach Wash
8. Acid Wash
9. Silicon Wash
10. Detergent Wash

6. Normal wash is required for the following reasons:
 To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments.
 To remove starch presents on the garment fabrics.
 For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing.
 To achieve buyer washing standard.
Normal Wash / Garments Wash

7. Pigment wash generally doing on pigment dyed or printed Garments by
pigment washing technique.
Pigment wash is required for the following reasons:
 To fading affect/old looking affect on Garment and also seam abrasion.
 For soft feeling to wear the garment after purchasing.
 To achieve the buyer washing standard.
 To increase the color fastness & rubbing.
Pigment Wash

8. Caustic wash generally doing on Reactive dye, Sulpher dye,
Direct dyed or printed Garments.
Caustic wash is required for the following reasons:
 To fading/old looking affect on Garment and seam abrasion affection seam area.
 To remove the size materials, starch from the garments.
 To increase the color fastness & rubbing fastness.
 To increase the hairiness on garments.
 To achieve the buyer reference sample.
Caustic Wash

9. Enzyme Wash
Enzymes are bimolecular that catalyze, or increase the rate of, chemical
reactions. Enzyme wash is required for the following reasons :
 To remove the starch presents on the garments fabrics.
 To achieve the high low abrasion (stone affect) on garment and seam
abrasion insewing area.
 Enzyme attack as chemically not mechanically for this reason low
damage/wastage then stone wash.
 For soft feeling to wear the garment.
 To achieve the buyer reference sample.
 To increase the color fastness & rubbing fastness.
 Enzyme improves the anti-pilling properties.
 Enzyme attacks more the surface of the fabrics and gives a very smooth
surface

10. Stone Wash
Stone washing is a textile manufacturing process used to give a newly
manufactured cloth garment a worn-in (or worn-out) appearance.
Stone-washing also helps to increase the softness and flexibility of
otherwise stiff and rigid fabrics such as canvas and denim.
The process uses large stones to roughen up the fabric being processed.
The garments are placed in a large horizontal industrial clothes washer that
is also filled with large stones. As the wash cylinder rotates, the cloth fibers
are repeatedly pounded and beaten as the tumbling stones ride up the
paddles inside the drum and fall back down onto the fabric.
A number of people and organizations have claimed to have invented stone-
washing. According to Levi Strauss & Co., Donald Freeland, an employee
of the Great Western Garment Company (later acquired by Levi's), invented
"stone-washing" denim in the 1950s.

11. Super White Wash
 Normally done on the garments made from cotton grey fabric.
 The garments after wash become extremely white.
 Washing is carried out in steps.
 To achieve the buyer washing standard.
 For soft feeling to wear the garments.
 To remove size materials from the garments, etc.
Step of super white wash..
Bleaching
Hot Wash
Neutralization
Brightening
Softening
Hydroexteractor Machine
Drying Machine

12. Bleach Wash
Bleach wash or light stone wash refers to light blue shades of denim. The
additional step is bleaching to stone wash. This bleaching is usually carried
out by strong oxidizing agents. In industry, most widely used chemicals are
sodium hypo-chlorite, calcium hypo-chlorite, hydrogen per oxide and
potassium permanganate. Other than that many products with different
brand names are available in market. Distinction of Light stone wash to
stone wash is the additional extensive oxidation/bleaching process.
This gives garment a more used look and brighter complexion. Further
more in heavy Bleach wash other effects are more merged and diffused as
compare to Medium Stone Wash.

13. Acid Wash
During Acid wash, pumic stones are used. By the action of pumic stones,
irregular fading affect is developed on the heavy garments like denims, thick
canvas/twill, and sweater. The pumic stones act a brushing action on the
garment fabric surface. The area where more brushing action takes place
there more discolor or fading affect is developed and the area where less
brushing action takes place less brushing action and takes place less fading
affect will be developed. The multi-layer fabric areas like –collar, calf,
pocket, placket, side seam etc area will be brushed more than the single layer
areas. As a result irregular fading affect will be developed on the garments
fabric surface. Thus in this way fading affect may be developed on the
garment by acid wash technique.
Objects of Acid Wash:
1. To produce irregular fading effects or old looking effect.
2. For soft feeling to wear the garments i.e. to improve softness.
3. To achieve the buyer washing standard.
4. To increase rubbing fastness.

14. Silicon washes generally doing on all type of fabrics i.e. Twill, Denim,
Canvas, Knit.
Silicon wash is required for the following reasons:-
 It gives durable softness, elastic handle.
 It helps to anti-pilling affects, dimensional stability, and tear resistance.
 It helps to fabrics to be cut and sewn more easily allows and improving
wears and easy care properties.
Silicon Wash