The document discusses various dry process techniques used for denim garments. Some key processes mentioned include sand blasting, hand sanding, whiskering, pp spraying, destroying, grinding, crinkling, resin spraying, and heat pressing. Sand blasting uses compressed sand to remove color, while hand sanding does so manually. Whiskering creates patterns by removing color in designed areas. Resin is also discussed for applications like permanent creasing. Proper resin application and curing is important to avoid fabric damage.

1. Dry Process Techniques
--Rehnuma Chowdhury
The process which is applied in the
dry condition of garments is called
dry process.
Actually this process is done at unwashed
condition.
Dry process is the ornaments of denim garments.
Without dry process denim garments doesn’t look
nice.
Now a days some dry process are applied on twill
garments also.

2. TYPES OF DRY PROCESS
 Hand Sand.
 Sand Blast.
 Whisker.
 Laser Whisker.
 Destroy.
 PP Spray
 Tagging.
 Grinding.
 Crinkle.
3-D Crinkle.
PP Rubbing.
Resin spray.
Heat Pressing.
Pocket Marking.
Seam Marking.
Center Crease.
Crease Mark Over all.
Bleach Spot/PP Spot.

3. Sand Blasting:
 This is the process that also applied for removing the
color and it is done at the dry condition of the
garments.
 This process is done by air flow gun with the help of
sand.
 The high pressure sand is applied on the specific area
of the garments and eventually the color will reduce.
 However, this process has some disadvantages ,so
that this process is banned now.
Hand Sand:
 Hand Sand process is done at dry condition to
remove the color from specific area of the garment.
Maximum garments is tested by this process because
sand blasting is now banned.
This process is done manually with abrasive paper
on specific area.
At first we have to mark the garments then put on
dummy and scrap it. After this process, quality is
checked and then it is sent for first wash. This process
will be nicely visible after complete wash.

4. Difference Between Sand Blast And Hand Sand
Process
Sand Blasting
• This process is done by gun with the
help of air flow.
• Total indigo is out, so slap is down.
• Metal can be found sometimes.
• Effect is on top of surface.
• Less yarn character.
• Process is faster.
• Environmental hazardous.
• Health hazardous.
• Production high.
• Evenness on surface.
• Easy to control.
Hand Sand
• This process is done by manually with
the help of abrasive paper.
• Inside indigo stay, so that slap is
increase.
• No possibilities to found metal.
• Effect is in depth of surface.
• More yarn character.
• Process is lengthy.
• Environmental hazardous.
• Also health hazardous.
• Production low.
• Sometimes unevenness.
• Difficult to control.

5.  Manual Whisker:
This whisker is done manually with the help of pattern. On denim
garments we have done it by abrasive paper. This whisker absorb the
color homogenously.
 Laser Whisker:
 This whisker is done by laser machine.
 At First, design is made in the Photoshop or illustrator, then it is inserted
into the laser machine and
 The intensity is fixed and imposed on the garments according to marking
and the indigo is burned.
 After wash the burned indigo is removed and whisker is visible. This
whisker production is more but the tint absorb is very uneven.
Whisker:
 Whisker is most important dry process for denim
garments.
Whisker is done making a pattern and put in the
garments then remove color from pattern area.
After wash we can see the pattern mark. It is one
kind of design on garments.
Whisker are two types depending on process.

6. PP Spray:
 Means potassium permanganate spray on the garments at specific
area.
 This chemical is sprayed to reduce the color from garments.
 First, the garments is put into dummy then the forced air
circulation is applied.
 Then we spray pp with the help of pp gun aided by air pressure.
 This spray is done on the scrapping area and after neutralization a
white look appears on the spray area.
Destroy :
 Destroy is a process which is done by pen grinding
machine. At first, the garments is marked then slightly
attached with this machine.
During the process the cellulose is removed.
After wash we can get a good destroy look of
garments. This process can also be done by another
method.

7. Grinding:
 Grinding is the process by which we will get the used effect of
garments.
 This process is completely done at edges area.
 If the garments has two time wash that time we will wash it after
first wash to avoid the damages of garments.
Tagging:
Tagging is the process which is done at unwashed condition of
garments.
The effect is visible after wash. It is usually done at the edge area
by folding the garments.
This process can be done by the tag gun, plastic staple machine or
manually.
Sometimes this process damages the garments by creating hole.

8. Crinkle:
 Crinkle is the process by this we squeeze the garments at front
and back knee area.
This process is done by crinkle machine or by manual clipping of
specific area.
First time we have to spray the resin on the marked area
Then the garments is clipped and put into curing oven at 150c
for a certain time.
Another process is after resin spray ,squeezed by machine.
3-D Crinkle:
 This is the 3D effect of crinkle. This effect is found by the
special treatments of garments.
First we have to spray resin on the 3D area then making 3D with
help of pattern then it put into oven for curing
After curing ,the garments is washed to get white effect on top.

9. Resin Spray:
 Resin spray is used for making coating on the
garments.
 When it is required that the garments should be very
smooth and hard – In that case, the resin spray
procedure is used.
 This process is done by spraying resin on the full of
garments then put into oven for curing the garments.
 After curing we will get a coating garments.
PP Rubbing:
 Sometimes, according to development requirements
pp rubbing process is used to get the effect.
By this process we get more high-low effect.
There is a difference between spray and rubbing. For
spray we will not get more high—low on the area but for
rubbing, we will get it. But this process is difficult to
handle.

10. Seam Marking:
 Side seam hand sand is done to get the seam marking at
side seam point.
 This effect is visible after washing is done
 A marking appears at side seam which looks nice.
Heat Pressing:
 Heat pressing is used to get permanents pleats of
garments.
First resin is sprayed on specific area of garments
then it is pressed along with heat.
Finally, we will get it permanent pleated.
Pocket Marking:
Pocket mark is done by scrapping to the inside
lining visible.
This process we can follow when you wear the
garments. It means that you used this garments so
many time and for that reasons we can see pocket
lining mark but this is happened by hand sand. ?

11. Crimping:
Fabric is crimped then ironed to create
permanent crease mark.
Center Crease:
 Center crease is the dry process which show the crease
marked at middle side of front and back.
This process is done by putting a pattern inside the
garments then making crease by abrasive paper.
After wash, this special mark is visible
Pigment Spray:
Pigment spray is the process by which we will get uneven
color look at garments surface.
First, the wash process is completed
Then, the pigment is sprayed on the garments surface.
The pigment solution is prepared using pigment dye ,binder
and liquid.
After spraying, the garments will be sent to oven for curing.
After that process, this color will be fixed and a good look
appears

12. Resin spot:
 Resin spot is the process by which we will get the spot or
design.
 First, the resin solution is prepared using resin and binder
mixing with water at required level.
 Then the solution is applied according to the design or spot.
 After making spot the garment is sent to oven for curing
 After curing, the washing process is started. This process is
done at unwashed condition because the design is made by
raw denim color. For resin effect, the color will not cut.
Towel Bleach:
 It is one kind of bleaching process that give us the uneven look on the
garments.
In this process, some small piece of towel is taken and dipped in bleaching
solution.
Then, these pieces are slightly dried.
After that we put into machine and give the original garments which need to be
uneven wash then complete the process.

13. PP Spot/Bleach Spot:
This process is done by making pp solution or
bleach solution then make some spot on the
garments according to requirement.
After neutralization of this garments we will get
the nice spot.
But there is a difference between pp spot and
bleach spot. By pp spot we get white look spot and
for bleach we get slight yellowish spot.
?

14. Application of Resin
 Resin is liquid form of polymer.
 It is the chemical by which we make the crinkle and 3D crinkle in washing plant.
 This chemical is also used to make the fabric hard, weight giving agent and for
create coating on the fabric.
This chemicals is mostly used to make the permanent palette by 3d crinkle or
crinkle..
*** The resin which we use that must be formaldehyde free.

15. Based on the use resin is two types:
Pre catalyst Resin:
The resin which we can apply directly on
the fabric or garments. In this procedure, resin
catalyst is mixed earlier. After Appling, it works
on fabric cellulose and makes bond by curing
reaction. This reaction is happened at 150c in
the oven.
Post catalyst Resin:
The resin which we can not apply directly is
called post catalyst resin. Before applying we
have to mix binder and catalyst. Then we apply
this resin on the garments or fabrics. Some
times we used the resin to making coat and
increase the weight of the fabric, This
application is done at washing machine.
Resin is used as various agent
in textile section. It is used for
crinkle,3d crinkle, resin spot
on the garments, making
surface coating on garments
,increase the hardness of
fabric. Resin reacts with fiber
and makes bond with cellulose
at high temperature. Then
permanent pleat is formed.
Application of Resin

16. Resin is directly used on the garments then it is cured.
Resin application is very critical because of its nature.
Resin should be applied at optimum level. Because, exceeding the limit might
cause permanent damage to the fabric.
Resin should be applied according to fabric strength and construction.
Most importantly, Resin should be formaldehyde free.
Application of Resin

17. Resin-Troubleshooting
Application of resin, results to reduce the fabric strength by
40%. Therefore fabric or style selected for resin finishes should
have a 40% higher tensile and tear strength for good outcome.
If the resin application is more on specific area that garments
will tear.
If we use more than one time, it might tear
If oven time is more, it might tear
If oven temperature is excessively high.
If we use more regin, garments will become more hard.
Due to resin, unwanted spot may appear in the garments.
For resin some times pocket might damage.