The document outlines demographic indicators essential for understanding a country's population, such as size, composition, sex ratio, and vital statistics like birth and death rates. It highlights India's population characteristics from the 2011 census, noting trends in age composition, dependency ratios, and literacy rates. It also discusses various fertility metrics and their implications for population growth and health services.

1. DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
Sharon Treesa Antony
Assistant Professor
Govt.College of Nursing
Alappuzha

2.  Demographic characteristics of a country
provide an overview of its population size,
composition, territorial distribution, changes
therein and the components of changes such
as natality, mortality and social mobility

3. SOURCES
 Census
 Vital events registers
 Sample registration system ( dual record
system consisting of continuous enumeration
of births and deaths by an enumerator and
an independent survey every 6 months by an
investigator )
 Surveys

4. CLASSIFICATION
 Population Statistics
 Vital Statistics

5. POPULATION STATISTICS
 Population size
 Age and sex composition
 Sex ratio
 Population density
 Dependency ratio

6. VITAL STATISTICS
 Birth rate
 Death rate
 Natural growth rate
 Life expectancy at birth
 Mortality rate
 Fertility rate

7. POPULATION SIZE
 Number of people living in the country
 India’s population, as per census 2011 stood
at 12108.5 Lakh.
 The growth rate of population for India in the
last decade – 17.64%

8. AGE AND SEX COMPOSITION
 Proportion of population < 14 yrs. -
“DECLINING Trend” .
 Proportion of the elderly “INCREASING”.
 This Imposes a greater BURDEN on Health
services in India.

9. POPULATION PYRAMID
 A population pyramid, also called an "age-
gender-pyramid", is a graphical illustration
that shows the distribution of various age
groups in a population which forms the
shape of a pyramid when the population is
growing.
 Males are conventionally shown on the left
and females on the right, and they may be
measured by raw number or as a percentage
of the total population.

12. SEX RATIO
 The number of females per 1000 males

13. POPULATION DENSITY
 Number of persons living per square
kilometer

14. DEPENDENCY RATIO
 The proportion of persons above 65 years of
age and children below 15 years of age are
considered to be dependent on the
economically productive age group (15-64
years).
 Total dependency ratio/Societal dependency
ratio=
Children 0-14 years + Population more than 65
years of age
Population of 15-64 years

15.  Can be divided into:
1. Young age dependency ratio(0-14 years)
2. Old age dependency ratio (65 years and
more)

16. LITERACY
 Crude literacy rate=
Number of literate persons
*100
Total population in a given year

17.  Effective literacy rate=
Number of literate persons aged 7 and above
Population aged 7 and above in a given year

18. CRUDE BIRTH RATE
 The crude birth rate is the number of
live births occurring among the population of
a given geographical area during a given
year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of
the given geographical area during the same
year.

19. CRUDE DEATH RATE
 The crude death rate is the number of deaths
occurring among the population of a given
geographical area during a given year, per
1,000 mid-year total population of the given
geographical area during the same year.

20. NATURAL GROWTH RATE
 When the crude death rate is subtracted from
the crude birth rate, the net residual is the
current annual growth rate, exclusive of
migration.

22. LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH
 Life expectancy at birth is defined as the
average number of years that a newborn
could expect to live according to the
mortality pattern prevalent in that country.
 Indicator of country’s level of development &
overall health status of the population.” •

23. MORTALITY RATE
 A mortality rate is a measure of the
frequency of occurrence of death in a defined
population during a specified interval.
Eg: Crude mortality rate (crude death rate),
Cause-specific mortality rate, Age-specific
mortality rate, Sex-specific mortality rate

24. FERTILITY RATE
 By fertility is meant actual bearing of
children.
 Also called natality
 May be measured by number of indicators

25. FERTILITY BASED STATISTICS/REPRODUCTIVE
INDICATORS
 Birth rate
 General fertility rate
 General marital fertility rate
 Age specific fertility indicators
 Age-specific marital fertility rate
 Total fertility rate
 Total marital fertility rate
 Gross reproduction rate
 Net reproduction rate
 Child-women ratio
 Pregnancy rate
 Abortion rate
 Abortion ratio
 Marriage rate

26. CRUDE BIRTH RATE
 The crude birth rate is the annual number of
live births per 1,000 population.

27. GENERAL FERTILITY RATE
 It is the number of live births per 1000
women in the reproductive age group (15-44
or 49 years) in a given year.

28. GENERAL MARITAL FERTILITY RATE (GMFR)
 It is the number of live births per 1000
married women in the reproductive age-
group (15 – 49 yr.) in a given year

29. AGE- SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE
 It is the number of the live births in a year to
1000 women in any specified age-group

30. AGE - SPECIFIC MARITAL FERTILITY RATE
 It is the number of live births in a year to
1000 married women in any specified age
group.
 ASMFR=
No. of live births in a particular age group
*1000
Mid-year married female population of the
same age group

31. TOTAL FERTILITY RATE
 It is the average no. of children a woman
would have if she were to pass through her
reproductive years, bearing children at the
same rate as the woman now in each age
group

32. TOTAL MARITAL FERTILITY RATE
 Average no. of children that would be born to
a married woman if she experiences the
current fertility pattern throughout her
reproductive span.

33. GROSS REPRODUCTION RATE
 Average number of girls that would be born
to a woman if she experiences the current
fertility pattern throughout her reproductive
span (15-49 yr.) assuming no mortality.

34. NET REPRODUCTION RATE
 It is defined as the number of daughters a
new born girl will bear during her lifetime,
assuming fixed age specific fertility and
mortality rates.

35. CHILD-WOMEN RATIO
 It is the number of children 0-4 years of age
per 1000 women of child-bearing age,
usually defined as 15-44 or 49 years of age.

36. PREGNANCY RATE
 It is the ratio of number of pregnancies in a
year to married women in the ages 15-44 or
(or 49 years).

37. ABORTION RATE
 It is the number of all types of abortions,
usually per 1000 women of childbearing age
(usually defined as 15-44 years).

38. ABORTION RATIO
 This is calculated by dividing the number of
abortions performed during a particular time
period by the number of live births over the
same period.

39. MARRIAGE RATE
 It is the no. of marriages in the year per 1000
population:
No. of marriages in the year
*1000
Mid-year population

40. GENERAL MARRIAGE RATE:
No. of marriages within one year
*1000
No. of unmarried persons age 15-49years

41. THANK YOU