The document discusses various sources of secondary demographic data and indicators in India such as the Census of India, Sample Registration System (SRS), National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), National Family Health Survey (NFHS), and District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS). It provides details on the history, purpose, and indicators collected by each system. The census has been conducted every 10 years since 1872 to collect population data. SRS and other surveys provide annual estimates of indicators like birth rate and death rate as well as data on health and living standards.

1. Sources of Secondary
Data and Demographic
Indicators
Dr. Rajeev Kumar
M.S.W., (TISS, Mumbai), M.Phil., (CIP, Ranchi), UGC-JRF., Ph.D., (IIT Kharagpur)
05-07-2021 ©Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 1

2. Census of India
The decennial Census of India has been conducted 15 times, as of
2011.
While it has been undertaken every 10 years, beginning in 1872 under
British Viceroy Lord Mayo, the first complete census was taken in 1881.
Post 1949, it has been conducted by the Registrar General and Census
Commissioner of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government
of India.
All the censuses since 1951 were conducted under the 1948 Census of
India Act.
The last census was held in 2011, whilst the next will be held in 2021.
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3. Sample registration system (SRS)
• The SRS is a demographic survey for providing reliable annual estimates of
infant mortality rate, birth rate, death rate and other fertility and mortality
indicators at the national and sub-national levels.
• Initiated on a pilot basis by the Registrar General of India in a few states in
1964-65, i became fully operational during 1969-70.
• The field investigation consists of a continuous enumeration of births and
deaths in selected sample units by resident part-time enumerators,
generally Anganwadi workers and teachers; and an independent
retrospective survey every six months by SRS supervisors.
• The data obtained by these two independent functionaries are matched.
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4. What we get from SRS?
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5. National Sample Survey Organization
• NSSO stands for a national sample survey
organization.
• It is the organization under the ministry of
statistics of the government of India.
• Functions of NSSO:
• 1. It conducts socio-economic surveys on
various subjects like employment, consumer
expenditure, health, unemployment, and
medical services, etc.
• 2. It decides the topics to be covered in a
particular survey found.
• 3. It conducts an annual survey of Industries
every year.
• 4. It gives every year reports on the status of
estimation of agriculture production in India.
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6. National Family Health survey
• NFHS is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative
sample of households throughout India.
• All NFHSs have been conducted under the stewardship of the Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, with the International
Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) Mumbai, serving as the nodal
agency.
Established in 1956 under the joint sponsorship of Sir Dorabji Tata Trust,
the Government of India and the United Nations (UN), IIPS has established
itself as the premier institute for training and research in population
studies for developing countries in the Asia and Pacific region.
• Phase 2 of the survey (covering remaining states) was delayed due to
the Covid-19 pandemic and its results are expected to be made available
in May 2021.
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7. Earlier rounds of NFHS
• National Family Health Survey-1 (1992-93)
• National Family Health Survey-2 (1998-99)
• National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-2006)
• National Family Health Survey-4 (2014-2015)
• National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2020)
• In 1992-93, the first round of the National Family Health Survey was conducted in three
phases.
• The main objective of the survey was to collect reliable and up-to-date information
on fertility, family planning, mortality, and maternal & child health. Subsequently, four
other rounds conducted between 1998 to 2015.
• The latest being NFHS 5 that started in 2019, however, was stalled amid the COVID-
19 associated lockdown.
• Eventually, the NFHS-5 findings were released in December 2020. Based on these
findings, the ministry has set up a technical expert group to improve indicators pertaining
to Malnutrition, Stunting, Anaemia, and C-Section
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8. The District Level Household and Facility
Survey (DLHS)
• The District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS) was initiated in
2007 with a view to assess the utilization of services provided by
government health care facilities and people’s perception about the quality
of services.
• The DLHS-3 is the third in the series of district surveys, preceded by DLHS-1
in 1998-99 and DLHS-2 in 2002-04.
• DLHS-3, like other two earlier rounds, is designed to provide estimates on
important indicators on maternal and child health, family planning and
other reproductive health services.
• In addition, DLHS-3 provides information on important interventions of
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).
• Unlike other two rounds in which only currently married women age 15-44
years were interviewed, DLHS -3 interviewed ever-married women (age 15-
49) and never married women (age 15-24).
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9. Important indicators of demography
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10. What is big divide? And why it happened ?
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11. Household: A 'household' is usually a group of
persons who normally live together and take their
meals from a common kitchen unless the
exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing
so. ... For example, a person living alone in
a census house whether cooking or not cooking
meals is treated as a household.
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27. Comparison of Indian states with foreign countries
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31. Global scenario of sex ratio
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33. Dependency ratio at global level
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34. Dependency ratio in India
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38. Demographic
window is defined to
be that period of time
in a
nation's demographic e
volution when the
proportion
of population of
working age group is
particularly prominent.
This occurs when the
demographic
architecture of a
population becomes
younger and the
percentage of people
able to work reaches
its height
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45. High population density and health implications
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46. Thanks for listening patiently!!!
To be continued ……
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