Sanger sequencing is one of the DNA sequencing methods used to identify and determine the sequence (Nucleotide) of DNA .This is an enzymatic method of sequencing developed by Fred Sanger.
Sanger sequencing is one of the DNA sequencing methods used to identify and determine the sequence (Nucleotide) of DNA .This is an enzymatic method of sequencing developed by Fred Sanger.
STS stands for sequence tagged site which is short DNA sequence, generally between 100 and 500 bp in length, that is easily recognizable and occurs only once in the chromosome or genome being studied.
It is a subtype of the gel electrophoresis whereby the normal gel is replaced with polyacrylamide gels used as support media.
Gels are made by free radical-induced polymerization of acrylamide and N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide.
It is the most widely used technique of electrophoresis.
The isolation, culture and fusion of protoplasts is a fascinating field in plant research. Protoplast isolation and their cultures provide millions of single cells (comparable to microbial cells) for a variety of studies.
introduction,history scope and applications of
relation to other fields , bioinformatics,biological databases,computers internet,sequence development, and
introduction to sequence development and alignment
STS stands for sequence tagged site which is short DNA sequence, generally between 100 and 500 bp in length, that is easily recognizable and occurs only once in the chromosome or genome being studied.
It is a subtype of the gel electrophoresis whereby the normal gel is replaced with polyacrylamide gels used as support media.
Gels are made by free radical-induced polymerization of acrylamide and N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide.
It is the most widely used technique of electrophoresis.
The isolation, culture and fusion of protoplasts is a fascinating field in plant research. Protoplast isolation and their cultures provide millions of single cells (comparable to microbial cells) for a variety of studies.
introduction,history scope and applications of
relation to other fields , bioinformatics,biological databases,computers internet,sequence development, and
introduction to sequence development and alignment
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based Data Hiding in Image Complex Region IJECEIAES
This paper presents data an Ant colony optimization (ACO) based data hiding technique. ACO is used to detect complex region of cover image and afterward, least significant bits (LSB) substitution is used to hide secret information in the detected complex regions’ pixels. ACO is an algorithm developed inspired by the inborn manners of ant species. The ant leaves pheromone on the ground for searching food and provisions. The proposed ACO-based data hiding in complex region establishes an array of pheromone, also called pheromone matrix, which represents the complex region in sequence at each pixel position of the cover image. The pheromone matrix is developed according to the movements of ants, determined by local differences of the image element’s intensity. The least significant bits of complex region pixels are substituted with message bits, to hide secret information. The experimental results, provided, show the significance of the performance of the proposed method.
Neuromorphic Engineering is the new branch developing too much.Temporal Contrast Vision Sensor is one of the methods for Contour detection for a moving object.
S IGNAL A ND I MAGE P ROCESSING OF O PTICAL C OHERENCE T OMOGRAPHY AT 1310 NM...sipij
OCT is a recently developed optical interferometric
technique for non-invasive diagnostic medical imag
ing
in vivo; the most sensitive optical imaging modalit
y.OCT finds its application in ophthalmology, blood
flow
estimation and cancer diagnosis along with many non
biomedical applications. The main advantage of
OCT is its high resolution which is in
μ
m range and depth of penetration in mm range. Unlik
e other
techniques like X rays and CT scan, OCT does not co
mprise any x ray source and therefore no radiations
are involved. This research work discusses the basi
cs of spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT), experimental
setup, data acquisition and signal processing invol
ved in OCT systems. Simulation of OCT involving
modelling and signal processing, carried out on Lab
VIEW platform has been discussed. Using the
experimental setup, some of the non biomedical samp
les have been scanned. The signal processing and
image processing of the scanned data was carried ou
t in MATLAB and Lab VIEW, some of the results thus
obtained have been discussed in the end
Survey of local binary pattern for fire & smoke using wavelet decompositioneSAT Journals
Abstract
Current Automatic Smoke Detection Mechanism’s, i.e. Fire Alarms, include sensor technologies, which are unreliable, as the
alarm can go off, even though there is no fire or smoke. Using image processing a quite accurate system for smoke detection
and amount of smoke generated, i.e. seriousness of the condition when there is a fire can be estimated. So, a pixel level analysis
is required.
Keywords: Smoke Detection, Image Segmentation, Color Space Model, Fuzzy Inference System.
Particle Swarm Optimization for Nano-Particles Extraction from Supporting Mat...CSCJournals
Metallic and non-metallic nano-particles have attracted much interest concerning their wide applications. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the state of the art method to characterize a nano-particle with respect to size, morphology, structure, or composition. This paper presents an efficient evolutionary computational method, particle swarm optimization (PSO), for automatic segmentation of nano-particles. A threshold-based segmentation technique is applied, where image entropy is attacked as a minimization problem to specify local and global thresholds. We are concerned with reducing wrong characterization of nano-particles due to concentration of liquid solutions or supporting material within the acquired image. The obtained results are compared with manual techniques and with previous researches in this area.
An algorithm for detection of tuberculosis bacilli in Ziehl-Neelsen sputum sm...IJECEIAES
This work proposes an algorithm oriented to the detection of tuberculosis bacilli in digital images of sputum samples, inked with the Ziehl Neelsen method and prepared with the direct, pellet and diluted pellet methods. The algorithm aims at automating the optical analysis of bacilli count and the calculation of the concentration level. Several algorithms have been proposed in the literature with the same objective, however, in no case is the performance in sensitivity and specificity evaluated for the 3 preparation methods. The proposed algorithm improves the contrast of the colors of interest, then thresholds the image and segments by labeling the objects of interest (bacilli). Each object then has its geometrical descriptors and photometric descriptors. With all this, a characteristic vector is formed, which are used in the training and classification process of an SVM. For the training 225 images obtained by the 3 preparation methods were used. The proposed algorithm reached, for the direct method, a sensitivity level of 93.67% and a specificity level of 89.23%. In the case of the Pellet method, a sensitivity of 92.13% and a specificity of 82.58% was obtained, while for diluted Pellet the sensitivity was 92.81% and the specificity 83.61%.
Atmospheric Correction of Remotely Sensed Images in Spatial and Transform DomainCSCJournals
Remotely sensed data is an effective source of information for monitoring changes in land use and land cover. However remotely sensed images are often degraded due to atmospheric effects or physical limitations. Atmospheric correction minimizes or removes the atmospheric influences that are added to the pure signal of target and to extract more accurate information. The atmospheric correction is often considered critical pre-processing step to achieve full spectral information from every pixel especially with hyperspectral and multispectral data. In this paper, multispectral atmospheric correction approaches that require no ancillary data are presented in spatial domain and transform domain. We propose atmospheric correction using linear regression model based on the wavelet transform and Fourier transform. They are tested on Landsat image consisting of 7 multispectral bands and their performance is evaluated using visual and statistical measures. The application of the atmospheric correction methods for vegetation analyses using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is also presented in this paper.
A novel algorithm for detection of tuberculosis bacilli in sputum smear fluor...IJECEIAES
This work proposes an algorithm aimed at recognizing and accounting Koch bacilli in digital images of microbiological sputum samples stained with auramine, in order to determine the degree of concentration and the state of the disease (tuberculosis). The algorithm was developed with the main objective of maximizing the sensitivity and specificity of the analysis of microbiological samples (recognition and counting of bacilli) according to each preparation method (direct and diluted pellets) in order to reduce the subjectivity of the visual inspection applied by the specialist at the time of analyzing the samples. The proposed algorithm consists of a background removal, an image improvement stage based on consecutive morphological closing operations, a segmentation stage of objects of interest based on thresholdization and a classification stage based on SVM. Each algorithmic stage was developed taking into account the method of preparation of the sample to be processed, being this aspect the main contribution of the proposed work, since it was possible to achieve very satisfactory results in terms of specificity and sensitivity. In this context, sensitivity levels of 91.24% and 93.79% were obtained. Specificity levels of 90.33% and 94.85% were also achieved for direct and diluted pellet methods respectively.
cell lineage , cell fate - diverse class of cell fate, cell fate in plant meristem, mammalian development cell fate, nutritional effects on epigenetics, epigenetics of plants,
control of cell fate.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISM -
types of genetic polymorphism,
reasons why issue of cultivated plants are not fully resolved,
and strategies and innovations to fulfill demand of population.
Kohlbergs moral development, Erik erikson's stages and Factors affecting grow...nishakataria10
Continuation with last upload
Kohlbergs moral development theory, its stages and criticism,
Erik erikson's stages of psychological development - conflicts during each stage,
Factors affecting growth and development.
B.Ed first year notes
CHILD DEVELOPMENT STAGES AND PIAGET'S THEORYnishakataria10
Concept, principles, stages of development,
Piagets theory of cognitive development, its stages and important terma about the theory
B.ed first year notes.
ROOT HAIR DEVELOPMENT IN PLANTS:
structure and development of root hairs, Initiation and molecular genetics of root hair, functions of root hairs.
complete topic from authentic websites. Essential for for all life science students.
Phytogeographical zones, farmers rights, intellectual property rights, Plant exploration, plant introduction and plant invasion, invasion species, deforestation and social forestry, Ramsar convention on wetlands, Role of botanical gardens, cryobanks, seed bank in biodiversity, cryopreservation, NBPGR, CBD, NBA, Ethnobotany,
Biodiversity- National and Global status, Hotspots of biodiversity Endangered and endemic species, Extinction, Significance, Causes, Levels of biodiversity, IUCN categories of threat, Red Data Book - advantages and disadvantages, local plants diversity of haryana, Biodiversity concepts, principles of conservation and strategies, major approaches to management, Protected areas network- wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves.
fungi: heterothallism, heterokaryosis, parasexuality,fungi sex hormones, Mycorrhizae, Types of mycorrhizae, Defence mechanism in plants- structural and biochemical.
Structure of bacteria, its characteristics, Reproduction, bacterial shapes, types of bacteria , Difference bw gram positive and gram negative bacteria, Economic importance of bacteria,Quiz questions.
Self identity, self esteem and its types, inner self, aspects of development of inner self and its strategies, personality ,self expression and its forms, social interaction and group influence.
useful for B.ed students (first year).
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. Cytophotometry/ Microdensitometry
The absorption of a chromophore in monochromatic light is proportional to the
quantity of the reacted substance, provided that the amount of chromophore taken up
is proportional to the amount of original substance present.
Quantitative cytophotometry depends on two laws of physics:
Lambert's law
Beer's law,
(Beer's law) = which state that the amount of monochromatic light absorbed by a
material is related to both its concentration
(Lambert's law) = its thickness or path length.
That is to say, microdensitometry (cytophotometry) is the measurement of the light
absorption of objects under a microscope and can be used to determine the
amounts of a histochemical staining reaction in individual nuclei to estimate the
cellular content of substances such as DNA
3.
4. Quantification of estimates of genome size (the C value) depends on having a reliable method to
determine that the amount of Feulgen stain bound to the chromatin of a nucleus is directly proportional
to the amount of DNA present.
Microdensitometry is concerned with the precise measurement of light-absorbing components in
microscopic preparations.
Measurement relies on the interaction between photons at specific wavelengths and the chromophores
(i.e., chemical substances such as the Feulgen-DNA dye complex that is contained within the nucleus of
a cell).
Loss of photon energy (absorption) or optical density (OD) results from the interaction of the insoluble
stain reaction product with incident light.
The transmittance (T) of the nonabsorbed incident light to a photosensing element in the system is used
to translate the difference between the intensity of incident light entering the object and that of the
light leaving the object.
In fact, it is only possible to measure the transmittance of an object.
5. The conversion of the transmission values (T) into
absorbance (A) is not direct but is expressed as A = log
(1/T).
This nonlinear transform is the basis of the relative
photometric error (RPE) as a function of specimen
transmittance in cytophotometry.
The magnitude of the error can be computed as shown in
Figure.
The percent error rises sharply as transmittance is
increased (= low-density
6. With this particular method, although two scans are necessary for each measurement, it is possible to work with
rapidity because a precise "0" density background setting is not required for scanning individual nuclei in a given
field.
This method has the additional advantage of enabling a stray light electronic compensation to be included at the
start of measuring, which will further assist in the reduction of electronic noise.
The major difficulty encountered may be the location of a clear background area as large as the mask used for
the specimen nucleus. Therefore, the method is most suitable for smears, squashes, or hemolymph droplets.
All values of density of background and object background are registered and shown as digital values on the
display panels of the instrument.
IOD values and the relative area of absorbing chromophore are stored in keyed files within the computer on disks
and can be rendered as hard copy via a suitable interface to a dot matrix or other type of printer (12,65,66).
Several major components used in the following procedure for actual measuring of individual nuclei.
Once again, it important to emphasize optic and specimen cleanliness, which, in cytophotometry, verges on
sanctity.
7.
8. STEPS
1. Turn the masking control knob to "Set" and carefully adjust the Kohler illuminator; place the
specimen slide on the stage of the viewing microscope.
2. Select the correct wavelength, bandwidth, and spot size and scanning frame.
3. With the mask and/or specimen-stage controls, place the object within a suitable size of mask
centered within the scan frame (reticle in left eyepiece). Then, move to a nearby clear (background)
area somewhat larger than the mask size.
4. With the spot manual controls, place the scanning spot in a clear background area within the
centered mask and focus carefully to get as sharp an image of the scanning spot as possible. Then,
use the fine focus of the microscope to bring the object plane of the specimen to coincide with that of
the scanning spot image.
5. Turn the masking control knob to "Scan."
9. 6. Set 0 on the density meter (with photomultiplier blocked) and set background density to
0.05 with the "set" zero control. Set the gating meter to the green line.
7. Switch scanner unit to "Automatic.“
8. Press "Integrate" button to scan. Record displays for density and area.
9. Turn the masking control knob to "Set.“
10. With specimen-stage controls, move the object from the mask and substitute a clear
background area.
10. 11. Turn the masking control knob to "Scan.“
12. Press "Integrate" button to scan. Record displays for density and area.
13. Subtract value obtained at step 12 from value obtained at step 8.
11. APPLICATIONS
Precision of the information concerning quantities of constituents is high.
Morphologic identification by a trained operator can be used advantageously to classify any
given cell interactively.
Carefully performed specimen-adapted cell preparation procedures in which each step is
strictly supervised, highly standardized staining methods, and internal controls are
prerequisites in order to obtain reliable cytochemical results.
In a number of human tumors with well-controlled cytopathologic and/or histopathologic and
clinical data, quantitative cytochemical analysis has been demonstrated to provide diagnostic
and prognostic information complementary to that obtained by conventional clinical and
morphologic methods.