nanotechnology in aerospace seminar report consists of 80 slides

1. Mr. N. Maha Vignesh,
Founder and Director,
Spacim (OPC) Pvt. Ltd.

2. ▪ Nanotechnology is the study of
manipulating matter on an atomic
scale.
▪ Nanotechnology refers to the
constructing and engineering of
the functional systems at nano
level or we can say at atomic
level.
▪ A Nanometer is one billionth of a
meter.

3. ▪ Ant – 5 mm
▪ Flea – 1 mm
▪ Eye of Fly – 400 micro m

4. ▪ Red Blood Cell – 8 micro m
▪ COVID 19 Virus – 50-140 nm
▪ DNA – 2 nm
▪ Nanoparticle – 1 -100 nm

5. HISTORY
▪ 2000 Years Ago - Sulfide nanocrystals used by Greeks and Romans to dye hair
▪ 1000 Years Ago (Middle Ages) - Gold nanoparticles of different sizes used to produce different
colors in stained glass windows of Medieval Church.
▪ 1959 - There is plenty of room at the bottom" by R. Feynman
▪ 1974 - "Nanotechnology” - Taniguchi uses the term nanotechnology for the first time
▪ 1981 - IBM develops Scanning Tunneling Microscope
▪ 1985 - “Buckyball” - Scientists at Rice University and University of Sussex discover Ceo
▪ 1986 - “Engines of Creation” - First book on nanotechnology byK. Eric Drexler. Atomic Force
Microscope invented by Binnig, Quate and Gerbe
▪ 1989 - IBM logo made with individual atoms
▪ 1991 - Carbon nanotube discovered by S. lijima1999 - "Nanomedicine" - 1st nanomedicine book
by R. Freitas
▪ 2000 – “National Nanotechnology Initiative" launched

7. As objects get smaller they
have a much greater surface
area to volume ratio

8. SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME
RATIO
▪ Cube Dimensions:
▪ L = 1
▪ B = 1
▪ H = 1
▪ Cuboid Dimensions:
▪ L = 2
▪ B = 1
▪ H = 0.5

13. ▪ Double Slit
Experiment
▪ It can exist as particle
and as wave at the
same time.

19. ▪ Contains all measurable parameters.
▪ Probability distribution in three dimensional space.
▪ It is continuous.
▪ Sinusoidal.
▪ Uncertainty.
▪ 𝜓 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠
2𝜋
𝜆
𝑥 − cot

20. TYPES OF NANOMATERIALS
▪ Zero dimensional
nanomaterial: all the
dimensions are measured
within the nanoscale (no
dimensions are larger
than 100 nm). Most
commonly, 0D
nanomaterials are
nanoparticles.
▪ One-dimensional
nanomaterial: one
dimension is outside
the nanoscale.This
class includes
nanotubes, nanorods,
and nanowires.
▪ Two-dimensional nanomaterial:
This type of material two
dimensions are outside the
nanoscale.This class
exhibits plate-like shapes
and includes graphene,
nanofilms, nanolayers, and
nanocoatings.
▪ Three-dimensional nanomaterial: That are not confined to the nanoscale in any
dimension.This class can contain bulk powders, dispersions of nanoparticles,
bundles of nanowires, and nanotubes as well as multi-nanolayers.

21. Nanomaterials
Carbon Based
Nanomaterials
Metal Based
Nanomaterials
Dendrimers Composites

22. Carbon
Fullerene
Carbon
Nanotube
SWCNT
MWCNT
Buckyball
Nano-
cone

23. 0 DIMENSIONAL

24. 1 DIMENSIONAL

25. 2 DIMENSIONAL

26. 3 DIMENSIONAL

27. QUANTUM
CONFINEMENT
▪ Restrictions of flow of electrons.
▪ Zero Dimensional – No flow of
electrons in all the three axis
▪ One Dimensional – Flow of electrons
restricted in two directions
▪ Two Dimensional – Flow of electrons
restricted in one direction
▪ Three Dimensional – No restrictions

29. Top Down Bottom Up
Advantages
Large Scale Ultra fine
Chemical purifications not required Controlled parameters
Narrow Size distribution
Cheaper Technique
Disadvantage
Varied particle shapes or geometry Large scale is difficult
Varied size distribution Chemical purification is required
Controlled parameters are difficult

30. Synthesis
Top Down
Approach
Ball Milling Etching Grinding
Bottom Up
Approach
Physical
Method
Evaporation Sputtering
Laser
Ablation
Chemical
Method
Evaporation
Self
Assembly
Sol-gel
Co-
precipitatio
n
Hydrotherm
al
Electrolytic
Deposition

44. Entity characterized Characterization techniques suitable
Size (structural properties) TEM, XRD, DLS, NTA, SAXS, HRTEM, SEM, AFM, EXAFS, FMR, DCS,
ICP-MS, UV-Vis, MALDI, NMR,TRPS, EPLS, magnetic susceptibility
Shape TEM, HRTEM, AFM, EPLS, FMR, 3D-tomography
Elemental-chemical composition XRD, XPS, ICP-MS, ICP-OES, SEM-EDX, NMR, MFM, LEIS
Crystal structure XRD, EXAFS, HRTEM, electron diffraction, STEM
Size distribution DCS, DLS, SAXS, NTA, ICP-MS, FMR, superparamagnetic relaxometry,
DTA,TRPS, SEM
Chemical state–oxidation state XAS, EELS, XPS, Mössbauer
Growth kinetics SAXS, NMR,TEM, cryo-TEM, liquid-TEM
Ligand binding/composition/density/arrangement/mass, surface
composition
XPS, FTIR, NMR, SIMS, FMR,TGA, SANS
Surface area, specific surface area BET, liquid NMR
Surface charge Zeta potential, EPM
Concentration ICP-MS, UV-Vis, RMM-MEMS, PTA, DCS,TRPS
Agglomeration state Zeta potential, DLS, DCS, UV-Vis, SEM, Cryo-TEM,TEM
Density DCS, RMM-MEMS
Single particle properties Sp-ICP-MS, MFM, HRTEM, liquid TEM
3D visualization 3D-tomography, AFM, SEM
Dispersion of NP in matrices/supports SEM, AFM,TEM
Structural defects HRTEM, EBSD
Detection of NPs TEM, SEM, STEM, EBSD, magnetic susceptibility
Optical properties UV-Vis-NIR, PL, EELS-STEM
Magnetic properties SQUID,VSM, Mössbauer, MFM, FMR, XMCD, magnetic susceptibility

45. Characterization
Techniques
Microscopy
SEM TEM STM AFM
Spectroscopy
Raman UV Vis FTIR PL XPS

50. Ψ𝐴 = Ψ𝐵 ∗ 𝑒−𝑘.𝑑

64. Fixed Plate

77. • Photolithography
• Nanoimprint Lithography
• E-Beam Lithography