Cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric parasite that is one of the most common causes of diarrhea worldwide. It is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often through contact with contaminated water. The oocyst stage of its life cycle is very resilient and can survive in water even after treatment. Infection occurs when an oocyst embeds itself in the gut epithelium. There is no cure for immunocompromised individuals who become infected.
LUMEN DWELLING FLAGELLATES - GIARDIA
REFS:
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY K. D. CHATTERJEE
TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY PANIKER
IMAGE SOURCES : FROM INTERNET
LUMEN DWELLING FLAGELLATES - GIARDIA
REFS:
INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY K. D. CHATTERJEE
TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY BY PANIKER
IMAGE SOURCES : FROM INTERNET
Hookworm is one of the most important small intestinal nematodes causing iron deficiency anemia. This PPT illustrates hookworms associated with human diseases, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hookworm infection.
coccidian parasite is a very important topic for pg entrance........so every important point about it have been discussed in detail......take a look at it...
Cryptococcosis also called as Torulosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It leads to compications such as fatal meningoencephalitis. It is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. The PPT discuss on the morphology of the fungus, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
A basic description of Leishmania spp. along with Old and New world Leishmaniasis regarding Parasite morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, Clinical manifestations, Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment.
Hookworm is one of the most important small intestinal nematodes causing iron deficiency anemia. This PPT illustrates hookworms associated with human diseases, life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hookworm infection.
coccidian parasite is a very important topic for pg entrance........so every important point about it have been discussed in detail......take a look at it...
Cryptococcosis also called as Torulosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It leads to compications such as fatal meningoencephalitis. It is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. The PPT discuss on the morphology of the fungus, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
A basic description of Leishmania spp. along with Old and New world Leishmaniasis regarding Parasite morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, Clinical manifestations, Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment.
Cryptosporidiosis in a young immunocompromised patientDr Shams Afridi
Cryptosporidium is a pathogen of significant public health issue especially in developing countries where water filtration and treatment is not up to the standards.
Blastocystis es un organismo polimórfico, que presenta cuatro formas más diferenciadas, la vacuolar, la ameboide, la granular y la quística, el parásito evolucionará de una a otra dependiendo de factores que aún no se pueden definir con claridad, ambientales, osmóticos, … Algunas de las formas presentan “surface coat” que podemos equiparar al glycolalix de polisacáridos, entre otras moléculas, que presentan la mayoría de las células del mundo animal. Así como una vacuola, cuya existencia y contenido nos sirve para diferenciar unas formas de otras, y que en alguno de las fases puede llegar a ocupar el 90% de la célula. Como dato bioquímico cabe destacar la presencia de “coated pits” en la membrana plasmática de Blastocystis, se trata de receptores de membrana situados en invaginaciones de la misma que parecen tener cierta importancia en el proceso de endocitosis, que servirá para capturar determinadas sustancias.
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Erad...Sarath
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Eradication.
Contains Videos in two slides. So try using Power Point 2010.
My email : doc.sarathrs@gmail.com
WATER BORNE DISEASES BY RAGHAV U V PPT.pptxRaghavGowda5
It mainly focused on the types of diseases spread through the water and what are their causitive agent, classifications impact on human health and many more
: Parasitic water pollution in the Nile River (Schistosoma & Giardia lamblia)MenrvaSorial
Causative organism.
Geographical distribution.
Epidemiology & Risk factors.
Mode of Transmission.
Vector (if available).
Habitat.
Life cycle (including infective stage, Diagnostic stage, Final host, Intermediate host and Reservoir).
-According to your lab group assignment topic, you must mention at least two examples (Causative organisms) for the required type of parasitic infection and their prevalence in Egypt. -Then discuss briefly the mentioned examples covering all the following points:
As a pharmacist, how could you identify and confirm a patient with such disease?
(NB: Identification and confirmation include the signs and symptoms and the diagnostic tests in details)
What are the therapeutic options available (suggest a line of treatment).
How can we prevent & control such disease?
Nematodes are invertebrate roundworms that inhabit marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They comprise the phylum Nematoda (or Nemata) which includes parasites of plants and of animals, including humans, as well as species that feed on bacteria, fungi, algae, and on other nematodes. Four out of every five multicellular animals on the planet are nematodes (Platt, 1994). Cobb (1914) calculated that if the nematodes resident in a single acre of soil near San Antonio, Texas, USA, were to proceed in head-to-tail procession to Washington D.C., some 2000 miles away, the first nematode would reach Washington before the rear of the procession left San Antonio!
Ghost Worms in the Sky
Lyrics: Kathy Merrifield
Vocals: Pointless Sisters
The majority of nematodes are microscopic, averaging less than a millimeter in length, but some of the animal parasites are quite large and readily visible to the naked eye. The animal and plant parasites are of direct importance in agriculture, the environment, and in human health; however, most nematodes in the environment are not parasites. Nematodes that feed on other organisms are important participants in the cycling of minerals and nutrients in the ecosystem that is fundamental to other biological activity. Some of these nematodes may have major roles in decomposition, including biodegradation of toxic compounds. In fact, the incidence of certain nematode species is sometimes used as an indicator of environmental quality. Insect-parasitic nematodes can be of importance in regulating insect populations, and are being used in the biological control of insect pests.
The developmental biology of one nematode species, Caenorhabditis elegans, is better characterized than that of any other multicellular organism. C. elegans is studied as a model system in molecular and developmental biology, and is providing insights into many other areas of biology and medicine.
Antibacterial Activity of Citrus Sinensis X against Pathogenic Bacteriasijtsrd
Citrus sinensis was tested for antibacterial activity against bacteria strains such as E.coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aureus. The extraction was done with water and ethanol. Agar disc diffusion was used to test antibacterial activity in vitro method. On Escherichia coli, the antibacterial action of aqueous extract demonstrated a zone of inhibition. On the other organisms, it showed little or no zones of infection, although being seven millimeters in diameter. Inhibition with a diameter of 0 3mm. little inhibitory zones were also visible in the ethanol extract. On test organisms with diagram ranging from 1 3mm the inhibitory concentration that must be met MIC . Using a two flow serial dilution method, no zones of contamination were found in the ethanol and aqueous extract. The finding of this of this investigation indicated that the extract have limited promise for treating disorder induced by the organisms. E. Kaviya | Ela. Sendhuram | J. Ishwarya "Antibacterial Activity of Citrus Sinensis X against Pathogenic Bacterias" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52149.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/52149/antibacterial-activity-of-citrus-sinensis-x-against-pathogenic-bacterias/e-kaviya
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
3. Prevalence
Found in most parts of the world
Most prevalent in Asia, Africa, Australia, South
America
Antibody prevalence in Peru and Venezuela – 64%
32% in Peace Corps workers
More prevalent in rural areas of U.S.
More animal contact
8. Oocyst
Double walled
Resistant to chlorine, drying, progressive freezing, salt
water
Only stage in life cycle that can live ex vivo
Imbeds itself in gut epithelium and releases
sporozoites
Reproduction continues sexually and asexually
10. Clinical Characteristics
Secretory diarrhea (some mucous, but no blood)
Slight fever, fatigue, myalgia
Oocysts may infect the lungs and trachea, resulting in
cough
Dehydration and extreme weight loss in
immunocompromised
11. Detection
Acid-fast stain of infected feces
Direct immunofluorescence antibody stain using
monoclonal antibody to oocyst wall
Modified acid-fast oocyst
stain
http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/d
12. Treatment
Nitazoxanide
Interferes with folate production
Prevents parasite replication
Immunocompetent
C. parvum will usually pass on its own
Immunocompromised
AIDS patients: treat with antiretrovirals and
strengthen immune system, no cure
Others: would not benefit from antiretrovirals; keep
hydrated
13. Prevention
Water filtration
Filters must be <1 um to filter oocyst
Swimming pools
Must be drained if infected fecal accident
Pasteurization
Hand washing
Particularly in daycares
C. Parvum (left) and Giardia
intestinalis (right)
14. Bottled Waters
“not all are created equal” Water so labeled has been processed by method effective against crypto
Reverse osmosis treated
Distilled
Micro-filtered
Filtered through an absolute 1 micron or smaller filter
"One micron absolute"
Water so labeled may not have been processed by method effective against crypto
Carbon-filtered
Filtered
Particle-filtered
Multimedia-filtered
Ozonated
Ozone-treated
Ultraviolet light-treated
Activated carbon-treated
Carbon dioxide-treated
Ion exchange-treated
Deionized
Purified
Chlorinated
http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/DPD/parasites/cryptos
poridiosis/factsht_crypto_prevent_water.htm
16. Summary
Cryptosporidiosis caused by cryptosporidium parvum
Transmitted via fecal-oral route
Oocyst stage in life cycle is resilient
Oocyst imbeds itself in gut epithelium
Infection usually occurs from tainted water, even if it
has been treated
No cure in immunocompromised
