This document provides an introduction to the Critical Path Method (CPM) project scheduling technique. It defines CPM and explains that it was developed in the 1950s to assist with scheduling complex projects. The document outlines the key steps in CPM, including constructing a network diagram of tasks, calculating early and late start/finish times, and identifying the critical path. An example is provided to demonstrate how to determine the critical path of a project using CPM. Benefits and limitations of the technique are also summarized.
Project Management Techniques ( CPM & PERT Techniques )
A revised PPT from other shared PPT available
Project management is a scientific way of planning, implementing, monitoring & controlling the various aspects of a project such as time, money, materials, manpower & other resources.
By,
Mr. AKARESH JOSE
Kerala Agricultural University
akareshjose@gmail.com
What is a Project and Project Management? This presentation helps you to gain more knowledge about how to manage a project and helps in understanding the Project Life Cycle.
Critical Path Method: Activities And Events, Float/SlacksPrasad Thanthratey
A presentation on Critical Path Method: Activities And Events, Float/Slacks course of Construction Management from students of 10th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (January- April 2018)
Project Evaluation and Review Technic and Critical Path Method are the effective methods to determining the estimated time for the completion of activities and tasks of a given project.Optimistic time, pessimistic time and most likely time using beta distribution ( bell shaped curve) of Research Methodology.
Network Techniques for Project ManagementIshan Gandhi
Undertaking a Project and Looking to manage the Time and Resources? This presentation provides a complete guide on how to manage the time and resources of a project.
Objectives of Network Analysis for Project Management:
1. To minimize idle resources.
2. To minimize the total project cost.
3. To trade-off between time and cost of the project.
4. To minimize production delays, interruptions and conflicts.
5. To minimize the total project duration.
Project Management Techniques ( CPM & PERT Techniques )
A revised PPT from other shared PPT available
Project management is a scientific way of planning, implementing, monitoring & controlling the various aspects of a project such as time, money, materials, manpower & other resources.
By,
Mr. AKARESH JOSE
Kerala Agricultural University
akareshjose@gmail.com
What is a Project and Project Management? This presentation helps you to gain more knowledge about how to manage a project and helps in understanding the Project Life Cycle.
Critical Path Method: Activities And Events, Float/SlacksPrasad Thanthratey
A presentation on Critical Path Method: Activities And Events, Float/Slacks course of Construction Management from students of 10th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (January- April 2018)
Project Evaluation and Review Technic and Critical Path Method are the effective methods to determining the estimated time for the completion of activities and tasks of a given project.Optimistic time, pessimistic time and most likely time using beta distribution ( bell shaped curve) of Research Methodology.
Network Techniques for Project ManagementIshan Gandhi
Undertaking a Project and Looking to manage the Time and Resources? This presentation provides a complete guide on how to manage the time and resources of a project.
Objectives of Network Analysis for Project Management:
1. To minimize idle resources.
2. To minimize the total project cost.
3. To trade-off between time and cost of the project.
4. To minimize production delays, interruptions and conflicts.
5. To minimize the total project duration.
Resource scheduling across multiple projects - Tips and techniquesRemi Roques
Managing resource supply and demand as always been a challenge in project management. This presentation reviews the challenges of resource scheduling and provide some tips and techniques around this subject.
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In project management, a critical path is the sequence of project network activities which add up to the longest overall duration, regardless if that longest duration has float or not. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project
By. Er.Nikhil Raj Kn, Senior Planning Engineer
Lesson in Feasibility Study- Critical Path method, Critical Path AnalysisHoly Angel University
This lesson in Feasibility Study deals with the Critical Path Method and its analysis for the college students to check on their steps in processes' most critical activities to be supervised most. It include computation in Earliest Finish Time and Earliest Start Time.
Network Diagrams: It is defined as “the identification of the project objectives and the ordered activity necessary to complete the project including the identification of resource types and quantities required.”
A project consists of interconnected activities that are to be executed in a certain order before the entire task is completed. The activities are interrelated in a logical sequence which is known as precedence relationship. The project is represented in the form of a network for analytical treatment to get a solution for scheduling and controlling activities.
In this project, To schedule the activities, we have applied the "CPM " and "PERT" method.
Critical Path Method (CPM) was developed in late 1950s and is used to identify task that are necessary for completion of project on time without delay.
Operations and Supply Chain ManagementMGMT 3306Lecture 02I.docxhopeaustin33688
Operations and Supply Chain Management
MGMT 3306
Lecture 02
Instructor: Dr. Yan Qin
Outline
Project Management
What is Project Management?
Three types of projects
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Project Management Techniques: PERT and CPM
Cost-Time Trade-Offs and Project Crashing
A Critique of PERT and CPM
2
Project Management
A project is a series of related jobs usually directed toward some major output and requiring a significant period of time to perform.
Project Management is the planning, scheduling, and controlling of resources to meet the technical, cost, and time constraints of the project.
3
Examples of Projects
Building Construction
Research Project
Three Phases of Project Management
The management of projects involves three phases:
Planning - goal setting, defining the project, team organization
Scheduling - relates people, money, and supplies to specific activities and activities to each other
Controlling - monitors resources, costs, quality, and budgets; revises plans and shifts resources to meet time and cost demands
Project Planning
Figure 3.1
BeforeStart of projectDuring
projectTimelineproject
Project Scheduling
Figure 3.1
BeforeStart of projectDuring
projectTimelineproject
Project Controlling
Figure 3.1
BeforeStart of projectDuring
projectTimelineproject
Project Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling
Figure 3.1
BeforeStart of projectDuring
projectTimelineproject
Project Organizations
There are three types of project based on the organizational structures used to tie the project to the parent firm:
Pure project: A self-contained team works full time on a project;
Functional project: A project housed within a functional division.
Matrix project: A project that uses people from different functional areas.
The project manager decides what tasks to complete and when;
The functional managers control which people and technologies to be used in the project.
10
Example of Matrix Project
MarketingOperationsEngineeringFinance
Project 1
Project 2
Project 3
Project 4
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): defines the hierarchy of project tasks, subtasks, and work packages
Program
Project 1
Project 2
Task 1.1
Subtask 1.1.1
Work Package 1.1.1.1
Level
1
2
3
4
Task 1.2
Subtask 1.1.2
Work Package 1.1.1.2
Task is a further subdivision of a project, usually shorter than several months.
Work package is a group of activities combined to be assignable to a single organizational unit, usually an individual.
12
Example: WBS – Large Optical Scanner Design
13
Purposes of Project Scheduling
Shows the relationship of each activity to others and to the whole project
Identifies the precedence relationships among activities
Encourages the setting of realistic time and cost estimates for each activity
Helps make better use of people, money, and material resources .
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Critical path method
1. Introduction to
CPM
Guided: Ruchita shah
Presented By:
Kajal Vasar(115371)
Khushi Makwana(115372)
Mahesh Parmar(114352)
Dushyant Nasit(114339)
2. Project Management
Managers have been planning, scheduling, monitoring,
and controlling large scale projects for hundred years, but
it has only been in the last 50 years that management
science techniques have been applied to major projects.
They are two types:
1. Critical Path Method(CPM)
2. Project Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)
3. Introduction- CPM
Defination:-
Critical path is a sequence of activity between a project’s start and
finish that takes the longest time to complete.
Critical path method is based on mathematical calculations and it is
used for scheduling project activities.
In 1950, Critical path method(CPM) was developed by Kelly and
Walker to assist in building and maintains of chemical plants.
The initial critical path method was used for managing plant
maintenance projects.
4. Critical path is the sequential activities from start to
the end of a project. Although many projects have only
one critical path, some projects may have more than
one critical paths depending on the flow logic used in
the project
The essential technique for using CPM is to construct a
model of the project that includes the following:
A list of all activities required to complete the
project (typically categorized within a work
breakdown structure
The time (duration) that each activity will take to
completion,
The dependencies between the activities
.
5. Terminologies used in CPM
In order to explain the purpose, structure and operation of CPM, it is helpful to
define the following terms:
Activity:An activity carries the arrow symbol.This represent a task or
subproject that uses time or resources
Event:- A node (an event), denoted by a circle , marks the start and
completion of an activity, which contain a number that helps to identify its
location. For example activity A can be drawn as:
Dummy Activity: An activity, which is used to maintain the pre-defined
precedence relationship only during the construction of the project network, is
called a dummy activity. Dummy activity is represented by a dotted arrow and
does not consume any time and resource
21
A
6. Parallel activity: There are two activity which being at same
event and end at same event.this activities are called parallel
activity.
Not allowed…..
Path: A path is a series of adjacent activities leading from one
event to another.
Critical path: A critical path is the sequence of critical activities
that forms a continuous path between the start of a project and
its completion.
1 2
7. Situations in network diagram
A
B
C
A must finish before either B or C
can start, it called burst event.
A
B
C both A and B must finish before C
can start, it called merge event.
Dangling events is not allow.
A
C
B
D
Dummy
A must finish before B can start
both A and C must finish before D
can start, it’s called dummy
activity.
A
B
C
8. Forward pass:
The Early Start and Early Finish Time
Calculated by moving Forward Through the
Network.
Consider Maximum.
9. Backward pass:
The Latest Start and Latest Finish Time
Calculated by moving Backward Through the
Network.
Consider Minimum
10. Float activity:
Float activity For an Activity is The Difference
between its Earliest and Latest Start Time or
Earliest and Latest Finish Time .
11. Steps in Critical Path Method
Step 1: Make a forward pass through the network as
follows: For each activity i beginning at the Start node,
compute:
Earliest Start Time (ES) = the maximum of the earliest finish times
of all activities immediately preceding activity i. (This is 0 for an
activity with no predecessors.). This is the earliest time an activity
can begin without violation of immediate predecessor requirements.
Earliest Finish Time (Ef) = (Earliest Start Time) + (Time to complete
activity i. This represent the earliest time at which an activity can
end.
The project completion time is the maximum of the
Earliest Finish Times at the Finish node.
12. Continue..........
Step 2: Make a backwards pass through the network as follows:
Move sequentially backwards from the Finish node to the Start
node. At a given node, j, consider all activities ending at node j.
For each of these activities, (i,j), compute:
Latest Finish Time (LF) = the minimum of the latest start
times beginning at node j. (For node N, this is the project
completion time.). This is the latest time an activity can end
without delaying the entire project.
Latest Start Time (LS) = (Latest Finish Time) - (Time to
complete activity (i,j)). This is the latest time an activity can
begin without delaying the entire project.
13. Continue..........
Step 3: Calculate the float time for each activity
by:
float = (Latest Start) - (Earliest Start),
or
= (Latest Finish)-(EarliesFinish).
A critical path is a path of activities, from the
Start node to the Finish node, with 0 float times.
14. Example
1. Construct the CPM Network using the details below and
determine the critical path
Activity Immediate Completion
predecessors Time (week)
A - 2
B A 3
C A 3
D C 4
E D 8
F B,E 6
G F 2
Total …… 28
18. Critical Path:-
Cp = 1 - 2 – 3 - 4 – 5 – 6 – 7
= A – C -D - E - F - G
= 2 + 3 + 4 + 8 + 6 + 2
= 25
19. Benefits of CPM
Useful at many stages of project management
Mathematically simple
Give critical path and float time
Provide project documentation
Useful in monitoring costs
Visual representation
20. Limitations to CPM
Specified precedence relationship
Activity time estimates are subjective and
depend on judgment
Can be more difficult understand ten grant
charts
The time needed for tasks is not as clear as with
grant charts