A project consists of interconnected activities that are to be executed in a certain order before the entire task is completed. The activities are interrelated in a logical sequence which is known as precedence relationship. The project is represented in the form of a network for analytical treatment to get a solution for scheduling and controlling activities.
In this project, To schedule the activities, we have applied the "CPM " and "PERT" method.
ASSIGNMENT III
B Tech 8th Semester
Submit it on or before 20th April 2020
01. Construct a network for each of the activities and their precedence relationships are given below:
A project is an interrelated set of activities that has definite starting and ending points and that result in a unique product
or service
• Cuts across organizational lines - they need varied skills of different profession
• Uncertainties like new technology & external environment can change the character of the project
• Personnel, materials, facilities etc. are temporarily assembled to accomplish a goal within a specified time frame and then disbanded
• Upon finish, a project releases lot of resources which were engaged in execution of the project
ASSIGNMENT III
B Tech 8th Semester
Submit it on or before 20th April 2020
01. Construct a network for each of the activities and their precedence relationships are given below:
A project is an interrelated set of activities that has definite starting and ending points and that result in a unique product
or service
• Cuts across organizational lines - they need varied skills of different profession
• Uncertainties like new technology & external environment can change the character of the project
• Personnel, materials, facilities etc. are temporarily assembled to accomplish a goal within a specified time frame and then disbanded
• Upon finish, a project releases lot of resources which were engaged in execution of the project
Introduction 1
Network is a technique used for planning and scheduling of large projects in the fields of construction, maintenance, fabrication, purchasing, computer system instantiation, research and development planning etc. There is multitude of operations research situations that can be modeled and solved as network. Some recent surveys reports that as much as 70% of the real-world mathematical programming problems can be represented by network related models. Network analysis is known by many names _PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique), CPM (Critical Path Method), PEP (Programme Evaluation Procedure), LCES (Least Cost Estimating and Scheduling), SCANS (Scheduling and Control by Automated Network System), etc
This chapter will present three of algorithms.
1. PERT & CPM
2. Shortest- route algorithms
3. Maximum-flow algorithms
Critical Path Method Presentation provides a basic concept about what is critical path and how it is calculated. Term 'critical path' is used not only in Business but also in engineering, mathematics and project management.
Project Evaluation and Review Technic and Critical Path Method are the effective methods to determining the estimated time for the completion of activities and tasks of a given project.Optimistic time, pessimistic time and most likely time using beta distribution ( bell shaped curve) of Research Methodology.
Network Diagrams: It is defined as “the identification of the project objectives and the ordered activity necessary to complete the project including the identification of resource types and quantities required.”
Introduction 1
Network is a technique used for planning and scheduling of large projects in the fields of construction, maintenance, fabrication, purchasing, computer system instantiation, research and development planning etc. There is multitude of operations research situations that can be modeled and solved as network. Some recent surveys reports that as much as 70% of the real-world mathematical programming problems can be represented by network related models. Network analysis is known by many names _PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review Technique), CPM (Critical Path Method), PEP (Programme Evaluation Procedure), LCES (Least Cost Estimating and Scheduling), SCANS (Scheduling and Control by Automated Network System), etc
This chapter will present three of algorithms.
1. PERT & CPM
2. Shortest- route algorithms
3. Maximum-flow algorithms
Critical Path Method Presentation provides a basic concept about what is critical path and how it is calculated. Term 'critical path' is used not only in Business but also in engineering, mathematics and project management.
Project Evaluation and Review Technic and Critical Path Method are the effective methods to determining the estimated time for the completion of activities and tasks of a given project.Optimistic time, pessimistic time and most likely time using beta distribution ( bell shaped curve) of Research Methodology.
Network Diagrams: It is defined as “the identification of the project objectives and the ordered activity necessary to complete the project including the identification of resource types and quantities required.”
project management-cpm and pert methods for managersNaganna Chetty
A project is a one shot, time limited, goal directed, major undertaking, requiring the commitment of varied skills & resources.
A project:
Has a unique purpose.
Is temporary.
Is developed using progressive elaboration.
Requires resources, often from various areas.
Should have a primary customer or sponsor.
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
Involves uncertainty.
Project managers work with project sponsors, project teams, and other people involved in projects to meet project goals.
Program: “A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.”
Program managers oversee programs and often act as bosses for project managers.
Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.”
Yagmur Bostanci47 Hackensack Street, East Rutherford, NJ929-22.docxjeffevans62972
Yagmur Bostanci
47 Hackensack Street, East Rutherford, NJ
929-229-8834
[email protected]
EDUCATON
BERKELEY COLLEGE
YORK, UNITED STATES
· Bachelor of Business Management
· Cumulative GPA 3.00
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Lincoln House Outreach
303 W 66th St, New York, NY
Nurse
July 2014 – September 2014
· Responsible for the old women in Lincoln House Outreach
· Managing all the payments and organizing listing
· Balancing firm objectives and old women satisfaction
CANDLEWYCK DINNER
East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States
Waitress
· Food delivery
· Fulfill costumer’s wants
· Accounting (Cash, Credit Card, and tax for prices of the food)
TECHNICAL SKILLS
· Phone Settings
· Microsoft Office (Excel, Word, Power point)
· Adobe Photoshop
Overview
1) Overview – The continued discussion of project implementation by covering various scheduling techniques.
2) Background – Per the text, “A schedule is the conversion of a project action plan into an operating timetable.” A schedule is important because each project is unique in its own way. The basic process is to identify all tasks and sequential relationships between them, that is, which tasks must precede or succeed others. There are a number of benefits to the creation and use of these networks. Some of them are as follows:
a) It is a consistent framework for planning, scheduling, and controlling the project.
b) It can be used to determine a start and end date for every project task.
c) It identifies so-called critical activities that, if delayed will delay the project completion.
3) Network Techniques: PERT (ADM) and CPM (PDM) – PERT and CPM are the most commonly used approaches to project scheduling. Both were introduced in the 1950s. PERT has been primarily associated with R&D projects, while CPM with construction projects. Today PERT is not used much since project management software generates CPM style networks. The primary difference between them is that PERT uses probabilistic techniques to determine task durations, while CPM relies on a single duration estimate for each task. Both techniques identify the critical path (tasks that cannot be delayed without delaying the project) and associated float or slack in the schedule. In 2005 the Project Management Institute (PMI) deemed it necessary to change the names of these techniques. According to PMI, PERT is called ADM/PERT (Arrow Diagram Method) and CPM is PDM/CPM (Precedence Diagramming Method).
a) Terminology – Following are the key terms associated with the development and use of networks:
i) Activity – A specific task or set of tasks that have a start and end, and consume resources.
ii) Event – The result of completing one or more activities. Events don’t use resources.
iii) Network – The arrangement of all activities and events in their logical sequence represented by arcs and nodes.
iv) Path – The series of connected activities between any two events in a network.
v) Critical – Activities, events or paths which, if delayed, w.
Senior Project and Engineering Leader Jim Smith.pdfJim Smith
I am a Project and Engineering Leader with extensive experience as a Business Operations Leader, Technical Project Manager, Engineering Manager and Operations Experience for Domestic and International companies such as Electrolux, Carrier, and Deutz. I have developed new products using Stage Gate development/MS Project/JIRA, for the pro-duction of Medical Equipment, Large Commercial Refrigeration Systems, Appliances, HVAC, and Diesel engines.
My experience includes:
Managed customized engineered refrigeration system projects with high voltage power panels from quote to ship, coordinating actions between electrical engineering, mechanical design and application engineering, purchasing, production, test, quality assurance and field installation. Managed projects $25k to $1M per project; 4-8 per month. (Hussmann refrigeration)
Successfully developed the $15-20M yearly corporate capital strategy for manufacturing, with the Executive Team and key stakeholders. Created project scope and specifications, business case, ROI, managed project plans with key personnel for nine consumer product manufacturing and distribution sites; to support the company’s strategic sales plan.
Over 15 years of experience managing and developing cost improvement projects with key Stakeholders, site Manufacturing Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Maintenance, and facility support personnel to optimize pro-duction operations, safety, EHS, and new product development. (BioLab, Deutz, Caire)
Experience working as a Technical Manager developing new products with chemical engineers and packaging engineers to enhance and reduce the cost of retail products. I have led the activities of multiple engineering groups with diverse backgrounds.
Great experience managing the product development of products which utilize complex electrical controls, high voltage power panels, product testing, and commissioning.
Created project scope, business case, ROI for multiple capital projects to support electrotechnical assembly and CPG goods. Identified project cost, risk, success criteria, and performed equipment qualifications. (Carrier, Electrolux, Biolab, Price, Hussmann)
Created detailed projects plans using MS Project, Gant charts in excel, and updated new product development in Jira for stakeholders and project team members including critical path.
Great knowledge of ISO9001, NFPA, OSHA regulations.
User level knowledge of MRP/SAP, MS Project, Powerpoint, Visio, Mastercontrol, JIRA, Power BI and Tableau.
I appreciate your consideration, and look forward to discussing this role with you, and how I can lead your company’s growth and profitability. I can be contacted via LinkedIn via phone or E Mail.
Jim Smith
678-993-7195
jimsmith30024@gmail.com
The case study discusses the potential of drone delivery and the challenges that need to be addressed before it becomes widespread.
Key takeaways:
Drone delivery is in its early stages: Amazon's trial in the UK demonstrates the potential for faster deliveries, but it's still limited by regulations and technology.
Regulations are a major hurdle: Safety concerns around drone collisions with airplanes and people have led to restrictions on flight height and location.
Other challenges exist: Who will use drone delivery the most? Is it cost-effective compared to traditional delivery trucks?
Discussion questions:
Managerial challenges: Integrating drones requires planning for new infrastructure, training staff, and navigating regulations. There are also marketing and recruitment considerations specific to this technology.
External forces vary by country: Regulations, consumer acceptance, and infrastructure all differ between countries.
Demographics matter: Younger generations might be more receptive to drone delivery, while older populations might have concerns.
Stakeholders for Amazon: Customers, regulators, aviation authorities, and competitors are all stakeholders. Regulators likely hold the greatest influence as they determine the feasibility of drone delivery.
Integrity in leadership builds trust by ensuring consistency between words an...Ram V Chary
Integrity in leadership builds trust by ensuring consistency between words and actions, making leaders reliable and credible. It also ensures ethical decision-making, which fosters a positive organizational culture and promotes long-term success. #RamVChary
Org Design is a core skill to be mastered by management for any successful org change.
Org Topologies™ in its essence is a two-dimensional space with 16 distinctive boxes - atomic organizational archetypes. That space helps you to plot your current operating model by positioning individuals, departments, and teams on the map. This will give a profound understanding of the performance of your value-creating organizational ecosystem.
Enriching engagement with ethical review processesstrikingabalance
New ethics review processes at the University of Bath. Presented at the 8th World Conference on Research Integrity by Filipa Vance, Head of Research Governance and Compliance at the University of Bath. June 2024, Athens
Comparing Stability and Sustainability in Agile SystemsRob Healy
Copy of the presentation given at XP2024 based on a research paper.
In this paper we explain wat overwork is and the physical and mental health risks associated with it.
We then explore how overwork relates to system stability and inventory.
Finally there is a call to action for Team Leads / Scrum Masters / Managers to measure and monitor excess work for individual teams.
Employment PracticesRegulation and Multinational CorporationsRoopaTemkar
Employment PracticesRegulation and Multinational Corporations
Strategic decision making within MNCs constrained or determined by the implementation of laws and codes of practice and by pressure from political actors. Managers in MNCs have to make choices that are shaped by gvmt. intervention and the local economy.
Specific ServPoints should be tailored for restaurants in all food service segments. Your ServPoints should be the centerpiece of brand delivery training (guest service) and align with your brand position and marketing initiatives, especially in high-labor-cost conditions.
408-784-7371
Foodservice Consulting + Design
Public Speaking Tips to Help You Be A Strong Leader.pdfPinta Partners
In the realm of effective leadership, a multitude of skills come into play, but one stands out as both crucial and challenging: public speaking.
Public speaking transcends mere eloquence; it serves as the medium through which leaders articulate their vision, inspire action, and foster engagement. For leaders, refining public speaking skills is essential, elevating their ability to influence, persuade, and lead with resolute conviction. Here are some key tips to consider: https://joellandau.com/the-public-speaking-tips-to-help-you-be-a-stronger-leader/
A presentation on mastering key management concepts across projects, products, programs, and portfolios. Whether you're an aspiring manager or looking to enhance your skills, this session will provide you with the knowledge and tools to succeed in various management roles. Learn about the distinct lifecycles, methodologies, and essential skillsets needed to thrive in today's dynamic business environment.
2. A project consists of interconnected activities which are to be executed in
a certain order before the entire task is completed.
The activities are interrelated in a logical sequence which is known as
precedence relationship.
Project is represented in the form of a network for the purpose of analytical
treatment to get solution for scheduling and controlling activities.
Techniques
CPM : Critical Path Method
PERT : Project Evolution and Review Technique
Phases Of Project Management
1. PLANNING:
Dividing the project into distinct activities.
Estimating time requirement for each activities.
Establishing precedence relationship among the activities.
Construction of the error diagram (network).
2. SCHEDULING:
Determines the start and end time of each and every activities.
3. CONTROLLING:
Uses the arrow diagram and time chart for continuous monitoring and
progress reporting.
Guidelines For Network Construction-
1. The starting event and ending event of an activity are called tail event
and head event respectively.
2. The network should have a unique starting node (tail event).
3. The network should have a unique computation (head event).
4. No activities should be represented by more than one arc in the
network.
5. No two activities should have the same starting node and same ending
node.
6. Dummy activity is an imaginary activity indicating precedence
relationship only, duration of a dummy activity is zero.
3. The critical path of a project network is the longest path of the network.
TWO RULES :
1. Determines earliest start times (ES) of all nodes this is called
forword pass.
2. Determines latest completion times (LC) of various nodes. This is called
backword pass.
ESj = Maxj (ESi + Dij) LCi = Minj (LCj - Dij)
Conditions Of Critical Path:
ESi = LCi (i for root event)
ESj = LCj (j for next event)
ESj - ESj = LCj - LCi = Dij
Total Floats:
It is the amount of time that the completion time of an activity can be delayed
without affecting the project completion time.
TFIJ = LCJ - ESI - DIJ
Free Float:
It is the amount of time that the activity completion time can be delayed
without affecting the earliest start time of immediate successor activities in
the network.
FFij = ESj - ESi - Dij
Any critical activity will have zero total float and zero free float, based on this
property we can determine critical activity.
We follow the two techniques to construct network
4. 1. CRITICAL PATH METHOD
Critical path is the sequential activities from start to the end of a project.
Although many projects have only one critical path, some projects may have
more than one critical path depending on the flow logic used in the project.
GOAL OF CPM
Construct the CPM network.
Determine the critical path and project computation time.
Compute total floats and free floats for non-critical activities.
2. PROJECT EVOLUTION AND REVIEW
TECHNIQUE (PERT)
Each activity will have three time estimates:
Optimistic time
Most likely time
Pessimistic time
GOAL OF PERT
a) Construction the project network
b) Find the expected duration and variation of each activity
c) Find the critical path and expected project completion time
d) What is the probability of completing the project on or before
22 weeks?
5. In the interest of better serving the public in India, Dr.Vikas Gupta has
decided to build a hospital in a small village which is currently lacking good
medical facilities with the help of staff Dr. Gupta has identified 11 major
activities. He also specified the immediate predecessors for each activity.
Activit
y Description
Immediate
Predecessor Duration(InWeeks)
A Select administrative and medical stuff -- 7
B Select site and do site survey -- 2
C Select Equipment A 5
D
Prepare final construction plans and
B 4
layout
E Bring utilities to the sites B 6
Interview applicants and fill positions in
F nursing support stuff, maintenance and A 11
security
G Purchase and take delivery of equipment C 12
H Construct the hospital D 16
I Develop the information system A 10
J Install the equipment E,G,H 4
K Train the nurses and support stuff F,I,J 8
6. On the basis of AON the activity graph is
Source code in C for calculating Critical Path Method
(Click on the above link to view the source code)
Input of the program:
ACTIVITY(i,j) DURATION(Dij)
A 1-2 7
B 1-4 2
C 2-3 5
D 4-5 4
E 4-6 6
F 2-8 11
G 3-6 12
H 5-6 16
I 2-7 10
J 6-8 4
K 8-9 8
7. Output of the program:
CRITICAL PATH : A>>C>>G>>J>>K
TOTAL DURATION : 7+5+12+4+8=36(weeks)
8. PERT stands for Program Evaluation Review Technique, a methodology
developed by the U.S. Navy in the 1950s to manage the Polaris submarine
missile program. A similar methodology. A PERT chart presents a graphic
illustration of a project as a network diagram consisting of
numbered nodes (either circles or rectangles) representing events, or
milestones in the project linked by labelled vectors (directional lines)
representing tasks in the project. The direction of the arrows on the
lines indicates the sequence of tasks.
Let us consider this below example :
ACTIVITY PREDECESSORS
TIME
O M P
A --- 5 7 8
B --- 1 3 4
C A 3 5 7
D B 2 4 5
E B 4 6 8
F A 8 11 13
G C 8 12 14
H D 12 16 17
I A 7 10 11
J E,G,H 1 4 5
K F,I,J 5 8 9
9. Formulas:-
Mean:-
Te=(To+4Tm+Tp)/6
Variance:-[(Tp-To)/6]2
ACTIVITY TIME MEAN DURATION VARIANCE
O M P
A 5 7 8 6.8 0.25
B 1 3 4 2.8 0.25
C 3 5 7 5 0.44
D 2 4 5 3.8 0.25
E 4 6 8 6 0.44
F 8 11 13 10.8 0.69
G 8 12 14 11.67 1
H 12 16 17 15.5 0.69
I 7 10 11 9.67 0.44
J 1 4 3 3.67 0.44
K 5 8 9 7.67 0.44
The result of Pert Method is 1>>2>>3>>6>>8>>9
CRITICAL PATH:-A->C->G->J->K
TOTAL DURATION : 7+5+12+4+8=36(weeks)(expected completion time)
10. Activity Mean Duration Variance
A 9.8 1.25
C 7 1.44
G 11.67 1
J 3.67 1.44
K 9.67 7.67
41.81 12.8
ᶮ=squareroot(12.8)=3.609weeks
P(x≤50)=p[(x-µ)/ᶮ≤(50-41.81)/3.609]
P[z≤2.26]=0.9447
This valueis obtained from std. normal distribution table Therefore the probability
of computing project on or before 50 weeks is 0.9447 i.e 94.47%
11. REFERENCES
[1] Applied Software Project Management by By Andrew Stellman, Jennifer Greene
[2] Software Project Management In Practice By Pankaj Jalote
[3] Introduction To Software Project Management By Adolfo Villafiorita