1. This document provides guidelines for updating school improvement plans and building capacity on disaster risk management at the school level.
2. It outlines the process for conducting an annual school workshop to collaboratively update the school improvement plan, including identifying issues, problems and solutions.
3. The workshop brings together teachers, management committee members, experts and other stakeholders to foster cooperation and jointly address challenges through problem identification and resolution.
बृहत्तर विद्यालय सुरक्षा सन्दर्भ सामग्रीः
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
विद्यालय साना बालबालिकाका लागि दोस्रो घर हो । यद्यपि, जबसम्म बालबालिकाले भयरहित वातावरणमा शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्न पाउने आफ्नो अधिकारको उपभोग गर्न पाउँदैनन् तबसम्म विद्यालयले दोस्रो घरको भूमिका निर्वाह गर्न सक्दैन । प्राकृतिक कारणबाट हुने प्रकोपद्वारा उत्पन्न विपद् होस् वा मानवीय कारणबाट हुने घटनाबाट, विपद्को सर्वाधिक जोखिममा बालबालिका नै रहेका हुन्छन् । अझ अल्पविकसित मुलुकहरूमा सुरक्षित विद्यालय तथा गुणस्तरीय शिक्षालाई सुनिश्चित गर्ने कार्य नै चुनौतीपूर्ण रहेको छ । यस समस्याबाट नेपाल पनि अलग रहेको छैन । यही दृष्किोणका आधारमा विद्यालय सुरक्षित र न्यूनतम सुविधायुक्त हुनुपर्ने यथार्थलाई दृष्टिगत गरी बृहत्तर विद्यालय सुरक्षा ढाँचाको विश्वव्यापी अवधारणाअनुरुप यो सन्दर्भ सामग्री तयार गरिएको छ ।
थप .....
बृहत्तर विद्यालय सुरक्षा सन्दर्भ सामग्रीः
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
विद्यालय साना बालबालिकाका लागि दोस्रो घर हो । यद्यपि, जबसम्म बालबालिकाले भयरहित वातावरणमा शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्न पाउने आफ्नो अधिकारको उपभोग गर्न पाउँदैनन् तबसम्म विद्यालयले दोस्रो घरको भूमिका निर्वाह गर्न सक्दैन । प्राकृतिक कारणबाट हुने प्रकोपद्वारा उत्पन्न विपद् होस् वा मानवीय कारणबाट हुने घटनाबाट, विपद्को सर्वाधिक जोखिममा बालबालिका नै रहेका हुन्छन् । अझ अल्पविकसित मुलुकहरूमा सुरक्षित विद्यालय तथा गुणस्तरीय शिक्षालाई सुनिश्चित गर्ने कार्य नै चुनौतीपूर्ण रहेको छ । यस समस्याबाट नेपाल पनि अलग रहेको छैन । यही दृष्किोणका आधारमा विद्यालय सुरक्षित र न्यूनतम सुविधायुक्त हुनुपर्ने यथार्थलाई दृष्टिगत गरी बृहत्तर विद्यालय सुरक्षा ढाँचाको विश्वव्यापी अवधारणाअनुरुप यो सन्दर्भ सामग्री तयार गरिएको छ ।
थप .....
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 110th issue, published on August, 2018.
आर्थिक–सामाजिक अधिकारप्रति प्रतिवद्धताः न्यायमा महिलाको पहु“चको सुनिश्चितता विषयक नवौं राष्ट्रिय परामर्श गोष्ठी
मेरो शरीर ः मेरो अधिकार कार्यशाला
द्रुत न्याय प्रणाली र न्यायमा महिलाको पहुँच
संक्रमणकालीन न्यायः महिलाको दृष्टिकोणबाट
गर्भपतनसम्बन्धी बढ्दो निन्दा ः महिलाको स्वास्थ्य र हितका लागि चुनौती]
सामाजिक लेखा परीक्षण
चौथो महिला सामाजिक मञ्च
दहेज तथा महिला हिंसा न्युनीकरणका लागि हाम्रो भूमिका
वैदेशिक रोजगारलाई सुरक्षित बनाउन सरोकारवालाहरूको भूमिका
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 80th issue, published on February, 2016.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 109th issue, published on July, 2018.
This report on policy mapping study on Safe Schools policy practices analyses the Safe School perspective in South Asia and safe schools programme in Nepal since last few decades and suggest the gaps and needs towards fulfilling the comprehensive school safety framework.
नेपाल सरकार, शिक्षा मन्त्रालयद्वारा बनाई लागू गरिएको विद्यालय क्षेत्र विकास कार्यक्रम (२०७३-२०८०) को अन्तिम मस्यौदाको अंग्रेजी भर्सन यहाँ अपलोड गरिएकोछ।
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 110th issue, published on August, 2018.
आर्थिक–सामाजिक अधिकारप्रति प्रतिवद्धताः न्यायमा महिलाको पहु“चको सुनिश्चितता विषयक नवौं राष्ट्रिय परामर्श गोष्ठी
मेरो शरीर ः मेरो अधिकार कार्यशाला
द्रुत न्याय प्रणाली र न्यायमा महिलाको पहुँच
संक्रमणकालीन न्यायः महिलाको दृष्टिकोणबाट
गर्भपतनसम्बन्धी बढ्दो निन्दा ः महिलाको स्वास्थ्य र हितका लागि चुनौती]
सामाजिक लेखा परीक्षण
चौथो महिला सामाजिक मञ्च
दहेज तथा महिला हिंसा न्युनीकरणका लागि हाम्रो भूमिका
वैदेशिक रोजगारलाई सुरक्षित बनाउन सरोकारवालाहरूको भूमिका
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 80th issue, published on February, 2016.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 109th issue, published on July, 2018.
This report on policy mapping study on Safe Schools policy practices analyses the Safe School perspective in South Asia and safe schools programme in Nepal since last few decades and suggest the gaps and needs towards fulfilling the comprehensive school safety framework.
नेपाल सरकार, शिक्षा मन्त्रालयद्वारा बनाई लागू गरिएको विद्यालय क्षेत्र विकास कार्यक्रम (२०७३-२०८०) को अन्तिम मस्यौदाको अंग्रेजी भर्सन यहाँ अपलोड गरिएकोछ।
Posters describing the idea of ecological sanitation and the research work being done in this regard at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru (Bangalore) and supported by Arghyam (www.arghyam.org), UNICEF and Stockholm Environment Institute
ILO/UNESCO Recommendations on teachers laxman sharma
UNESCO has recommendations on the teaches or the teaching professions half a century ago. Still teachers are struggling for the rights on the professional. These slides in Nepali language for the seminar purposes.
School attendence is a prerequite for a student in universial secondary educa...Komakech Robert Agwot
The study explored the effects of students’ absenteeism on student academic and school performance in Uganda. The study also assessed the effectiveness of class attendance monitoring tool; the challenges faced by the school administration in dealing with absentee student(s); and established the relationship between students’ absenteeism and academic performance of students. The relevant literature was reviewed to anchor the methodology and the findings. The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional survey design. A combination of stratified and purposive sampling was applied to accommodate the variety of respondents from Serere, Soroti, Kumi and Ngora districts in Teso sub-region; North Eastern Uganda. The study used questionnaires and interview schedules to collect primary data from 349 respondents who participated in the study out of the expected 384 obtained from a target population of 100,000 giving a response rate of 90.89%. The findings shows that the monitoring tools used for students’ attendance are effective (good) and there is a very positive relationship between student attendance and academic performance. The researcher also found that school attendance affects both the students and the school performance. To the students; it leads to poor academic performance, students drop out, graduating half-baked students, poor curriculum coverage and loss of interest in learning whist to the school; it affects the school image, lower the students’ enrollment, transfer of students by parents, wastage of teachers’ and administrators’ time and affects the university/tertiary enrolment. However, the school administration faces challenges of; interruption of lessons, students being hostile/belligerent to teachers, and parents defending their children whilst dealing with absenteeism students. The study also provides the practical and most effective strategies to improve students’ attendance. These staregies include; promoting Zero Tolerance to Students Absenteeism, parental involvement and participation, developing students’ mentoring programmes, improving “rich” student’s programmes, promoting guidance and counseling, promote good communication, reward students with regular attendance, and need to monitor and supervise school attendance. The researcher concludes that, to support students academically in and out of school; administrators, teachers, and families need to have a shared understanding of their children’s learning and work as partners to meet their academic and social-emotional needs.
Keywords: School Attendance, Academic Performance, Excused and Unexcused Absenteeism, Universal Secondary Education
Background - It is the movement of highly skilled and qualified people towards a country where they can work in better conditions and earn more money. It is also termed as “human capital flight” because it resembles the case of capital flight.
Objectives – The objective of the study is to analyze the causes and effects of brain drain of Nepalese students.
Methodology – Due to the specific nature of the research objectives, descriptive cum analytical research design has been used.
Findings – Brain drain is a serious problem in Nepal. It creates both a positive effect and a negative effect directly or indirectly in the economic development of the country.
प्रभावकारी शिक्षण सिकाइका लागि बालमैत्री विद्यालय एउटा महत्वपूर्ण सर्त हो । विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री विद्यालयको रूपमा विकास गर्नका लागि आवश्यक स्रोत साधनको अतिरिक्त शिक्षक, अभिभावकहरूको भूमिकाकासाथै स्वयं बालबालिकाको पनि उल्लेख्य भूमिका हुने गर्दछ । यस सन्र्दभमा बालबालिकाको के कस्ता भूमिका हुन्छन् । त्यसलाई बालबालिकालाई कसरी भूमिका निभाएका खण्डमा विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री विद्यालयको रूपमा विकास गर्न सकिन्छ ? यदि विद्यालयको शिक्षण सिकाइ प्रक्रियालाई प्रभावकारी बनाउनका लागि बालबालिकाले सकारात्मक भूमिका खेले मात्र विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री बनाउने योजना पूरा हुन सक्छ । विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री बनाउनका लागि सरकारबाट गुणस्तरीय शिक्षाका लागि बालमैत्री विद्यालय राष्ट्रिय प्रारूप पनि तयार गरिसकेको छ । यसको व्यवहारिक कार्यान्वयनका लागि यसबारेमा बालबालिकाहरूलाई पनि सहजीकरण गर्नु पर्ने उत्तिकै आवश्यकता छ । यही आवश्यकतालाई पूरा गर्ने उद्देश्यले सिविसले यो निर्देशिका तयार गरेको हो ।
यस निर्देशिका भित्र नेपाल सरकारद्वारा तयार भएको गुणस्तरीय शिक्षाका लागि बालमैत्री विद्यालय राष्ट्रिय प्रारूपमा उल्लेखित सूचकहरूलाई विषयवस्तुको रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यस निर्देशिकामा ती विषयवस्तुहरूलाई क्रियाकलापमुखी बनाएको छ । क्रियाकलापमुखी भएका कारण यसले विषयवस्तुहरूको ज्ञान, धारणा र सीप विकास गर्न सहभागीहरूलाई सक्रिय बनाउने छ । यसमा उल्लेखित विषयवस्तुहरू र त्यसका क्रियाकलापहरूलाई स्पष्ट बुझाइ र सीप विकास गर्न लक्षित समूहका सहजकर्ताहरूलाई अभ्यस्त गर्ने अवसर र वातावरण आवश्यक हुन्छ । प्रशस्त अभ्यास र वातावरणले मात्र अपेक्षित सन्देश तथा व्यवहारहरू लक्षित समूहमा प्रतिविम्बित हुन सक्छन् ।
Women rights in constitution of Nepal (Nepali)WOREC Nepal
नेपालकाे संविधानमा महिला अधिकार
संविधान नेपालको मूल कानुन हो । संविधानले देशको राज्य तथा शासन सञ्चालन प्रकृया सुनिश्चित गर्दछ । संविधानको आधारमा देशमा अन्य सम्पूर्ण कानून, नीति, नियमहरु बन्दछन् । यसकै आधारमा कार्यपालिका, व्यवस्थापिका तथा न्यायपालिका गठन हुन्छ । सरकारका विभिन्न अङ्गहरुबीच काम कर्तव्य तथा शक्तिको विभाजनका साथै तीनीहरुबीचको सु–सम्बन्ध समेत सुनिश्चित गर्दछ । संविधानले नागरिकको मौलिक अधिकारको व्यवस्था गर्नका साथै ती अधिकारहरुको संरक्षणको व्यवस्था समेत गरेको हुन्छ । संविधानसँग बाझिने अन्य कानुन बाझिएको हदसम्म अमान्य हुन्छन् । नेपालको संविधान २०७२ नेपालको विद्यमान संविधान हो । यो संविधान जनाताका प्रतिनिधिले पारित गरेको पहिलो र नेपालको साताँै संविधान हो । यस संविधानमा ३५ भाग, ३०८ वटा धारा, ९ वटा अनुसूचिहरु रहेका छन् ।
राज्य सञ्चालन तथा अन्य क्षेत्रमा महिलाहरुको अधिकार सुनिश्चित गर्ने क्रममा देशमा विद्यमान वर्गीय, जातीय, क्षेत्रीय, भाषिक, धार्मिक, लैङ्गिक विभेद अन्त्य गरी आर्थिक समानता, समृद्धि र सामाजिक न्याय सुनिश्चित गर्न समानुुपातिक समावेशी र सहभागितामूलक सिद्धान्तका आधारमा समतामूलक समाजको निर्माण गर्ने संकल्पका साथ नेपालको संविधान (२०७२ साल असोज ३ गते) जारी भएको छ ।
राष्ट्रहित, लोकतन्त्र र राजनीतिक, आर्थिक र सामाजिक रुपान्तरणका लागि नेपाली महिलाहरुले पटक–पटक प्रत्यक्ष र अप्रत्यक्ष रुपमा गर्दै आएका ऐतिहासिक आन्दोलन, संघर्ष र योगदानलाई कदर गर्दै महिलाहरुको विशेष आवश्यकतालाई गम्भीर्यताका साथ आत्मसाथ गरी विशेष अधिकारको व्यवस्था सहित अस्तित्वमा आएको यो संविधानले परिवर्तनका मुद्दाहरु संस्थागत गराउन महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नेछ । संविधान राम्रो बनाउनु मात्र सबैथोक होइन, यसको कार्यान्वयनमा नै संविधानको सफलता निर्भर रहन्छ । तसर्थ संविधानलाई व्यवहारमा उतार्नु अपरिहार्य हुन्छ । जसले गर्दा महिलाको अधिकार सुनिश्चित हुन सकोस् र उनीहरुले आफ्नो अधिकार उपभोग गर्न पाउने वातावरण तयार होस् । यसका निम्ति नेपालको संविधान २०७२ ले महिलालाई प्रदान गरेको अधिकारका बारेमा सबै महिलाहरुले जान्नु तथा बुझ्नु जरुरी छ भन्ने मान्यतालाई मनन गरी यो जानकारी पत्र तयार गरिएको छ ।
Dr.Govinda KC का समर्थक हरु लाइ म यति भन्न चाहन्छु एक पटक राम्ररी चिकित्सा शिक्षा बिधेयक पढियोस...के स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र भनेको केवल डाक्टरहरु मात्र हुन ?? डा.के.सी अरु माँगहरु प्रति म पनि समर्थनमा गर्दाछु र धेरै पहिले देखी गर्दै आएको पनि छु तर चिकित्सा बिधेयक भनेर डाक्टरहरुलाइ मात्र ल्याउन लागिएकोमा बिरोध हो। स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र भनेको केवल डाक्टरहरु मात्र हुन ?? नाम स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रको बेथिति र माफियातन्त्रको गर्ने अनि अरु क्षेत्रलाइ बेवास्ता गरेर अपहेलित गर्ने ??बाँदरले त आफ्नो धर नी बनाउदैन र अरुको नि बन्न दिदैन तर अरुको धर भत्काएर आफ्नै मात्र धर बनाउने लाइ के भन्ने ?? चिकित्सा बिधेयक भनेको स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा लागु गरिने नियम मात्र होइन, त्यो नियम भित्र कस्ले कसरी आफ्नो भुमिका निर्वाह गर्ने भनि शक्ति बाँडफाँड पनि हो,अनि के सम्पुर्ण system balance नगरी एउटा क्षेत्रले आफुलाइ मात्र सोचेर कुन प्रजातान्त्रिक अभ्यास गरिएको ?? अरु क्षेत्रको आफ्नो प्रजातान्त्रिक अधिकार पनि नदेखेर हुन्छ ?
#Jay_Pharmacy
#IamWithPharmacy
Fdi and economic prosperity paper 16 sept. 2014STPF
Paper presented by Samriddhi Foundation's researcher Mr. Pramod Rijal on FDI in “Citizen’s Initiatives for Future Nepal IV” was collectively organized by Collective Campaign for Peace (COCAP) and Samriddhi Foundation
त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय शिक्षा परिषद मानविकी संकाय अन्र्तगत द्वितिय वर्ष वि.ए समाज शास्त्रको ३० पुर्णाङ्कको परिपूर्ती यो अध्ययन तयार पारिएको हो। यस अध्ययनको लागि देवचुली नगरपालिका वडा नं १० को विकास निर्माण कार्यमा महिलाहरुको भूमिका सम्बन्धी यो प्रतिवेदन तयार पारेकी छु ।
प्रस्तुत “विकास निर्माण कार्यमा महिलाहरुको सहभागिताको अध्ययन” प्रतिवेदन तयार पार्नको निम्ति आवश्यक सल्लाह सुझावहरु दिएर सहयोग गर्नुहुने हाम्रा आदरणिय शिक्षक श्रीमान् करुण लम्साल ज्यू, श्रीमान् उद्यराज सिग्देल ज्यू प्रति आभारी छु । साथै यस कार्यका लागि आफ्ना व्यस्त समयको बाबजुद तथ्याङ्क संकलन तथा टिपणीको सिलसिलामा सोधिएका प्रश्नहरुको उत्तर दिएर सहयोग पु¥याउनुहुने देवचुली नगरपालिका वडा नं १० नवलपुरका प्रत्यक्ष घर परिवारलाई हार्दिक आभार व्यक्त गर्दछु ।
अन्त्यमा यस लेख्नलाई प्रिन्ट तथा सम्पादन गरि सहयोग गरिदिनु हुने भट्टराई कम्युनिकेसन प्रो.राम प्रसाद भट्टराई ज्यूलाई कृतज्ञाता प्रकट गर्दछु ।
DRR CCA Learning Centre Guideline approved by GONDPNet
This document in Nepali explain the procedure to operationalize DRR CCA Learning center at the local government level wards (Gram Palika and Nagar Palika).
Nepal Disaster Report 2013 is an account of Disaster Risk management in Nepal. It reviews the occurrence of different disaster incidents, efforts on mitigation and preparedness and participation and inclusion of people in DRR initiative in Nepal.
NEPAL DISASTER REPORT 2011 Policies, Practices and Lessons tries to become a compendium of understanding, concepts, experiences and lessons of disaster risk management (DRM) and emergency response planning and capacity building in Nepal. It tries to reflect the current status of DRM in Nepal
The Climate Smart Disaster Risk Management approach was developed by the
Strengthening Climate Resilience (SCR) programme, a DFID funded programme
implemented by the Institute of Development Studies (UK), Christian Aid and Plan
International. Through a period of two years (2010-2011), SCR worked extensively
with policy makers and practitioners to develop the Climate Smart Disaster Risk
Management (CSDRM) approach. The approach seeks to address the gap in
effectively incorporating climate change into disaster risk management (DRM) work,
to ensure development work is both climate smart and disaster proof. The CSDRM
approach was developed iteratively with over 1,000 policy makers, practitioners,
scientists and academics from ten at risk countries in Asia and Africa1.
For more information visit www.csdrm.org
AAN NDRC Banganga Climate Change Impact Study report _final_dec2k7DPNet
This is a study commissioned by ActionAid Nepal and carried out by NDRC Nepal. The study speak about community impact by Climate Change and Adaptation priorities by community.
This is a study commissioned by ActionAid Nepal and carried out by NDRC Nepal. The study speak about community impact by Climate Change and Adaptation priorities by community.
Drr and cca learnings from banganga river basin kapilvastu ndrc nepalDPNet
LEARNING TO LEAD:
Building Resilience to Disaster and
Climate Change Impacts on Women and Children Project - An Experience from Banganga River Basin, Kapilvastu, Nepal
Learning to lead:
An Experience of “Building Resilience to Disaster and Climate Change Impact on Women and Children Project,”
Banganga River Basin in Kapilvastu District, Nepal
National Disaster
Risk Reduction Centre Nepal
(NDRC Nepal) was established
in 2003 and registered in 2007
by a group people who recognised
that there was a need for contributing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) by knowledge management.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.