बालअघिकार सचेतना पुस्तिका

1. afnclwsf/ ;r]tgf k'l:tsf
k|sfzs M ;dfh ;]jf / dfgjclwsf/df dlxnf / afnaflnsf - l;lj;_
k|sfzg ;xof]u M

2. afn clwsf/

3. afnaflnsf s;nfO{ elgG5 <
ljZjJofkL dfGotf cg';f/ !* aif{ eGbf sd pd]/sf JolQm g} afnaflnsf x'g . xfd|f] b]zsf] sfg'gn] eg] !^
jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf] AolQmnfO{ afnaflnsf eg]sf] 5 .
afn clwsf/ eg]sf] s] xf] <
afnaflnsfx?sf] zf/Ll/s, af}l4s, ;fdflhs tyf g}lts ljsf;sf nflu rflxg] Go'gtd cfjZostfx? h:t} kf]lifnf]
vfgf, cf}ifwL pkrf/, dfofF :g]x, ;+/If0f, lzIff cflb g} afnclwsf/ xf] . cyf{t afnaflnsfx?sf] cfwf/e"t
cfjZostfx? g} afn clwsf/ xf] . afn clwsf/nfO{ cem ;lhnf] ;+u a'emg o;nfO{ rf/j6f ljleGg clwsf/sf]
?kdf x]g{ ;lsG5 . tL x'g M
k|To]s afnaflnsfsf] aFfRg kfpg] clwsf/ 5 M ;a} afnaflnsfx?sf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ 5 . s'g} klg sf/0fn]
afnaflnsfx?sf] d[To' x'gaf6 /f]Sg' xfdL ;a}sf] st{Ao xf] . o; cGtu{t afnaflnsfx? :j:y / ;'/lIft hGdgsf
nflu ue{jtL cfdfsf] ;'/Iff / :ofxf/, hGd]kl5 /f]ux?;u n8gsf nflu vf]k tyf cfjZoQmf k/]sf] ;dodf plrt
cf}ifwL pkrf/ kfpg] clwsf/x? kb{5g .
k|To]s afnaflnsfsf] ljsf; ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ 5 M s'g} klg e]befjlagf g} afnaflnsfx?n] cfkmgf] zf/Ll/s,
dfgl;s, ;fdflhs, efjgfTds tyf g}lts ljsf; ug]{ cj;/x? kfpg'kb{5 . o;sf nflu ;a} afnaflnsfx?n]
lzIff kfpg], cfkm"n] hfg]sf] / ?rL /fVg] v]ns'bdf Ifdtf cg';f/ ;xefuL x'g kfpg], dgf]/~hg ug{ kfpg],;Lk
l;Sg kfpg'kb{5 . o;}nfO afnaflnsfsf] ljsf; ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ elgG5 .
k|To]s afnaflnsf sf] ;+/If0f kfpg] clwsf/ 5 M afnaflnsfx? zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s lx;fan] x's{b} u/]sf]
cj:yfsf JolQmx? ePsfn] pgLx?nfO{ xfd|f] ;dfh 3/ tyf ljZjdf y'k|} vt/fx? cfOkg{ ;S5g . tL ];a} vt/f
hGo kl/l:ytLaf6 pgLx?nfO{ ;'/lIft ug'{kb{5 . o; cGtu{t pd]/ gk'u]sf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ >ddf nfUg af6
hf]ufpg], a]ralvg, of}g b'Jo{axf/, of}g zf]if0f, lx+;f, n8fO{ emu8f, ul/aL, k|fs[lts k|sf]k / o;af6 pTkGg ePsf
ckm7of/fx? ,s'nt, b'Jo{;g cflbaf6 pgLx?n] ;'/Iff kfpg'kg]{ clwsf/ kb{5g . o;/L pgLx?nfO{ ljleGg
hf]lvdx?af6 ;+/If0f ug{ ;/sf/n] sfg"g agfP/ nfu' ug'{kg]{ s'/f klg o;} cGtu{t kb{5 .
k|To]s afnaflnsf sf] ;xeflutfsf] clwsf/ 5 M afnaflnsfx?n] cfkmgf] hLjgdf c;/ kfg]{ ljifo / ultljlwx?df
/ To; ;DalGw lglt lg0f{ox? ubf{ cfk'm ;xefuL x'g / cfkmgf] ljrf/ /fVg kfpg'kb{5 . o;}nfO{ afnaflnsfsf]
;xeflutfsf] clwsf/ elgG5 . afnaflnsfx?n] cfkmgf] 3/, 6f]n ;dfh, ljBfno, ;+:yf, ;d"x, /fi6« / cGt/f{li6«o
txdf klg afnaflnsfsf laifodf x'g] 5nkmn, s'/fsfgL tyf lgod sfg'g / sfo{qmdx? agfpFbf cfkmgf] ljrf/

4. 7Ls tl/sfn] 7Ls 7fpFdf /fVg kfpg] clwsf/ g} o; clwsf/ leq kb{5 . o; cGtu{t afnaflnsfx?n] ;'rgf
kfpg] / k|bfg ug]{ tyf cfkmgf] ;Fu7g / ;d"x agfP/ afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / nfu" ug]{ sfd klg ug{ ;S5g .
xfdL ;j}n] a'emg} kg]{ s'/f ;j} clwsf/ ;a}sf nflu ;dfg 5g
xfdL ;j} n] a'emg' kg]{ s'/f afnclwsf/sf d"'ne"'t l;4fGtx? klg 5g . lt l;4fGtx? sf] cfwf/df g}
afnclwsf/df sfo{ ug]{ ;+:yf JolQm tyf sfo{stf{x? n] sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 . afnclwsf/sf lgDg l;4fGtx? 5g M
e]bEffj /xLt M ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ aLgf e]befj, aLgf kIfkft ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/x? pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 . s'g}
klg afnaflnsfnfO{ lghsf] jf p:sf afa'cfdf, cleefjssf] hflt, /+u, ln+u, efiff, wd{, /fhg}lts jf cGo
ljrf/x?, /fli6«o hftLo jf ;fdflhs pTklt, ;DklQ, czQmtf, hGd jf cGo x}l;otsf] cfwf/df e]befj gu/L
;dfg ?kdf ;Ddfg ug'{kb{5 . -wf/f – @_
Affnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt M
Affnaflnsfx?sf lglDt ul/g] k|To]s sfo{x?df afnaflnsfx?sf] ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ Wofg lbg' kb{5 .
;fj{hlgs tyf sNof0fsf/L ;+:yfx?, cbfnt, k|zf;lgs lgsfo, ljwflosf nufot ;a}n] afnaflnsf;+u ;DalGwt
sfds'/f ubf{ afnaflnsfsf] ;af]{Qd lxtnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 . -wf/f– #_
bL3{ hLjg / ljsf; M afFRg kfpg' afnaflnsfsf] hGd l;4 clwsf/ xf] . afnaflnsfsf] bL3{ hLjg / ljsf;sf
lglDt /fHon] oyf;Dej a9L eGbf a9L k|of; ug'{ kb{5 . -wf/f – ^_
Affnaflnsfsf] ljrf/ / efjgfsf] sb/ M Affnaflnsfx?;+u ;DalGwt ljifodf pgLx?n] cfkmgf] ljrf/ JoQm ug{
kfpg' k5{ . afnaflnsfsf ljrf/ / efjgfsf] sb/ ub}{ pgLx?sf] pd]/ / kl/kSjtf cg';f/ plrt dfGotf klg
lbOg'kb{5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ klg ;dfhsf] Ps cleGg c+u dfgL ;xefuL u/fOg' kb{5 . -wf/f – !@_
afnaflnsfsf clwsf/ s;n] ;'/lIft kfg'{ k5{ <
afnclwsf/sf] l;4fGtcg';f/ afnaflnsf eg]sf clwsf/sf wf/sx? x'g eg] jo:sx? afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0fstf{
x'g . To;sf/0f klg afnaflnsf] clwsf/ ;'/lIft ug]{ tyf k'/f ug]{ s'/fsf] lhDd]jf/L ao:sx?sf] xf] . cem ;lhnf]
;+u eGg' kbf{ afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f ug]{ / afnclwsf/sf] nfu" ug]{ dflg;x? eg]sf a'af cfdf,
cleefjsx?, ;dfh, ljBfno / ljBfnosf lzIfs, k|zf;s, :yfgLo lgsfox? - h:t} j8f sfo{fno,k|x/Lsfof{no _
x'g .
afnclwsf/;+aGwL cGt/fli6«o P]g lgod tyf sfg"gx?
 afnclwsf/ ;+jGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6|;+3Lo dxf;lGw !(*(
 z;:q 4JGbdf afnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtf /f]Sg] P]lR5s k|n]v @)))

5.  afnaflnsf sf] a]rlavg , cZnLn lrq0f tyf of}gzf]if0f ;+jGwL P]lR5s k|n]v @))
 /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw g+= !#* ;g !(&#
 lgs[i6 cj:yfsf] afn>d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw g+= !*@ – h'g !, ;g !(((
 afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg lgoGq0f ug]{ ;fs{ cle;lGw@))@
afnclwsf/ ;+jGwL /fli6«o P]g, lgod tyf sfg"gx?
 afnaflnsf;DaGwL P]g, @)$*
 afnaflnsfsf] lxt /Iff ug{ ag]sf] lgodfjnL ,@)%@
 afn>d lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{ P]g ,@)%^
 afn>d lgif]w / lgoldt ug]{ lgodfjnL ,@)^!
 afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g lgb]{lzsf ,@)^&
 afnaflnsf ;+aGwL /fli6«o gLlt ,@)^*
dfly pNn]lvt ;j} /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o sfg'g tyf lgodx? n] afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{gdf hf]8
lbPsf] 5 eg] afnclwsf/ ;+/If0fdf ao:ssf] lhDd]jf/L / afnaflnsfsf] st{Ao klg hf]8LPsf] x'G5 .
afnclwsf/df jo:ssf] lhDd]jf/L bfloTj / afnaflnsfsf] st{Jo
xf], afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu jo:sx?n] lhDd]jf/L lng' kb{5 . jo:sx?n]
afnclwsf/sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ pQ/bfloTjsf] af]w ug}{ kb{5 . afnaflnsf cfdfsf] ue{df cfPb]lv
:jf:y hGdg kfpg], hlGd;s]kl5 kf]if0fo'Qm vfgf Vjfpg], ;/;kmfOdf a:g kfpg] cflb clwsf/
pkef]u ug{sf nflu cfjZos Joj:yfkg / jftfj/0f tof/ kfg]{ lhDd]jf/L jf bfloTj jo:sx?sf] xf]
. t/ ha afnaflnsf x's{b} hfG5g o;qmddf lj:tf/} pgLx?n] cfkmgf clwsf/sf] pkef]usf nflu
st{Jox? Kf"/f ug{ kg]{ s'/fsf af/]df ;r]t u/fpg] To; ;+u ;DalGwt 1fg tyf ;Lkx? l;sfpg]
lhDd]jf/L jo:sx?n] k"/f ug'{ kb{5 . dfgf} # dlxgfsf] lzz' kmf]xf]/L eof] eg] p;sf] ;kmf;'U3/ /xg
kfpg] clwsf/ pkef]u ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ bfloTj cfdfafa'sf] x'g hfG5 . lsgsL pm cfkm} of]
sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . t/ ha pm x's{b} hfG5 . *÷( jif{sf] ePkl5 ;kmf;'U3/ x'gsf nflu g'xfOw'jfO
ug'{ kb{5 eGg] 1fg tyf l;k l;sfpg] lhDd]jf/L jo:sx?s} x'G5 . 1fg tyf ;Lk l;sfpg] lhDd]jf/L
jo:sn] k"/f u/]kl5 ;kmf ;'U3/ eP/ a:g] st{Jo afnaflnsfsf] x'G5 . g'xfpgsf nflu kfgL,
;fa'gnufotsf ;fdu|Lx?sf] aGbf]a:t ldnfpg] lhDd]jf/L jo:ssf] x'G5 .
afnaflnsfsf] st{Jo

6. s'g} JolQmsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{nfO{ st{Jo elgG5 . clwsf/ k|flKtsf
nflu :jo+ JolQmn] s]xL st{Jo k"/f ug{' kb{5 . clwsf/ / st{Jo Pp6f l;Ssfsf b'O{ j6f kf6fx? x'g
. afnaflnsf eljiosf s0f{wf/dfq xf]Ogg jt{dfgsf ;fem]bf/x? klg x'g . pgLx? o; ;dfhsf
;lqmo ;b:o x'g . To;}n] pgLx?nfO{ clwsf/sf] ;fy ;fy} st{Josf af/] klg hfgsf/L u/fp“b} nu]sf]
v08df afnaflnsfsf] ;fdflhsL/0fsf] k|lqmofdf ;sf/fTds ;xof]u k'Ub5 .
!= cfkmgf] clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu k"/f ug'{ kg]{ st{Jo
pd]/, lzIff Ifdtfsf cfwf/df d cfkm"n] s] s] st{Jo kfngf ug'{k5{ eg]/ 5nkmn u/]/ klxrfg u/L st{Jo k"/f ug]{
. cfÎgf] k9fO k"/f ug{ s] s] ug'{ kb{5 eg]/ yfx kfpg] . h:t} M 7Ls ;dodf ljBfno hfg], lzIf0f l;sfOdf
;xefuL x'g], sIffsfo{ / u[xsfo{ ug]{, ghfg]sf] s'/f lzIfsnfO{ ;f]Wg], cg'zf;gsf] kfngf ug]{, o;}u/L :jf:Yo
;DaGwL clwsf/ kfpgsf nflu cfk"mn] k"/f ug'{kg]{ st{Jox? s] s] x'g klxrfg ug]{ h:t} M ;/;kmfO{ lgoldt ug]{,
;dodf vfg], /f]u nfu]df ;dodf pkrf/ ug]{, cfÎgf] ;'/Iffdf Wofg lbg], /ftla/ft glx8g], vt/f x'g] 7fp“df
ghfg], s'nt 5 eg] 5f8g], v/fa ;fyLsf] ;+ut 5f8g] .
@= cfkmgf] kl/jf/ k|ltsf] st{Jo
cfdfa'af / dfGohgsf] cfb/ ug]{, 3/sf] sfddf cfkm}n] ;Sbf] / EofP;Dd ;xof]u ug]{, 3/sf] ;/;kmfO, ;fdfgsf]
;+/If0f, efOalxgLsf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f ug]{, efO alxgLnfO{ d2t ug]{, Jojxfl/s s'/f l;sfpg], 3/df em}emu8f gug]{,
plrt lg0f{o lng ;Nnfx lng], cfÎgf] sf/0faf6 kl/jf/df s'g} sl7gfO kf] ePsf] 5 ls eg]/ dgg ug]{, 3/sf]
km"naf/L, af]6la?jf, v]ltkftL ufOj:t' 5g eg] Vofn ug]{ .
#= ;fyL / cGo afnaflnsfk|ltsf] st{Jo
cfkmgf ;fyLx? / cGo afnaflnsf;“u e]befjo'Qm Jojxf/ gug]{, cfk"mn] hfg]sf s'/f l;sfpg], ;xof]uL aGg,]
;fyLx?;“u em}emu8f gug]{, glh:Sofpg], ckzAb gaf]Ng], ckfËtf ePsfnfO{ lzIffdf, afnSnadf ;dfj]z ug]{,
afnljjfx, afn of}g b'Jo{jxf/ tyf cGo k|sf/sf] b'Jo{jxf/, afnaflnsfdfly lbOg] oftgf cflbsf] af/]df cfjfh
p7fpg], s'ntsf af/]df 5nkmn rnfpg], afnSna jf ;d"xdf ;xefuL x'g] . s;}n] ljBfno 5f8]df vf]hL ug]{ /
laBfno hfg pTk|]/0ff ug]{ , ;fdflhs ;befjsf Aojxf/ ug]{ .
$= ljBfnodf afnaflnsfsf] st{Jo
ljBfnosf] cWoog cWofkgdf ;xefuL x'g], ljBfnosf ;DklQ, ;fwg ;|f]t, h:t} vfg]kfgL, 6]ans';L{, z}lIfs
;fdu|Lsf] ;'/Iff ug]{, v]ns'bsf ;fdu|L, lj1fg k|of]uzfnfsf k|of]ufTds ;fdu|Lsf] x]/rfx ug]{ . ljBfnosf]
cg'zf;gnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s kfngf ug]{, ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsf tyf ;fyLnfO{ k9gsf nflu ef}lts ;'ljwf
h'6fpgsf nflu cfjfh p7fpg], ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ ;hu agfpg], sIffsf] k9fO k|efjsf/L gePdf
k|wfgfWofks, lzIfs, lzlIfsfnfO{ va/ ug]{, Pp6f ;fyLn] csf]{nfO{ ;tfpg] u/]df To;sf af/]df 5nkmn ug]{, afn
;+/If0f ug]{, afnaflnsfdfly s'g} lsl;dsf] b'Jo{jxf/ eP cfjfh p7fpg] . eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf k9g] jftfj/0f
agfpg ;a} hgf ldn]/ sfd ug]{ .

7. %= ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ / cfkmgf] jftfj/0fk|ltsf] st{Jo
ljBfno, v]n d}bfg, ;8s, ;8saQL, k'n, s'nf]s'n];f, vfg]kfgLnufot ;d'bfodf k|of]u x'g] ;fj{hlgs ;|f]tsf]
;+/If0f ug]{, xfgL gk'¥ofpg], af6f] ufp“3/ ;/;kmfO sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g], :j:o, ;'/lIft / x/fe/f jftfj/0fsf]
nflu cfjZos j[If/f]k0fnufotsf lqmofsnfkdf ;xefuL x'g], afnaflnssf] clwsf/sf] lgldQ l5d]sL, ;d'bfo,
/fi6«n] s] ul//x]sf 5g < cGo 7fp“sf afnaflnsfn] s] s;/L cfkmgf] ljsf; ul//x]sf 5g hfgsf/L lng] ;f]sf
nflu k':tsfno, ;|f]t s]Gb| cflbsf] :yfkgfsf nflu k|of; ug]{ .
afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ k|d'v bfloTj jf lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/sf] xf] . /fHon] ljBfno, c:ktfn, vfg]kfgL, 9n
Joj:yf, v]nd}bfg / ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yf ug]{ bfloTj ;/sf/n] k"/f ul/lbPg eg] afnaflnsf tyf ltgsf
cleefjsn] cfÎgf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ ;Sb}gg . t;y{ afnaflnsfn] cfÎgf] cleefjsnfO{ ;d]t hfu?s agfP/
:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;dIf cfÎgf clwsf/ k"/f ug]{ jftfj/0f ldnfpg bafad"ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 . o;sf
nflu gful/s ;dfhsf] d2t lng' kb{5 .
afn;+/If0f

8. afn;+/If0f eg]sf] s]xf] xf] <
Affnaflnsf;DaGwL ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g / cjwf/0ff cg';f/ afn;+/If0f eGgfn] s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{
lghdfly x'g;Sg] zf/Ll/s oftgf tyf dfgl;s kL8f, >dzf]if0f, ckx]ngf, of}gzf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/ jf ;a}vfn]
lx+;faf6 hf]ufpg' xf] eGg] s'/f a'emg' kb{5 . afnaflnsf kl/jf/ jf cleefjssf] ;+/If0fdf /x] jf g/x]sf] cj:yf,
hf];'s} klg o;vfn] zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/ / pk]Iffaf6 kLl8t x'g ;Sb5g . oBlk kl/jf/ljxLg tyf cK7of/f]
kl/l:yltdf af“Rg afWo afnaflnsfx? o;vfn] s'/faf6 a];L jf ;lhn};“u k|efljt x'g ;Sb5g .

9. afn;+/If0fsf] cy{ xf],
 afnaflnsfnfO{ x]nf, b'Jo{jxf/ / pk]Iffaf6 ;+/If0f
 afnaflnsfnfO{ >dzf]if0f jf zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s oftgfaf6 ;+/If0f
 afnaflnsfnfO{ ;z:q ;+3if{ jf ;a} lsl;dsf lx+;faf6 ;+/If0f
 afnaflnsfnfO{ of}gzf]if0f / b'Jo{jxf/af6 ;+/If0f
g]kfndf afn;+/If0fsf d'Vo ;jfn tyf ;d:ofx?
afnaflnsfx? ljZje/ g} ljleGg lsl;dsf hfl]vdtfx?df afFr]sf 5g eg] nfvf}+ afnaflnsfx? clxn]klg ljleGg
lsl;dsf lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/, zf]if0f, eo, Pj+ e]befjsf] lzsf/ eO/x]sf 5g . g]kfndf klg afnaflnsfx? w]/}
lsl;dsf vt/f tyf ;+/If0fsf] cefjaf6 hlGdPsf ;d:ofx?af6 k|efljt Pj+ kLl8t 5g . g]kfndf afnaflnsfsf]
;+/If0f b]lvPsf d'Vo ;d:ofsf If]qx? lgDg 5g M
e]befj M e]befj g]kfndf afnaflnsfx?n] ef]Ug'kl//x]sf] Ps k|d'v ;+/If0fsf] ;d:of xf] . 5f]/f / 5f]/Ldf ul/g]
e]befj, ckf+utf ePsf afnaflnsfx?lj?2 ul/g] e]befj, hftLotf tyf ;Dk|bfosf cfwf/df ul/g] e]befj,
Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+qmldt afnaflnsflj?4 ul/g] e]befj OToflb .,
afn >d zf]if0f M !$jif{ eGbf sd pd]/sf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ cfly{s jf cGo s'g} kmfObf jf cj;/sf nflu
>ddf ;+nUg u/fpg' / !% b]lv !* aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf afnaflnsfnfO{ z}lIfs tyf cGo cj;/x?df c;/ k'Ug] u/L
/ sfg'gn] tf]lslbpsf] eGbf a9L ;do / a9L sfd nufpg' afn >d zf]if0f xf] . /fli6«o afn >d ;j]{If0f, @))*
sf cg';f/ g]kfndf sl/a !* nfv afnaflnsfx? >ddf ;+nUg 5g . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ttsfn pGd'ng ug'{kg]{ *
j6f ljleGg >d If]qx?nfO{ lgs[i6 afn >dsf] If]qdf /x]sf] 5,tL x'g M 3/]n' afn>d, vfgL tyf O6f e66fdf sfd
ug]{ afnaflnsf, afn el/of, ;8s afnaflnsf, sfk]{6 sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ afnaflnsf, lu6L s'6g] k]zfdf ;+nUg
afnaflnsf, afn aFw'jf dhb'/ tyf a]rlavgdf k/]sf afnaflnsfx? . sl/a ! nfv @& xhf/ afnaflnsfx? o;
k|sf/sf] >ddf /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . h;dWo] 3/]n' afn>ddf dfq %^ xhf/ afnaflnsfx? /x]sf] dflgG5 .
afn of}g b'Jo{jxf/ tyf zf]if0f M g]kfndf afnaflnsfx? of}g b'Jo{jxf/ tyf zf]if0faf6 klg kLl8t tyf k|efljt
ePsf 5g . afnaflnsfx?dfly of}g cfzosf;fy ul/g] s'g] klg Joaxf/x? of}g b'Jo{jxf/ x'g . o:tf Joaxf/x?
anfTsf/, anfTsf/ k|of;, clZnn xfpefp Ozf/f af]nL Aoaxf/ tyf lrq0f cflb kb{5g . afnaflnsfx?;Fu of}g
cfzosf ;fy ul/Psf Joaxf/x?nfO{ cfly{s jf cGo nfesf] ;|f]t agfpg' g} of}g zf]if0f xf] . l;lj;n] @))% df
u/]sf] cWoogcg';f/ ljBfno hfg gkfPsf 3/]n' afn>ldsx?dWo] %^ k|ltzt of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf lzsf/ ePsf 5g .
l;ljg / ;]e b lrN8]gn] u/]sf] cWoog cg';f/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ljBfno hfg] afnaflnsfx?dWO] $%
k|ltztn] of}g b'Jo{jxf/ ef]u]sf 5g .
zf/Ll/s oftgf tyf ;hfo Pj+ lx+;f M zfl/l/s lx+;f, oftgf tyf ;hfoaf6 g]kfnsf cToGt} w]/} afnaflnsfx?
k|efljt 5g . afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;fgf]ltgf] uNtL ubf{, jf pgLx?sf] Joaxf/df ;'wf/ ug{ g;Sbf cleefjs, lzIfs,
/f]huf/bftf, k|x/L Pj+ cGo jo:sx?n] klg zf/Ll/s lx+;f tyf oftgfk"0f{ ;hfosf] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

10. afnaflnsfx? o; lsl;dsf] Joaxf/af6 ljBfno 5f]8g], 3/ 5f]8g], lh2L x'g], dmu8fn' aGg] / sltko 36gfdf
Hofg uPsf] tyf cfTdxTof u/]sf] klg kfOPsf] 5 .
åGb / o;sf gsf/fTds c;/ M ljleGg ;dodf rn]sf ;z:q åGb , ljBfnodf ePsf n8fO tyf ljikmf]6x?,
afnaflnsf lx+8g] af6f] tyf v]n d}bfgdf lj5ofOPsf af?bL;'?u+x?, ljleGg cfGbf]ng tyf x8tfndf afnaflnsf
r9]sf a; tyf oftfoftsf ;fwgdf ePsf cfqmd0fx?n] afnaflnsfsf] hLjgdf eo, qf; / hf]lvdtfx?
NofOlbpsf] 5 . afnaflnsfx? zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ?kdf ljIfKt ePsf 5g / sltn] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g .
afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ M g]kfnsf afnaflnsfx? a]ralvgaf6 k|efljt / To;sf] vt/fdf klg
Tolts} /x]sf 5g . ljz]ift ef/t nufot cGo c/aL d'n'sx?df klg g]kfnL afnaflnsfx?nfO{ of}g k]zfdf
hah{:tL ;+nUg u/fpg, aFw'jf dhb'/sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{, c+u k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu, dfUg] k]zfdf nufpg, ;s{; tyf
pmF6 bf}8df k|of]u ug{ xhf/f}+ afnaflnsfx?nfO{ nnfO{ kmsfO{ tyf nf]e nfnrdf kf/L ;Ldf kf/L k'/ofOG5 /
a]lrG5 . cg'dflgttYof+s cg';f/ x/]s jif{ !@ b]lv !* xhf/ g]kfn dlxnfx? ef/ttk{m laqmLsf nflu nluG5g
h;sf] 7"nf] lx:;f aflnsfx? /x]f 5g .
w'd|kfg, gzf tyf nfu"kbfy{sf] b'Jo{;gM g]kfnL afnaflnsfx? ljleGg e|ddf k/L, /dfOnf] jf ;fyLsf] nx}nx}df
nfu]/ tyf w'd|kfg tyf gzfn' / nfu" kbfy{x?sf] af/]df kof{Kt hfgsf/Lx? k|fKt gePsf sf/0fn] slnn} pd]/df
o;k|sf/sf] b'Jo{;gsf] lzsf/ eO/x]sf 5g .
kfl/jfl/s lj5f]8 M g]kfndf afnaflnsfx? ljleGg sf/0fn] ubf{ kfl/jfl/s lj5f]8, kl/ToQmtf tyf cleefjsTj
ljlxg aGg k'u]sf 5g . o;/L kl/jfl/s lj5f]8df k/]sf afnaflnsfx? ljleGg zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s lx+;f Pj+
b'Jo{jxf/sf lzsf/ x'g] vt/fdf t x'G5g g} ;fy} klxrfg, gful/stf h:tf clwsf/x?af6 ;d]t a+lrt x'G5g /
ckf/fwLs/0fsf] lzsf/ aGg ;S5g . ljz]ift M x/fPsf afnaflnsf, >ddf /x]sf afnaflnsf, ;8sdf /x]sf
afnaflnsf, ljleGg xf]:6n tyf afnu[xx?df /x]sf afnaflnsf, ck/flws lu/f]x tyf ;z:q ;d'x;Fu /x]sf
afnaflnsf, ckx/0f tyf a]rlavgdf k/]sf afnaflnsfx? o; ;d'xdf kg]{ ub{5g . g]kfnsf] hLjg:t/ ;j]{If0f
@))# sf cg';f/ sl/a % k|ltzt afnaflnsfx? cfkmgf] 3/ ufpF jf hGd:yfgeGbf k/ a;L/x]sf 5g eg] $
k|ltzt afnaflnsfx? kl/jf/;Fu 5'l6P/ a:g' kl//x]sf] 5 .
;8s afnaflnsf M ;8shLjg latfO/x]sf afnaflnsfx? afn ;+/If0fsf] b[li6sf]0fn] vt/.df /x]sf tyf lx+;f
b'Jo{jxf/sf lzsf/ ePsf afnaflnsfx? x'g . sl/a % xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf g]kfndf /x]sf ;8s afnaflnsfx?sf]
b}lgs hLjgofkg t hf]lvdk'0f{ 5 g} ;fy} of}g zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/, lx+;f tyf oftgf, ck/flws/0f tyf
pgLx?sf] zf/Ll/s :jf:y, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs tyf ;Dj]ufTds ljsf;df g} uDeL/ gsf/fTds k|efj af6 lkl8t
eO/x]sf 5g .
afn laHofO tyf ;hfo M afnaflnsfx?n] ljleGg sf/0fjz ug]{ jf ug{ nufpg] sfg'g n] jlh{t sfdx? g}
afnlaHofO x'g . afnaflnsfx?n] ug]{ ;fgf]ltgf] rf]/L, ks]6df/L, dmu8f jf tf]8kmf]8 h:tf sfo{x?nfO{ afn laHofO
cGtu{t lnOG5 . afnaflnsfx? o:tf 36gfsf] ;Defljt kl/0ffdx?sf] af/]df k"'0f{tof hfgsf/ xF'b}gg tyf ljleGg
kl/j]z, ;fdflhs ;+:sf/ tyf pgLx?k|ltsf] Joaxf/ jf ljleGg syf tyf rnlrqx?af6 k|efljt eP/ ul/g] x'Fbf
oL afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ;'wf/ u/L c;n gful/ssf] hLjgofkgdf 8f]/ofpg'kb{5 .
afn ljjfx M afnljjfx g]kfnL afnaflnsfx?n] ef]ug' kl//x]sf] csf]{ k|d'v ;d:of xf] . g]kfndf ePsf s'n
ljjfxx?dWo] $% afnlajfx x'g] ub{5 . afnljjfxsf sf/0faf6 w]/} aflnsfx?sf] k|;j ;d:ofsf sf/0f ;fg}

11. pd]/df d[To' x'g], ;fg} pd]/df jo:ssf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg'kbf{ pgLx?sf] z}lIfs, Jofjxfl/s, ;fdflhs ljsf; tyf
afnkgdf w]/} gsf/fTds k|efjx? kg]{ u/]sf 5g . k|hgg :jf;Yo ;DaGwL kof{Kt hfgsf/Lx? gx'Fbf,hLjgpkof]uL
;Lkx? tyf lszf]/fj:yfsf af/]df kof{Kt hfgsf/Lx? Pj+ k/fdz{ ;]jfx? gx'Fbf w]/} lszf]/lzf]/Lx? klg o;
;d:ofaf6 lkl8t ePsf 5g . g]kfnsf] sfg"'g cg';f/ cleefjssf] ;xdtLdf @) aif{ pd]/ gk'uL ljjfx ug{
kfOb}g / cleefjssf] dGh'/Llagf g} ljjfx ug{ @@ aif{ pd]/ k'Ug' h?/L 5 .
k/Dk/fut s'/Llt tyf xflgsf/s Joaxf/x? M g]kfndf /x]sf ljleGg wd{ ;Dk|bfo tyf hfthfltx?dfdm k/Dk/fut
?kdf rlncfPsf w]/] Aoaxf/x? afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0fsf lx;fan] xflgsf/s 5g . o; cGtu{t eujfgsf gfddf
afnaflnsfnfO{ dlGb/df r9fpg] k|yfx? h:t} b]psL, d'mdf, dlxgfj/L ePsf ;dodf ul/g] Joaxf/x? h:t} 5fpk8L,
of]lgR5]bg h:tf sfo{x? unt x'g o:tf sfo{x?nfO{ sfg'gn] klg lgif]lwt u/]sf] 5 .
afn>d

12. afn>d s]xf] <
s'g}klg afnaflnsfx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, af}l4s, g}lts tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df gsf/fTds
k|efj kg]{ u/L tyf pgLx?sf] lzIff k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ s'l07t x'g] u/L sfddf nufOg' g} afn>d xf] .
s] afnaflnsfn] ug]{ ;j} sfdx? afn>d x'g t <

13. afnaflnsfsf] zf/Ll/s dfgl;s ljsf;df gsf/fTds c;/ gkg]{ u/L pgLx?sf] ;fdflhsLs/0f ug{, l;kx? l;Sg
l;sfpgsf nflu tyf afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f x'g] u/L cfkmg} 3/df jf ljBfnodf u/fOg] sfd afn>d xf]Og . o:tf
sfdx?n] afnclwsf/;DaGwL s'g} klg cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx?n] ;'lglZrt u/]sf clwsf/x?dfly x:tIf]k ub}{gg . ;fy}
o:tf sfd n] afnaflnsf nfO{cf3ft gkf/L a? pgL x? df lhjgpkof]uL ;Lkx?sf] lasf; x'G5 .
3/]n' afn>d s] nfO{ eGg] <
sfg'gåf/f dfGotf k|fKt sfd ug]{ pd]/ gk'u]sf afnaflnsfx? lgoldt ?kdf tna lnP/ jf glnOsg klg cfkmgf]
kl/jf/afx]s c? s'g} JolQmsf] 3/]n' sfdwGbfdf ;+nUg x'g] sfo{nfO{ g} 3/]n' afn>d elgG5 . h;leq 3/ ;kmfug]{
vfgf ksfpg] efF8f dfemg], n'uf ldnfpg], w'g,] 3/sf afnaflnsfx?sf] x]/rfx ug]{ tyf ljBfno k'/ofpg] / Nofpg]
cflb sfdx? kb{5g . 3/]n' afn>d nfO{ lgs[i6 k|sf/ sf] afn>d sf] ?kdf klg lnOPsf] 5 lsg eg] o; >d df
;+nUg xhf/f} afnaflnsf x? laleGg k|sf/sf] zf]if0f / b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf 5g .
s] tkfO nfO{ yfxf 5 <
g]kfndf M
 g]kfnsf ljleGg zx/x?df !* jif{d'lgsf s'n %% xhf/ ^%% 3/]n' afn>lds /x]sf] tyf To;dWo] $@
xhf/ ^&$ 3/]n' afn>lds !$ jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf /x]sf] cg'dfg ul/G5 .
 sf7df8f}+ zx/df dfq} @!))) eGbf a9L 3/]n' afn>lds /x]sf 5g .
 3/]n' afn>dsf] cf};t cfo' !#=$ aif{ /x]sf] 5 eg] ;aeGbf sd pd]/sf] afn>ldssf] pd]/ ^ jif{sf] 5 /
pgLx?dWo] (* k|ltzt cfkmgf kl/jf/sf ;fy a:g kfPsf 5}gg .
 3/]n' afn>ldsx? lbgsf] !# b]lv !% 306f;Dd 306f sfd ub{5g . (@ k|ltztn] laxfg & aHg'eGbf
cl3b]lv g} sfd z'? u5{g eg] (&=^ k|ltztn] ;ftfdf ;ft} lbg sfd ug'{ kb{5 .
 3/]n' afn>ldsdWo] sl/a cfwf lagfkfl/>lds sfd ul//x]sf 5g . sltko afn>ldsx?nfO{ cfk"mn] sfd
u/}afkt kfl/>lds kfpg'kb{5 eGg] klg yfxf 5}g .
 kfl/>lds kfO/x]sfx?dWo] (& k|ltztn] dlxgfsf] Ps xhf/ ?lkofFeGbf klg sd tna kfpg] u/]sf 5g .
 clwsf+z 3/]n' afn >ldsx?nfO{ ljBfno hfg lbOb}+g . pgLx?nfO{ sfdug]{ 3/af6 aflx/ c?
;fyLefOx?nfO{ e]6g / pgLx?;Fu v]Ng klg lbOb}+g .
 w]/} 3/]n' afn >ldsx? sfd ug]{ 3/df s'6lk6, lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/ stLko t of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] klg lzsf/
ePsf 5g .

14.  3/]n' afn >ldsx?nfO{ k9fpg] vfg] a:g] ;'ljwf cToGt} Go'g :t/sf] x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] pgLx? la/fdL
x'Fbf :jf:y pkrf/ klg gkfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
affn>ldssf klg clwsf/ 5g ;fy} sfg'g n] klg afn>d nfO{ aGb]h
u/]sf] 5 M
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg ,@)^#
 g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f @@ df afnaflnsfsf] xssf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o; cGtu{t Joj:yf
u/]sf afnaflnsfsf xsx? lgDg k|sf/ 5g M
 afnaflnsfsf] klxrfgsf] xs – wf/f @@-!_
 afnaflnsfsf] kfngkf]if0f, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs – wf/f @@ -@__
 k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf] zf]if0flj?4sf] xs x'g]5 . o:tf]
zf]if0fhGo sfo{ sfg'gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/ ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ sfg"'gn] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhdsf]
Ifltk"lt{lbOg]5 . @@-#_
 c;xfo, cgfy, ;':t dgl:ylt, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+ hf]lvddf k/]sf, ;8s afnaflnsfnfO{ ;'lglZrt
eljiosf] nflu /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g]5 . @@-$_
 s'g} klg gfafnsnfO{ s'g} snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo s'g} hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg jf ;]gf, k|x/L jf
åGå k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g . @@-%_
Affn>d lgoldt / lgif]lwt ug]{ P]g @)%^
 !$ jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ s'g}klg lsl;dsf] >ddf ;+nUg u/fpg kfO{b}g .
 afnaflnsfnfO{ /ftdf -;fFem ^ ah]b]lv laxfg ^ ah];Dd_ sfddf nufpg x'b}g . pgLx¿nfO{ lbgsf] ^ 306f
/ xKtfsf] #^ 306feGbf a9L sfddf nufpg x'b}g . nuftf/ # 306f sfd u/]kl5 cfwf 306f lj>fd / xKtfsf]
! lbg ljbf lbg'k5{ . pQm lj>fdsf] ;do / ljbfsf] lbgsf] kfl/>lds s§f ug{ kfOg] 5}g . olb o;sf] kfngf
gu/L sfd nufPdf ? %,))) .– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
 s;}n] klg afnaflnsfnfO{ nnfOkmsfO{, em'SofO{, 8/ qf;, k|nf]eg, bjfjdf kf/L jf cGo s'g} tl/sfn] lghsf]
OR5flj?4 >ldssf] ¿kdf sfddf nufpg' x'b}g . OR5fljkl/t sfddf nufPdf ! jif;{ Dd sb} jf ? %),)))
.– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .

15.  !^ jif{;Ddsf s'g}klg afnaflnsfnfO{ xNsf vfnsf] sfddf dfq nufpgkb5{ . hf]lvdk'0f{ Joj;fo jf sfddf
nufpg' x'b}g . s;}n] o:tf] hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf afnaflnsfnfO{ nufPdf ! jif{;Dd s}b jf ? %),))) .– ;Dd
hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
 s'g} k|lti7fgn] afnaflnsfnfO{ sfddf nufpg k/]df ;DalGwt >d sfof{no jf tf]lsPsf] cGo lgsfo jf
clwsf/L / afnaflnsfsf] afa'cfdf jf ;+/Ifssf] :jLs[[t lng{] Joj:yf 5 . o;f] gu/]df @ dlxg ;Dd s}b
jf ?= %,))) .– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfoF x'g]5 .
 k|lti7fgdf afnaflnsfnfO{ >ldssf] ¿kdf sfddf nufpg'cl3 >d sfof{no dfk{mt lrlsT;såf/f sfd
ug{;Sg] of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq lng'kg{]5 . ;f] glnPdf @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf ?= %,))) .– ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j}
;hfo x'g]5 .
 k|lti7fgn] >ldssf] ¿kdf sfd ug{] s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ lnË, j0f{, wd,{ hfthfltsf] cfwf/df s'g} e]befj
gu/L ;dfg sfdsf nflu ;dfg kfl/>lds lbg'kb{5 . ;f] glbPdf @ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf ?=%,))) .– ;Dd
hl/jfgf j b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
/f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg x'g kfpg] Go"gtd pd]/;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw g+= !#* ;g !(&#
 g]kfnn] ;g !((& d] #) df o; dxf;lGwnfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 .
 /fHon] afn>d pGd"ng ug{] sfo{ lglZrt ug{ tyf /f]huf/Ldf jf sfddf ;+nUg x'g] Go"gtd pd]/ tf]Sg
tyf sd pd]/sf JolQmx¿sf] k"0f{ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ljsf;;Fu ldNg] u/L k|ultzLn ¿kdf a9fpFb}
n}hfg tof/ ul/Psf] /fli6«o gLlt cjnDag ug{]5g . -wf/f !_
 /f]huf/Lsf nflu Go"gtd pd]/ clgjfo{ lzIff k"/f ubf{ k'Ug] pd]/eGbf sd x'g]5}g . ;fy} of] pd]/sf] xb
s'g} klg cj:yfdf !% jif{eGbf sd x'g]5}g . -wf/f @=#_
 cfly{s, z}lIfs ;'ljwf kof{Kt ljsl;t gePsf] o; dxf;lGwsf] kIf /fi6«n] ;DalGwt /f]huf/bftf tyf
sfdbf/x¿sf] ;+u7g ePdf ltgLx¿;Fu ;Nnfx u/L ;'?df Go"gtd pd]/ !$ jif{ sfod ug{ ;Sg]5g . -
wf/f @=$_
 /f]huf/Lsf nflu Go"gtd pd]/ !$ jif{ tf]s]sf x/]s kIf /fi6«x¿n] dxf;lGwsf] sfof{Gjog;DaGwL
k|ltj]bgdf Go"gtd pd]/ !$ jif{ tf]Sg'sf sf/0f / ljrf/fwLg /x]sf k|fjwfgcGtu{tsf cfkm"n] k|fKt ug{
kfpg] clwsf/x¿ kl/Tofu ug{ tf]lsPsf] ldlt v'nfpg'kb{5 .
 /f]huf/L jf sfo{sf] k|s[lt jf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ kl/l:yltn] sd pd]/sf JolQmx¿sf] :jf:Yo ;'/Iff jf
g}ltstf vt/fdf kg{;Sg] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] sfo{ /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUg x'g] Go"gtd pd]/ !* jif{eGbf sd
x'g]5}g .
lgs[i6 cj:yfsf] afn>d;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw g+= !*@ – h'g !, ;g !(((

16.  g]kfnn] o; dxf;lGwnfO{ ;g @))) sf] hgj/Ldf cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 .
 o; dxf;lGwn] !* jif{d'lgsf ;a} afnaflnsfnfO{ hf]lvdo'Qm >ddf nufpg lgif]w u/]sf] 5 .
 dxf;lGwn] hf]lvdo'Qm afn>dleq lgDg s'/fx¿nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 M
 bf;Tj jf ;f] ;/xsf ;a} :j¿kx¿, afnaflnsfsf] a]rlavg, cf];f/k;f/, C0f aFw'jf, afFwf>d, ;z:q
;+3if{sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] clgjfo{ jf ha/h:tL egf{nufot s'gklg ha/h:tL jf clgjfo{ >d .
 b]xJofkf/, cZnLn lrq0f jf k|bz{gx¿sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u, k|flKt jf ck{0f .
 u}/sfg'gL lqmofsnfkx¿ vf;u/L nfu" cf}ifwx¿sf] pTkfbg tyf cf];f/k;f/sf]nflu afnaflnsfsf] k|of]u,
k|flKt jf ck{0f .
 afnaflnsfx¿sf] :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff jf g}ltstfdf xflg k'¥ofpg ;Sg] sfo{x¿ .
afn ;xeflutf

17. afn ;xeflutf s] xf] <
g]kfnL a[xt zAbsf]zdf ;xeflutfsf] cy{ o; k|sf/sf] 5 – ;xeflutf – gf= -;+=_ ;xefuL x'gfsf]
efj, s'g} sfds'/fdf c¿sf ;fy} efu lng] jf ;xefuL eP/ sfd ug]{ k|lqmof jf cj:yf . c¿sf
;fy ldn]/ sfd ug]{ cj;/ jf clwsf/ . -g]kfnL a[xt zAbsf]z, g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg_ .
cfkmgf] ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg ljifosf] lg0f{o / sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf nf]stflGqs k4lt / efjgfcg'¿k
kx'“r / cEof; ;xeflutf xf] . k/Dk/fut ¿kdf eg] c¿n] u/]sf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjogdf ;+nUg x'g'nfO{
;xeflutf eGg] ul/Psf] lyof] . lg0f{o, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg k|lqmofdf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] lg0ff{os
;+nUgtf, kx'“r / cEof; ;xeflutf xf] . clwsf/d'vL cjwf/0ffcg';f/ ;xeflutfsf] cy{ cfk"m;“u
;/f]sf/ /fVg] s'g} klg ljifodf ;a} r/0fdf ;xefuL x'g] clwsf/ ;xeflutf xf] . ;xeflutf oyfy{df

18. ;zQmLs/0fsf] /fhgLlts k|lqmof xf] . o;sf nflu sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ubf{ ;dfhsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;r]t
u/fpg], k|Zg ug]{, dfu /fVg], zf;gsf lgsfox¿dfly bafa l;h{gf ug]{ ultljlwx¿ ;dfj]z ul/G5 .
afn ;xeflutf s] xf]Og <
afn ;xeflutfnfO{ ;sf/fTds cy{df lnOg' kb{5 . o;}n] afn;xeflutfleq afnaflnsfn] dgdf
nfu]sf] eGb}df h] dg nfUof] ToxL af]Ng', e]nf x'g] eg]/ cgfjZos x'nx'Hht tyf jfbljjfb ug'{
h:tf s'/fx? kb}{gg . o;} u/L afnaflnsfsf] dt wf/0ffnfO{ a]jf:tf ug'{, 3/ ;dfh / /fHon]
cfkm"v'zL lg0f{o ug'{, afnaflnsfsf nflu ;~rflnt sfo{qmddf afnaflnsfsf] gfd dfq /flvg'
lgliqmo ?kdf ;xefuL u/fOg', h:tf s'/fx?n] afn ;xeflutfleq gkg]{ s'/fsf] af/]df jo:sx?n]
x]Ssf /fVg' kb{5 .
afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw, !(*( df pNn]v ePsf afn;xeflutf;DaGwL lgDg clwsf/x¿nfO{ k|Tofe't
u/]sf] 5 .
!= :jtGq ljrf/sf] clwsf/ -wf/f !@_
@= cleJolQmsf] clwsf/ -wf/f !#_
#= :jtGq cf:yfsf] clwsf/ -wf/f !$_
$= ;+u7gsf] clwsf/ -wf/f !%_
%= ;"rgfsf] clwsf/ -wf/f !&_
Affn ;xeflutfsf If]qx?
Affnaflnsf ;dfhsf cleGg cË x'g t/ afnaflnsf / jo:sx? larsf] zlQm ;+/rgf c;Gt'lnt x'g] x'“bf
pgLx?sf] clwsf/ pNn+3g eO/x]sf] x'G5 . cyf{t jo:sx?n] :jefljs 7fg]sf ;jfnx?df ;+/If0fsf] cfjZostf
eO/x]sf] x'G5 . afn ;+/If0fsf ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu afnaflnsfsf] lgDg txx?df afn;xeflutfsf]
cfjZostf 5 .

19. != afnSnadf ;xeflutf
afnSna afnaflnsfn] ;+ul7t x'g kfpg] 7fp“ xf] . o;n] afnaflnsfsf cfjfhnfO{ ;fd"lxs ?kdf JoQm ug{
kfp5g . Snasf] dfWodaf6 pgLx?n] cfkm" / cfÎgf ;fyLx?n] ef]Ub} cfPsf ;d:ofx?, jo:sx?n] Wofg k'¥ofpg
g;s]sf afn ;+/If0fsf ;jfnx?nfO{ aflx/ Nofpg ;S5g . ljBfno jf ufp“df afnaflnsfdfly x'g] u/]sf] zf]if0f,
oftgf cflbsf af/]df jo:sx?sf] Wofgfsif{0f ug{ / ;dfwfgsf nflu 3R3Rofpg ;S5g .
@= 3/ Kfl/jf/df ;xeflutf
sf“rf] df6f]nfO{ s:tf] cfsf/ lbg] eg]/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ klxnf] lhDd]jf/L 3/ Kfl/jf/sf] x'G5 . afnaflnsf 3/kl/jf/sf]
;b:o x'g . 3/ kl/jf/leq klg afn;+/If0fsf ;jfnx? x'G5g . o:tf ;jfnx?sf af/]df jo:sx?n] afnaflnsfsf
ljrf/x?nfO{ ;'Gg] ug'{ kb{5 . 3/ kl/jf/df afnaflnsf;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;jfnx?df x'g] lg0f{odf afnaflnsfsf]
;xefuLtf x'u] u/]df o;n] afnaflnsfsf k9fOdf ;xof]u x'g ;S5 . ljleGg lsl;dsf b'Jo{jxf/af6 ;+/If0f ug]{
sfddf d2t k'Ub5 . 3/]n' afn>daf6 afnaflnsfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ afnaflnsfn] pNn]Vo e"ldsf lgefpg ;S5g .
#= ljBfnodf ;xeflutf
afnaflnsfsf] ljBfnodf ;a} eGbf a9L ;do latfpg] ub{5g . afnaflnsfsf] hLjgsf] uf]/]6f] sf]g]{ dxTjk"0f{ :yn
ljBfno ePsf] x'gfn] ljBfnodf x'g] lqmofsnfkx?df pgLx?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf] cfjZotf x'G5 . ljBfnodf
afnaflnsfn] s}of}+ ;d:ofx? Eff]lu/x]sf x'g ;S5g . ljBfnodf klg afnaflnsfdfly oftgf lbg], of}g b'Jo{jxf/ Pj+
zf]if0f x'g] h:tf 36gfx? eO/x]sf x'g ;S5g . vfg] kfgL, rkL{ cflbsf] pko'Qm Joj:yf gePsf] x'g ;S5 . o:tf
;jfnx?sf af/]df cfjfh p7fpgsf nflu ljBfnodf afn;xeflutfsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o;n] lzIfs, lzlIfsf
tyf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ ljBfnodf b]vf kg]{ afn;/f]sf/sf ljifox?df afnaflnsfsf ljrf/ /
b[li6sf]0fx? a'emg / a'emfpg d2t k'Ub5 . jo:sx?af6 o;sf nflu ljz]if Wofg lbg pko'Qm x'G5 .
$= ;d'bfo / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfdf ;xeflutf
Affnaflnsf ;d'bfosf ;b:ox? X'g . ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?n] p7fpg] s}of}+ ;jfnx? afnaflnsf;“u ;Da4 ;jfnx?
x'g ;S5g . pgLx?n] ug]{ lg0f{ox?n] afnaflnsfnfO{ k||ToIf k|efj kfg{ ;S5 . o;}n] o:tf ;+:yfx?n]
afnaflnsfsf;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;jfnx?df afnaflnsfsf ljrf/x? aemg' kb{5 . pgLx?sf] ljrf/ a'emgsf nflu
lg0f{o k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfsf] ;xefuLtf h?/L x'G5 . ;d'bfodf afnclwsf/ pNn+3gsf y'k|} ;jfnx? x'g ;S5g .
h:t} M afn>d, 3/]n' afn>dnufotsf ;jfnx?sf] ;Daf]wgsf nflu afn ;xeflutfn] pNn]Vo e"ldsf lgefpg
;S5 .
%= Ufflj; jf uflj;:t/Lo lgsfox?df ;xeflutf
Ufflj; /fHosf] :yfgLo lgsfo xf] . :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{ klg uflj;n] ub{5 . o;}u/L /fHon]
uflj;:t/Lo lgsfox? ;+rfng u/]sf] x'G5 . afnaflnsfn] cfÎgf clwsf/x?sf] pkef]u ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{
;|f]t ;fwg tyf cGo ;xof]u h'6fpg uflj; jf uflj;:t/Lo lgsfox?Df afnaflnsfn] glhssf] ;Dks{ Pj+ ;dGjo
ug'{ kb{5 . ;"rgfx?sf] cfbfg k|bfg ug'{kb{5 . lxhf] cfh afnSnax?n] uflj;:t/Lo ;~hfn ;d]t u7g ug]{ u/]sf
5g . o:tf afnSna ;~hfnx?n] o:tf sfo{x?df ;xefuL x'g / afn xslxtsf] kIfdf naL ug{] sfddf of]ubfg
lbg ;S5g .

20. ^= lhNnf:t/Lo ;/sf/L lgsfo / cGo ;+:yfx?df ;xeflutf
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf lhNnf:t/Lo ;/sf/L lgsfox?, uflj; / uflj;:t/Lo lgsfox?eGbf dflyNnf txsf
lgsfox? x'g . uflj; txaf6 ul/Psf k|of;x?af6 cfÎgf ;jfnx?sf] pko'Qm lsl;dn] ;Daf]wg x'g ;s]g eg]
afnaflnsfn] lhNnftxsf lgsfox?df kxn ug'{ kb{5 . o;sfnflu lhNnf:t/df ag]sf afnSna ;~hfnx?n]
cfÎgf ;jfnx? lhNnf :t/Lo lgsfox?df k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . afnaflnsfn] o:tf] ;~hfnsf] dfWodaf6 afn ;+/If0fsf
nflu ljz]if kxn ug{ ;S5g .
&= s]Gb|Lo lgsfo jf /fli6«o:t/sf ;+:yfx?df ;xeflutf
afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu clGtd lg0f{o ug]{ lhDd]jf/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xf] . o;}u/L g]kfn e/ sfd ug]{ u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] afn clwsf/sf] kIfdf jsfnt ul/x]sf x'G5g . pgLx?sf] lg0f{on] afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0fdf
dxTjk"0f{ k|efj kfg]{ ub{5g . afnaflnsfx?n] cfÎgf ;jfnx?nfO{ of] txDd k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . s]Gb|Lo :t/df x'g]
k/fdz{ uf]i7L jf sfo{zfnfx?df ;xefuL eP/ afnaflnsfsf ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ gLlt agfpg] sfddf
cfÎgf ljrf/x? JoQm ug{ ;S5g .
*= cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ;xeflutf
afnaflnsfsf nflu ljZjel/ nfu" x'g] sfg'g agfpg] sfo{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 xf] . o;}u/L afn clwsf/sf ;+/If0fsf
nflu cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf ljleGg ;+:yfx? ljleGg b]zx?df sfo{/t 5g . a]nf a]nf ljleGg o:tf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx?n] afn k|ltlglwx?sf] e]nf u/fO{ afnaflnsfsf cfjfhx? ;+sng ub{5g . o:tf cj;/x?df afnaflnsfn]
cfÎgf cfjfhx?nfO{ of] :t/;Dd klg k'¥ofpg ;S5g .+ ;+o'Qm /fi6| ;+3n] klg afnaflnsfsf] cfjfh x? ;'Gg
laz]if clwj]ifg x? ug]{ u5{g .
cfkmgf] afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f ug{ sf nflu sxf+ ;Dks{ ug]{ <
afnclwsf/ sf] k'0f{ pkef]u ug{ kfpg' ;j} afnaflnsfsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] . afnclwsf/ ;j}sf nflu ;dfg
x'G5 . olb tkfOdfyL s'g} lsl;dsf b'Ao{jxf/ tyf zf]if0f ePdf tkfO n] glhs sf afnsNj afn;+/If0f ;ldtL,
k|x/L sfo{no, ufla;, gu/kflns tyf >dsfof{no, lhnnf afnsNof0f ;ldtL dfkm{t zf]if0f tyf b'Ao{jxf/ ug]{
AolQm ;d'bfo jf /f]huf/ bftf la?4 ph'/L ug{ ;Sg' x'g] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ sf laleGg afn;+/If0f / afnclwsf/
;+jGwL ph'/L ;'Gg] lgsfox? klg 5g h:n] lgz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf klg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ n]
;+rfng u/]sf] 6]lnkmf]g gDj/ !)(* df kmf]g ug{ ;Sg' x'g] 5 .
yk hfgsf/L sf] nflu / ;xof]u sf] nflu afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f sf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ cu|0fL ;+:yf x? h:t}
l;lj; g]kfn
a'4gu/ sf7df08f}
kmf]g gDj/ M )!$&*$%$%,)!$&*!#*^
x6nfOg M !^^)—)!!)))) df ;Dks{ /fVg ;Sg' x'g] 5 .