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COURSE
OF
INFECTION
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
COURSE OF INFECTION
• Pre-exposure stage
• Pre-clinical stage
• Clinical stage
• Resolution stage
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
NORMAL BODY
DEFENSE
MECHANISMS
AGAINST
INFECTION
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Defense
mechanisms
Action Factors that
may alter
defense
Skin
Intact multilayered
surface body`s first
line of defense
against infection
Shedding of outer
layer of skin cells
Sebum
Provides
mechanical
barrier to micro-
organisms
Removes
organisms that
adhere to skins
outer layer
Contains fatty
acid that kills
some bacteria
Cuts
,abrasions, pun
cture wounds.
Failure to
bath regularly
Excessive
bathing
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Defense
mechanisms
Action Factors that
may alter
defense
Skin
Intact multilayered surface
bodys first line of defense
against infection
Shedding of outer layer of
skin cells
Sebum
Provides mechanical
barrier to micro-
organisms
Removes organisms
that adhere to skins
outer layer
Contains fatty acid
that kills some
bacteria
Cuts ,abrasions,
puncture wounds.
Failure to bath
regularly
Exessive bathing
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Mouth
Intact
multilayere
d mucosa
Saliva
Provides
mechanical
barrier to
micro-organisms
Washes away
particles
containing
micro-organisms
Contains
microbial
inhibiters
(e.g. lysosome)
Lacerations ,
trauma,
extracted
teeth
Poor oral
hygiene ,
dehydration
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Respiratory
tract
Cillia lining
upper airways,
coated by
sticky mucous
blanket
macrophages
Trap inhaled
microbes &
sweep them
outward in
mucus to be
swallowed
Engulf &
destroy micro-
organisms that
reach lungs
alveoli
Smoking, high
conc. of
O2&CO2,
decreased
humidity, cold
air
smoking
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Urinary
tract
Flushing action
of urine flow
Intact
multilayered
epithelium
Washes away
micro-
organisms on
lining of
bladder &
urethra
Provides barrier
to micro-
organisms
Obstruction to
normal flow by
urinary
catheter
placement or
growth or
tumor or
delayed
micturation
as above
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Gastro -
intestinal
tract
Acidity of
gastric
secretions
Rapid
peristalsis in
small intestine
Chemically
destroys micro-
org. incapable
of surviving low
pH
Prevents
retention of
bacterial
contents
Administration
of antacids
Delayed
motility from
impaction of
fecal contents
in large bowel
or mechanical
obstructionwww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Vagina
At , puberty
normal
flora cause
vaginal
secretions
to achieve
low pH
Acidic
se3cretions
inhibit
growth of
many
micro-
organisms
Antibiotics
& birth
control pills
that disrupt
normal
flora
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE
SIGNS &
SYMPTOMS
Vascular & cellular
response:
Arterioles supplying
infected or injured area
dilate , delivering blood &
leukocytes.
Tissues necrosis cause
release of histamine ,
bradykinin , prostaglandins
& serotonin ,which increase
blood vessel permeability.
Redness
Warmth
Edema
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Fluid , protein, & cell enter
interstitial spaces to cause
swelling
WBC`S enter tissues &
phagocytose micro –
organisms. More WBC`S
are released in
bloodstream.
Phagocytic release of
pyrogens from bacteria
occurs.
Pain
Normal
count-5000-
10,000/mm3;
15000to20000
common with
inflammation
Fever
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
INFLAMMATORY
EXUDATE
Fluid, dead cells & WBCs
form exudate at
inflammatory site that later
clears with lymphatic
drainage.
Serous or
sanguineous
exudate
TISSUE REPAIR
Damaged cells are replaced
with healthy new cells.Cells
mature to take on stuctural
charactristic & appearance
of injured cells
Tissue
defects heal
& close
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
Thank you
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

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Course of infection

  • 2. COURSE OF INFECTION • Pre-exposure stage • Pre-clinical stage • Clinical stage • Resolution stage www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 4. Defense mechanisms Action Factors that may alter defense Skin Intact multilayered surface body`s first line of defense against infection Shedding of outer layer of skin cells Sebum Provides mechanical barrier to micro- organisms Removes organisms that adhere to skins outer layer Contains fatty acid that kills some bacteria Cuts ,abrasions, pun cture wounds. Failure to bath regularly Excessive bathing www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 5. Defense mechanisms Action Factors that may alter defense Skin Intact multilayered surface bodys first line of defense against infection Shedding of outer layer of skin cells Sebum Provides mechanical barrier to micro- organisms Removes organisms that adhere to skins outer layer Contains fatty acid that kills some bacteria Cuts ,abrasions, puncture wounds. Failure to bath regularly Exessive bathing www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 6. Mouth Intact multilayere d mucosa Saliva Provides mechanical barrier to micro-organisms Washes away particles containing micro-organisms Contains microbial inhibiters (e.g. lysosome) Lacerations , trauma, extracted teeth Poor oral hygiene , dehydration www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 7. Respiratory tract Cillia lining upper airways, coated by sticky mucous blanket macrophages Trap inhaled microbes & sweep them outward in mucus to be swallowed Engulf & destroy micro- organisms that reach lungs alveoli Smoking, high conc. of O2&CO2, decreased humidity, cold air smoking www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 8. Urinary tract Flushing action of urine flow Intact multilayered epithelium Washes away micro- organisms on lining of bladder & urethra Provides barrier to micro- organisms Obstruction to normal flow by urinary catheter placement or growth or tumor or delayed micturation as above www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 9. Gastro - intestinal tract Acidity of gastric secretions Rapid peristalsis in small intestine Chemically destroys micro- org. incapable of surviving low pH Prevents retention of bacterial contents Administration of antacids Delayed motility from impaction of fecal contents in large bowel or mechanical obstructionwww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 10. Vagina At , puberty normal flora cause vaginal secretions to achieve low pH Acidic se3cretions inhibit growth of many micro- organisms Antibiotics & birth control pills that disrupt normal flora www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 12. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Vascular & cellular response: Arterioles supplying infected or injured area dilate , delivering blood & leukocytes. Tissues necrosis cause release of histamine , bradykinin , prostaglandins & serotonin ,which increase blood vessel permeability. Redness Warmth Edema www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 13. Fluid , protein, & cell enter interstitial spaces to cause swelling WBC`S enter tissues & phagocytose micro – organisms. More WBC`S are released in bloodstream. Phagocytic release of pyrogens from bacteria occurs. Pain Normal count-5000- 10,000/mm3; 15000to20000 common with inflammation Fever www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
  • 14. INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE Fluid, dead cells & WBCs form exudate at inflammatory site that later clears with lymphatic drainage. Serous or sanguineous exudate TISSUE REPAIR Damaged cells are replaced with healthy new cells.Cells mature to take on stuctural charactristic & appearance of injured cells Tissue defects heal & close www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in