Personal Protective Equipment

What is a hazard?
A hazard is an existing (or potential) hazardous or unsafe
condition or work practice that, by itself or in combination
with other conditions, could cause injury, illness, or
death to workers, as well as cause property damage.
Hazards may exist from
Processes,
procedures
Any series of actions or operations
manufacturing, equipment, product flow, etc.,
and handling) that convert raw material into a
product
Unsafe equipment,
machinery, or tools
For example damaged tools, unguarded
blades or unguarded moving parts, etc.
Unsafe work
practices
Allowing untrained workers to perform
Hazardous tasks, taking unsafe shortcuts,
being distracted, working long shifts, etc.

How do you control hazards?
Eliminate/reduce the hazard Engineering Controls
Reduce the hazard Work Practice Controls
Administrative Controls
Put barrier between worker
and hazard if needed
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
To control hazardous and unsafe conditions and work
practices, use the most effective control methods feasible at
your work place. Try to reduce employee exposure by
implementing effective controls that do not primarily rely on
individual employee behavior. Follow a system of strategies,
called the "Hierarchy of Controls," which prioritizes control
methods that try to remove or reduce the hazard:
Hierarchy of Controls (most to least effective)

Aim
If engineering or administrative
controls are not feasible or
economical, the last line of
defense in protecting workers is
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)”.
http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
Make sure that required Personal Protective Equipment as
per job specific will be given to workers and workers to
understand the purpose of wearing it.
As Project wide EHS Policy, that wearing of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) on site is for strict compliance
and must be followed.

PPE
Controlling hazards:
■ Elimination/substitution
■ Engineering controls - guards, interlocks, barriers
■ Administrative controls - procedure, stay times, worker
rotation
“If engineering or administrative controls are not feasible
or economical, the last line of defense in protecting
workers is Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)”.
PPE does NOT eliminate the hazard! It only
protects workers in the event of an
exposure.

PPE
In all areas of the site, excluding lunch rooms, offices and control
rooms, the following minimum requirements are:
■ Hard hats
■ Safety Glasses with rigid side shields
■ Prescription safety glasses - flimsy slip over type side shields
not allowed
■ Footwear of full leather tongue included, with no breather
holes to prevent chemical exposure.
■ Clothing suitable for the work
environment Not allowed:
■ Shorts
■ Flimsy footwear and sandals
■ Sleeveless shirts
■ Mesh

PPE

PPE
All PPE will be provided free of
cost to employees unless
otherwise noted. There may be
requirements for reimbursement
of prescription safety glasses
and steel toe boots. Check with
your supervisor.http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/
Visitors on site standard apparel should be based on a hazard
assessment taking into account the areas of the site they will
be escorted.

For assessing foot, head, eye,
face, hand, and body hazard
situations, match protective
devices to the particular
hazard.
■ Survey - Conduct a walkthrough of the areas in
question, consideration given to the basic hazard
categories:
* Impact
* Penetration
* Compression (roll over)
* Chemical
* Heat/cold extremes
* Harmful dust
* Light radiation
PPE

PPE
Note:
Risk assessment plays an important role to identify the risk
or the hazards which the workers are exposed to and
specific Personal Protective Equipment will be given to
workers based on the identified hazards or risks.
Identify the Hazards
Re-assessment
Evaluate
Selection of PPEControl

PPE
General Apparel
•Every employee will at all times wear clothing that protects the body and
extremities. The typical personnel hazards listed below can be prevented
as follows:
•Thermal burns resulting from contact with hot pipes, can be prevented
by using long sleeve shirts and cloth gloves.
•Chemical burns and/or skin absorption of allergens and toxins can be
prevented or minimized by use of appropriate chemical protective
clothing (CPC).
•Loose clothing will not be worn where it can contact or catch on
energized conductors, moving parts, equipment, or other hazards of this
type.
•Preference should be given to natural fibers in the clothing worn by
personnel.
•Short pants are prohibited as outerwear.
•Finger rings or necklaces are prohibited when there is a danger of
catching them on moving parts or contacting an energized conductor.

PPE
General Apparel
Protective
clothing: Pants
and trousers

PPE
Head Protection
• Head protection is a must wear requirement on site.
• Hard hats protect heads from falling and flying objects
and provide limited protection from electrical shocks and
burns. Hard hats are to be worn at all times in
construction areas with the following exceptions:
1. Lunch breaks
2. Rest areas
3. Camp site
4. Vehicle and any enclosed cabs
5. Offices

PPE
Head Protection
Class E worn by:
■ Electricians
■ Instrumentation
■ Commissioning
■ Others with potential to
contact live electrical
Class G for general
construction work

• Class A designed to:
- Protect you from falling objects; and
- Protect you from electrical shocks up to 2,200 volts.
• Class B are designed to:
- Protect you from falling objects; and
- Protect you from electrical shocks up to 20,000 volts.
• Class C are designed to :
- Protect you from falling objects;
- DO NOT protect you from electrical shocks; and
- DO NOT protect you from corrosive substances.
Types of Hard Hats

PPE
Foot Protection
• Hard sole leather shoes shall be worn at all times. General
purpose rubber shoes or plastic footwear is allowed.
• Where personnel are required top work in areas where
there may come into contact with acids and alkalis
specific footwear shall be issued.

Leg & Foot
Protection
If the employees are exposed
to any of the following hazards
requires foot and leg protection
• Objects which could
- Fall (impact hazard)
- Roll (compression hazard)
- Pierce or cut the sole or uppers (puncture hazard)
• Electrical hazards
• Chemical hazards

Foot Protection
Protective Foot
Wear:Safety shoes
with steel toe
PPE

Foot Protection

Foot Protection
----- Safety Shoes
There are many types of footwear that are designed to
protect your feet.
Steel toe
footwear
protects your
toes from
falling objects
and from
being crushed.
Metatarsal
footwear have
special guards
that run from
your ankle to
your toes and
protect your
entire foot.
Reinforced
sole footwear
have metal
reinforcement
that protects
your foot from
punctures.
Latex/Rubber
footwear
resists
chemicals and
provides extra
traction on
slippery
surfaces.

PVC footwear
protects your
feet against
moisture and
improves
traction.
Butyl
footwear
protects
against most
ketones,
aldehydes,
alcohols,
acids, salts,
and alkalies.
Vinyl
footwear
resists
solvents, acids,
alkalies, salts,
water, grease,
and blood.
Nitrile
footwear
resists
animal fats,
oils, and
chemicals
----- Safety Shoes

Electrostatic
dissipating
footwear conducts
static electricity to
floors that are
grounded.
Electrical hazard
footwear are
insulated with
tough rubber to
prevent shocks and
burns from
electricity.
Disposable
footwear includes
shower slippers,
clear polyethylene
and non-woven
booties used in dust
free work areas.
----- Safety Shoes

PPE
Eye and Face Protection
• Eye protection (approved, safety glasses with side shields or
goggles) shall be worn by all personnel in construction areas.
ES&H will be responsible for selection/use. Safety glasses are
required to be worn at all times in work areas.
• Employees required using safety spectacles/goggles and whose
vision requires the use of corrective lens should wear one of the
following:
1. Personal spectacles whose protective lens provide optical
correction with permanent fixed side-shields and conform to
the requirements of ANSI Z87.1-19696 or equivalent.
2. Safety goggles over their glasses or goggles/glasses that
incorporate a corrective lens mounted behind the protective
lens.

PPE
• Welding and other construction activities require special types
of protection including in some cases, double protection (see
Attachments A and B).
• Only approved protective eyewear is allowed on the project site.
Non-light sensing tinted lens glasses are prohibited inside
buildings or other structures with limited illumination. This
includes prescription glasses.
• Safety glasses shall have approved side shields. (Flexible, Slip-
on side shields are prohibited).
• All grinding operations shall be performed with a full face
shield and safety glasses or goggles.]
• Welders will wear safety glasses while welding in
addition to a welding hood.
• Extra facial protection may also be required when handling
products that may be corrosive or irritating to the eyes.

PPE
Protective Eye and
Face Protection

Protective Eye and
Face Protection
PPE

PPE
Hearing Protection
• All individuals will wear hearing protection in
areas where the noise exposure meets or
exceeds the limits set by the project. In no
case, will personnel be exposed to noise
levels greater than 85 dB (A) on an 8 hour
time weighted average, without the use of
hearing protection.
• At least two types of hearing protectors shall
be made available to employees: ear muffs
and earplugs.
• If hearing protection requirements are not
posted in an area,http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/

PPE
Hearing Protection
• The project S&H supervisor is responsible for
establishing areas under control of the
construction group where hearing protection
may be required to be worn. This includes
the use of protective equipment required
when operating equipment that produces
sound levels above 85 dB (A).
• Hearing protection will be used by
employees as identified below:
1. In designated areas
2. When operating or near chipping hammershttp://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in/

Protective Hearing
Protection
PPE
Hearing Protection

Hearing Protection
Many types of hearing protection devices are available.
Popular types of hearing protection devices are:
1. Foam Earplugs
2. PVC Earplugs
3. Earmuffs

Earplugs - Advantages & Disadvantages
Each of the types of hearing protection devices has its
advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages of Foam and PVC earplugs are:
1. Small & lightweight;
2. Comfortable in hot environments; and
3. Easily used with other safety equipment.
The disadvantages of earplugs are:
1. May work loose and require occasional refitting;
2. Require specific fitting instructions; and
3. Are frequently soiled.

Earmuffs - Advantages & Disadvantages
Earmuffs are another type of hearing protection device.
The advantages of earmuffs are:
1. Easy for your employer to supervise the wearing of this
device;
2. One size fits all; and
3. Fits better for longer periods of time.
The disadvantages of earmuffs are:
1. May fit tight on your head;
2. Uncomfortable in a warm environment; and
3. Problems occur when used with other equipment.

Respiratory Protection
• Respiratory protection devices of the approved type will be
made available and shall be worn by all employees when
exposed to hazardous concentrations of toxic or noxious dust,
fumes, mists, or gases, at the direction of the Safety
Department. Specific hazard analysis will be developed for
these activities.
• Respiratory protection equipment will be used, stored, and
maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s
requirements and the Respiratory Protection Program.
• Respiratory equipment will be selected on the basis of hazards
to which the employee will be exposed.
PPE

Respiratory Protection
PPE Protective
Respiratory
Protection

Disposable half
mask respirators
Reusable half mask
respirators –
gas/vapour filter
Reusable half
mask respirators
Different types of RPE

Different types of RPE
Full face mask
respirators –
gas/vapour filter
Powered respirators
with masks
Full face mask respirators –
particle filter

PPE
Hand Protection
• Appropriate hand protection shall be provided and used
by employees when exposed to hazards such as the
following:
1. absorption of harmful substances or deflating material
2. items or material which may cause laceration, abrasions,
punctures or chemical burns
3. temperature extremes
4. vibration from equipment such as power hand tools

Hand Protection
PPE
Protective Hand
Protection

Hand Protection
If the employees are exposed
to any of the following hazards
requires Hand protection
• Severe cuts, lacerations, or abrasions
• Punctures
• Thermal burns
• Harmful temperature extremes
• Chemical hazards
- Absorption of harmful substances
- Chemical burns
- Rashes, irritation

There are many type of gloves that are designed to protect
your hands.
Metal mesh
gloves resist
sharp edges
and prevent
cuts.
Leather
gloves shield
your hands
from rough
surfaces.
Vinyl and
neoprene gloves
protect your
hands against
toxic chemicals.
Rubber gloves
protect you
when working
around
electricity.
Hand Protection
----- Gloves

Padded cloth
gloves protect
your hands
from sharp
edges, slivers,
dirt, and
vibration.
Heat
resistant
gloves
protect your
hands from
heat and
flames.
Latex
disposable
gloves are
used to protect
your hands
from germs
and bacteria.
Lead-lined
gloves are
used to protect
your hands
from radiation
sources.
----- Gloves

PPE
Protective
Equipment for Fall
Fall Protection
• Workers exposed to potential risk are required to wear
Fall protection equipment.

PPE
Fall Protection
Protective
Equipment for
Fall

Understand Your Fall Arrest System
A Personal Fall Arrest System is comprised of three (3) key components – anchorage
connector; body wear; and connecting device.
Remember: A, B, & C
A = Anchorage/Anchorage Connector
B = Body Wear
C = Connecting Device

A = Anchorage/Anchorage Connector
Anchorage: Commonly referred to as a tie-
off point (Ex: I-beam, rebar, scaffolding,
lifeline, etc.)
• Must be high enough for a worker to avoid contact
with a lower level should a fall occur.
• Anchorages must be capable of supporting 5,000
pounds (22kN) of force per worker.
• Careful consideration should be given to selecting a
proper anchorage for ultimate safety.
• The anchorage should be easily accessible.

The Importance of Anchorages
Carefully planned and selected anchorages are
crucial. Should a fall occur, the worker will be
suspended from the anchorage, their life depending
on its strength. An anchorage, for example, could be
an I-beam, while a cross-arm strap, or choker,
wrapped around this beam and permitting
attachment is the anchorage connector.
• Anchorage Connectors are designed as the intermediary
device for securing a connecting device to an anchorage.
• The anchorage connector should be positioned to avoid a
“swing fall.”

• Examples of Permanent Anchorage
Connectors

• Examples of Temporary Anchorage Connectors

Temporary Horizontal Lifeline Systems

Leading Edge Anchorage Connector

B = Body Wear
Body Wear: The personal protective equipment worn by the worker (Ex:
full-body harness)
• Only form of body wear acceptable for fall arrest is the full-body harness.
• Should be selected based on work to be performed and the work environment.
• Side and front D-rings are for positioning only.
Incorrect Harness Fit
Chest strap positioned incorrectly. Should be located at mid-
chest to keep shoulder straps snug. Leg straps are too loose.
Premium Harness

Incorrect Harness Fit
Chest strap positioned too high and too
loose. Leg straps are positioned improperly.

Correct Harness Fit
• Chest and Leg Straps Offer a Snug Fit

C = Connecting Devices
While focus is given to anchorage connectors and body
wear (full-body harnesses) components, the
connecting device (a shock-absorbing lanyard or self-
retracting lifeline) between these two components
actually bears the greatest fall forces during a fall.

C = Connecting Devices
• Shock-Absorbing Lanyard or Self-Retracting
Lifeline? Think About It! - Always know your fall
distance and select proper equipment to meet the
fall clearance.
• Remember... UNDER 18 1/2 ft. (5.6m)
- always use a Self-Retracting Lifeline.
OVER 18 1/2 ft. (5.6m)
- a Shock-Absorbing Lanyard or Self-Retracting
Lifeline can be used.

Calculating Fall Clearance
Select the Proper Fall Protection Equipment
Shock-Absorbing Lanyard or Self-Retracting Lifeline?
• Always know your fall distance and select proper equipment to meet the fall
clearance.
Illustration: 6 ft. (1.8m) Shock-Absorbing Lanyard with D-Bolt Anchorage Connector

Lanyards – the Critical Link in Fall Protection
The lanyard is a connecting device, a flexible
line to secure a full-body harness or body
belt, where permitted, to a point of
anchorage. There are two basic categories of
lanyards: non-shock-absorbing and shock-
absorbing. The more common and safer type
is the shock-absorbing lanyard.
• Shock-absorbing lanyards extend deceleration distance
during a fall, significantly reducing fall arresting forces
by 65 to 80 percent, below the threshold of injury (as
specified by OSHA & ANSI).
• One type of lanyard includes a special shock-absorbing
inner core material surrounded by a heavy-duty
tubular outer jacket that doubles as a back-up web
lanyard.
• In accordance with OSHA regulations, lanyards are
required to have self-closing, self-locking snap hooks
to reduce the possibility of unintentional
disengagement, or “rollout”.

Shock-Absorbing Lanyards - Before and After Deployment

Harness Pressure Points
Spread load
across butt strap
and belt strap if
on the harness
Excess pressure here can
cut blood flow to the legs
Some studies have indicated permanent damage to the lower extremities
when the worker hangs for more than twenty (20) minutes

PPE Safe Practices

Employer Responsibilities
Assessment
As part of the assessment, employers must also determine the
various health hazards that may be present in your work
area.
Health hazards include:
- Types of chemicals you could be exposed to;
- Sources of harmful dusts; and
- Sources of nuclear radiation.
Selection of PPE
Once your area has been assessed, your
employer must select, with your help, appropriate personal
protection equipment for you to use while performing your
job.

Providing PPE
Once your area has been assessed, your employer must
provide, at no cost to you, appropriate personal protection
equipment that fits, for you to use while performing your job.
NOTE: If you have your own personal protective equipment,
it must be approved by your employer before you can use it
on the job.
Check with your supervisor or safety
manager before using your
own equipment.

Training
Your employer must also provide you with training. Your
training must include:
* When PPE is necessary;
* What PPE is necessary;
* How to properly use your PPE;
* How to care for your PPE; and
* How to store your PPE.

Maintenance of PPE
In addition to providing you with PPE, your employer must
maintain the PPE used by employees. If a piece of PPE cannot
be repaired, it must be discarded and replaced
Recordkeeping
Finally, your employer must maintain records of the workplace
assessment and of your training.

Employee Responsibilities
Attend Training Sessions
You are responsible for attending all PPE training sessions.
Remember, the best PPE in the world is useless unless you
know how to use and care for it!
Assess Potential Hazards
Before you start any job, assess the real and potential
hazards associated with that job.
Follow ALL Warnings and Precautions
Take time to read any and all warnings and precautions that
may appear on tools, equipment, chemicals, MSDSs, and
personal protective equipment.

Employee Responsibilities
Listen and Follow Directions
Listen and follow the directions that you may be given by
your supervisor or safety manager. They want you to return
home today, and everyday, safe and sound to your family and
friends.
Report
Report any and ALL unsafe conditions you may find in your
work area to your supervisor or safety manager.
REMEMBER: Safety is a team effort!

The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Rule says you
must
• Do a Hazard Assessment for PPE and document it
• Select and provide appropriate PPE to your employees
• Provide training to your employees and document it
• Make sure your employees use their PPE properly
• Make sure PPE is in safe and good condition
- NOTE -
Defective equipment can be worse than no PPE at all.
Summary

Personal Protective Equipment

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