1. The document provides information on Sri Lanka's agriculture sector and the contract seed production program of the Department of Agriculture. 2. Key details include Sri Lanka's land area and population, contribution of agriculture to GDP, and the evolution of the national seed program involving both public and private sectors. 3. The contract seed production procedure is outlined, including selection of growers, provision of seed, field inspections, processing, and payments. Problems associated with the program such as quality issues and funding constraints are also discussed.

1. 1
Jayanthi Abeygunasekara
Shantha Senevirathna
Wasantha Malaviarachchi
Contract Seed Production Program
of the Dept. of Agriculture (DOA)
Sri Lanka
O.P.K. Chandrasiri

2. 2
Sri Lanka Country ProfileSri Lanka Country Profile
Special Reference to AgricultureSpecial Reference to Agriculture
Total land area sq.km. 65610
Population 2004 ‘000 19462
Provinces 9
Districts 22
Labor force 2004 48.8%
Unemployment rate 8.5%
Employment by sector 2004 (Ag) 34.1%
Contribution to GDP 2004 (Ag.Li.Fi)
19%
Per capita GDP at market price 2004 1031 US$
Literacy rate 2002 91.8%
Life expectancy 2002 (5Y&above) 91.4 Y
(Central Bank of Sri Lanka-Socio Economic Data book)
Climate & Agro - ecological regions
• Rainfall follows a bi - modal pattern
• Northeast monsoon - October to January
• Southeast monsoon - May to September
• Two cropping seasons
- Yala & Maha

3. 3
Achieve ExcellenceAchieve Excellence
in Agriculturein Agriculture
for National Prosperityfor National Prosperity
Mission of DOA..
Director General
RRDI FCRDI HORDI NBG SEPC Adm. Fin.
RRDI - Rice Research and Development Institute
FCRDI - Field Crops Research and Development Institute
HORDI - Horticulture Crop Research and Development Institute
NBG - National Botanic Gardens
SCPPC - Seed Certification and Plant Protection Centre
SPMDC – Seed & Planting Material Development Centre
ETD - Extension and Training Division
SEPC - Socio Economics and Planning Centre
Ad. - Administration Division
Fin. - Finance Division
SPMDCSCPPC E & T
Directors (10)
Ministry of Agric.
MEC

4. 4
Seed & Planting Material
Development Centre -SPMDC
Assure timely Availability of
Quality Seed & Planting Material
at Competitive Prices
Mission
Seed Program Evolution
Organized program started by DOA – 1950’s
DOA – Sole supplier up to late 1980’s
Private sector involved in production & supply
from 1990

5. 5
National Seed Policy (NSP)
Govt. introduced NSP in 1996
Objective was to establish viable seed
enterprises for easy access for high quality seed
With the new developments new policy
being formulated – 2005
As a result the national seed program becomes
a multi institutional function involving the public
& private sectors
Parental
material
Responsibility
of breeder
(RRDI, FCRDI,HORDI)
Registered Seed
Seed Multiplication Program of DOA
Breeders’ Seed
Foundation Seed Seed Production Farms
Of DOA (SPMDC)
Certified Seed (I & II) Through Contract
Basic Seed

6. 6
Nikaweratiya
Basic Seed Production
in 18 Seed Farms
Certified seed Production
11 Asst. Director Regions
Locations of
Basic & Certified
Seed Production
Types of Certified Seed Produce under Contract
Paddy
3 different age groups – 3m, 3.5m, 4-4.5m
23 varieties
Other Field Crops
9 crops, 31 varieties
Green gram, black gram, Chilli, Cowpea, Sesame
Ground nut, Finger Millot, Maize, Soybean
Vegetables
17 Crops, 42 Varieties
Beans, Bitter gourd, Brinjal, Bushitavo, Capsicum
Cucumber, Luffa, Mae, Okra, Snake gourd, Pumpkin
Radish, Amaranthus, Winged bean, Spinach, Melon

7. 7
Contract Seed Production Procedure
Selection of growers & basic training (informal agreement)
Issuing of Registered/Basic seed on payment
Registration of seed crops for Certification by
Seed Certification Service (SCS) regional officers
Training (Jointly-SPMD, SCS & Extension staff)
Preliminary & Final Field Inspections (SCS) – Accept/Reject
Issuing of new bags by regional ADA (SPMD)
Sampling of seed lots at grower's premises (A-sample)
Selection Criteria
Reliability, knowledge, resourcefulness,
willingness to cooperate
Adequate land area (Seed Certification requirement)
paddy – 1 ac (0.4 ha) min
OFC – 0.5 ac
Veg – 0.25 ac
Distance from the regional AD office (20 km radius)
Facilities available for processing, drying
& storage etc.
Accessibility

8. 8
Procedure cont..
Transport of accepted seed lots (on A-Test Results)
to DOA farm/processing unit
Payments to seed growers
(based on % inert indicated in A-Report)
Machine processing of different lots & varieties
separately & bagging (1 bu/2 bu)
Sampling (B-Sample) of processed seed lots by SCS officers
Labeling & sealing of accepted seed lots (B-Report)
by SCS officers
Lot release (Distribution/Sale/Storage)
Problems Associated with Contract Program
Difficulty in finding suitable/reliable growers
Unexpected rains during harvesting period
- difficulty in drying of seed lots ( 12%-Paddy)
- reluctance of growers to re-dry of rejected lots
Seed quality related problems
In-adequate funds (on time)
In-adequate staff
Infrastructure problems (transport/processing)
Un-attractive Seed purchasing price
Tendency of growers to keep some seed with them/piracy

9. 9
Contract Seed Paddy Production &
the Value (2001-2005)
0
1000
2000
3000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Mt
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
Rs.Mil.
In 2002 Contract Certified program was stopped with
a view to increase private sector participation (Policy)
With the new policy– (2005), DOA re commenced
Contract Certified Seed Paddy Production
Basic Seed only
100000 bu
Total seed requirement/annum - 4.4 m. bu.1bu = 20.5 kg
16.415.616.814.512.6% as a total requiment
723229687141738732637171553951Total
1321101594151903907980598829Private companies (20%)
223765257205241561245854150439
Agrarian Services/Farmers/farmer
Organizations (30%)
93812760781044889956195122Co-operatives (14%)
4848840390697563156152244Mahaweli (7%)
12305015405413253714185463756
Provincial /Inter provincial
(19%)
100000003853793561DOA (10%)
20052004200320022001Organization
Production & Supply of Certified seed Paddy (bu)

10. 10
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000Black
gram
C
hilliC
ow
peaSeasam
e
G
reen
gramG
round
nut
Fingerm
illet
M
aizeSoybean
Basic
Certified
OFC - Basic & Certified Seed
Average Annual Production (kg) 2001-2004
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
2001 2002 2003 2004
Basic
Certified
Total Production
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Beans
Bittergourd
BrinjalBushitavo
C
apsicumC
ucum
ber
Luffa
M
ae
O
kra
Snake
gourdPum
pkin
R
adish
Tom
ato
Am
aranthus
W
inged
beanSpinach
M
elon
Basic & Standard Vegetable Seed
Annual Average Production (kg) 2001-2004
Standard
Basic
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
2001 2002 2003 2004
Total Production

11. 11
Sri Lanka has great potential for sustainable
competitive contract farming
Cultivators expect proper contract systems
It needs consistent policies
Finance facilities, infrastructure, market facilities must
be improved
Trade agreements, insurance schemas, government
interventions may be crucial
Knowledge and experienced of officers would also be
essential
Conclusions