The document provides an overview of disaster management in India, detailing the historical context, including key events and legislative milestones, and the current institutional framework at national, state, and district levels. It outlines the disaster management cycle, including phases of response, mitigation, and preparedness, as well as the vulnerabilities specific to different regions in India. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of disaster risk reduction and the comprehensive plan aimed at developing a culture of preparedness.

1. Disaster Management-an
Overview
Presenter,
Dr Sanket V. Nandekar
JR, Dept. of Community Medicine
IMS-BHU, VARANASI
Moderator,
Prof. Dr Hari Shankar
Dept. of Community Medicine
IMS-BHU, VARANASI

2. Outlines of Presentation:
History of Disaster management in India
Background
Introduction
Disaster Management Cycle
Institutional Framework For Disaster Management
Varanasi District
PMs 10 point Agenda for DRR

3. History of Disaster management in India
 1887- 1st Famine commission framed by British Government,
Followed by 2nd 3rd .
 1900- Famine Code & Policy.
 1984- Bhopal Gas Tragedy (15k)
 1999- Super Cyclone in Odisha (Country felt need for Disaster
management) (10)
 1999- High Powered Committee was framed by former PM Shri Atal
Bihari Vajpayeeji for Disaster management.

4. History of Disaster management in India
 2001- After Gujarat Earthquake (Gujarat was 1st state to form
Disasters Management Act in year 2001 at state level) (20)
 2004- Indian Ocean Tsunami (200k).
 2005- Disaster management act was passed at national level.
 2013- UK Flash Floods (5.7k).
 2014- Kashmir Floods (0.3k).
 2016- Disaster Management Plan
 2019- Revised Disaster Management Plan

5. Background
“India with wide range of
topographic and climatic
conditions is the highly
disaster-prone country in Asia-
Pacific region with an average
of 8 major natural calamities a
year.”

7. Vulnerability Profile of India
 Northern mountain regions, including the foot hills are prone
to snow-storms, land-slides and earthquakes.
 The “both eastern & western coastal areas (>11000km) are
prone to severe floods and cyclones (Andhra Pradesh, West
Bengal, Orissa, etc.). Bihar, Assam and Uttar Pradesh get
major floods almost every year.

8. Vulnerability Profile of India
 Western desert areas are prone to draughts.
 There is hardly a year when some or the other part of the
country does not face the specter of drought, floods or
cyclone.

9. Hazard:
As per the definition adopted by UNISDR, "hazard" is a dangerous,
phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause
loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
Introduction

10. Types of Hazard:
 Geological Hazard: Earthquake,
Tsunami etc.
 Climatic Hazard: Cyclone, Flood etc.
 Environmental Hazard: Environmental
Pollution, Deforestation etc.
 Chemical Industrial & Nuclear
Accidents etc

11. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR)
(2009) defines disaster as: "A serious disruption of the functioning of
a community or a society involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceed the
ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own
resources".
Disaster:

12. Disaster Management Act 2005 of India uses the following
definition for disaster: "Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap,
calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or
manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in
substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and
destruction of property, or damage to, or degradation of,
environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond
the coping capacity of the community of the affected area“.
Disaster:

13. Vulnerability
“Vulnerability is the extent to which a
community structure service or geographic
area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by
the impact of a particular hazard.”
 e.g. Physical Vulnerability,
 Social Vulnerability,
 Economical Vulnerability,
 Environmental Vulnerability

14. Capacity:
Capacity is the combination of all the strengths, attributes
and resources available within an organization,
community or society to manage and reduce disaster risks
and strengthen resilience.
e.g.
• Physical Capacity.
• Socio economic Capacity

15. Risk
Risk is the possibility of damage in terms of life property and
livelihood due to a disaster.
Risk depends mainly upon two factors i.e. Hazard & Vulnerability
Broadly we can say
Risk = Hazard * Vulnerability

16. “Disaster Management is the sum total of all activities, program and
measure which can be taken up before, during and after a disaster to
reduce, the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt and
appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and achieve rapid and
effective recovery.”
What is Disaster Management?

17. There are three fundamental aspects of disaster
management :
a. Disaster response
b. Disaster mitigation; and
c. Disaster preparedness.
These three aspects of disaster management correspond to
different phases in the “Disaster management cycle"
Disaster Management

18. Disaster management cycle:

19. “Immediate reaction to disaster as
the disaster is anticipated, or soon
after it begins in order to assess the
needs, reduce the suffering, limit
the spread and consequences of the
disaster, open up the way to
rehabilitation.”
Disaster Response:

20. By,
 Mass evacuation, Search and
rescue operations.
 Emergency medical services
 Securing food and water for
affected
 Maintenance of Law &
Order
Disaster Response:

21.  Analyze the impact of disaster,
 Rescue and First Aid,
 Field care,
 Triage,
 Tagging,
 Identification of dead.
Disaster Response:
Triage

22.  Identification of medical & health resources
 Pre-hospital emergency services
 Assessment of immediate health needs
 External medical services and extrication workers
 Temporary field treatment
 Prompt and proper treatment to save lives.
Medical and Public Health Response:

23.  Food safety and Water Safety
 Animal control
 Vector control mainly for
Measles, diarrheal diseases,
ARI, and malaria breakdown
 Waste management.
Medical and Public Health Response:

24. Rehabilitation:
Rehabilitation is defined as “a set of
interventions designed to optimize
functioning and reduce disability in
individuals with health conditions in
interaction with their environment”.

25. Reconstruction:
Slogan – “Build Back Better
The process of reconstruction involves
partial or complete relocation and
rebuilding the essential physical
infrastructure and shelter (house) so
that vulnerability levels are reduced
and families are able to get back to
their feet.

26. “Disaster mitigation is permanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to
limit its impact on human suffering and economic assets.”
 Primary mitigation: Reducing hazard & vulnerability.
 Secondary mitigation: Reducing effects of hazard (Preparedness).
Disaster Mitigation:

27. Components of Disaster Mitigation:
Reducing hazard - Protection against threat by removing
the cause of threat.
Reducing vulnerability - Reducing the effect of threat
Natural hazards are inevitable, reduce vulnerability.
Disaster Mitigation:

28.  Disaster preparedness is ongoing multisectoral activity and
integral part of the national system responsible for
developing plans and programs for disaster management.
 Disaster Preparedness is some total of Prevention,
Mitigation, Response, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.
Disaster preparedness:

29.  Structural Damage- to variable extent .
 Health- Physical Entanglement, Injuries, Disabilities,
Coma, Death,
 Psychological- Cognitive, Behavioral, Social.
 Ecological- Changes in eco system .
 Economical- Financial losses.
Consequences of Disaster:

30.  Priority 1- Knowing the Risk.
 Priority 2- Disaster Governance
 Priority 3- Investing in DRR.
 Priority 4- Disaster Preparedness & Build Back Better
Approach .
2019 Comprehensive Plan For DRR:
“Working Towards the Culture of Preparedness, Mitigation
Response & Rehabilitation”.

31. The overall coordination of disaster management comes under the
Ministry of Home Affairs" (MHA). The Cabinet Committee on
Security (CCS) and the National Crisis Management Committee
(NCMC) are the key committees involved in the top-level decision-
making with regard to disaster management.
Institutional Framework For Disaster
Management:

32. At National Level:
NDMA-National Disaster Management Authority
Guidelines/Decision making Authority
National Disaster Management Plan
Headed by: Prime Minister Of India
NDRF-National Disaster Response Force
Institutional Framework For Disaster
Management:

33. At State Level:
SDMA-State Disaster Management Authority
Implementation Authority
State Disaster Management Plan
Headed by: Chief Minister Of respective State
SDRF- State Disaster Response Force
Institutional Framework For Disaster
Management:

34. At District Level:
DDMA-District Disaster Management Authority
Working Authority
District Disaster Management Plan (Action Plan)
Headed by: District Magistrate Of respective Districts.
Institutional Framework For Disaster
Management:

35. Major Funds for Disaster Management:
 NDRF-National Disaster Response Fund
 NDMF-National Disaster Mitigation Fund

37. Team
Commander
(Inspector)
SAR SQD-
A(6)
Scene Secure
& 1st
response
MFR
SAR SQD-
B(6)
Collapsed
Structure
SAR
SAR SQD-
C(6)
Strike
Team/MFR
SAR SQD-
D(6)
Chem/Bio/
RadioN SAR
Dog Squad (2
dogs) 3
handlers
Medical
Support (2
Paramedics)
Tech Support
(6)
Communicati
on
Adm Support
(7)
Ration &
Instruments
Assistant
Commander
(Sub Inspector)
Composition Of NDRF Team:
Total= 47
44 & 3 DVR

38. S. No Type of Hazards Time of
Occurrence
Potential Impact/ Probable
Damages
Vulnerable
Areas
1. Flood/Water
Logging
June- September Crop, Human, Animal, Infrastructure loss Entire city
2. Earthquake Jan - December Crop, Human, Animal,
Infrastructure loss
Entire City
3. Heat-Stroke April - July Crop, Human, Animal, Infrastructure loss Entire City
4. Cyclone May-December Crop, Human, Animal, Infrastructure loss Entire City
5. Epidemic June- Human & Animal loss Entire City
6. Lightening April -December Human, Animal, Infrastructure loss Entire City
7. Fire April - June Human, Animal, Property & Infrastructure
loss
Entire City
8. Cold Stroke December - Jan Animals, Human loss Entire City
9. Electrocution Jan - December Animals, Human, Property loss Entire City
10. Road Accidents Jan - December Animals, Human, Property loss Entire City
Vulnerability Profile of Varanasi:

39. TYPE OF RESOURCES NUMBERS
Hospitals Allopathic-202, (bed -4235)
Ayurvedic- 26 (BED- 109)
Unani- 01
PHCs 30
CHCs 08
SHCs 57
dispensaries 06
Sub health centers 306
Private hospital 70
Fire Brigades 04
Boats 251
Engine Motor Boats 110
Disaster Response Resources in Varanasi District

40. S.N. Type of Educational Institutions No. of Institution
01 Universities 4
02 Degree college 26
03 Medical college 02
04 Pharmacy college 03
05 Mass communication colleges 02
06 U.P Boards school 37
07 C.B.S.E school 36
08 I.C.S.E board 06
09 MBA collge 06
10 B.Ed college 16
11 Computer institutions 35
12 Technical university 01
13 Colleges 21
14 Secondary & senior secondary schools 409
15 Middle school 989
No of Educational Institutions (Disaster Shelters)
in Varanasi District

42. 1. Battery operated torch
2. Battery operated radio
3. Extra batteries
4. First aid kit and manual
5. Emergency food (dry items) and
water (packed and sealed)
6. Candles and matches in a
waterproof container
7. Knife
8. Chlorine tablets or powdered
water purifiers
9. Can opener
10. Essential medicines
11. Cash
12. Aadhar Card and Ration Card
13. Thick ropes and cords
14. Sturdy shoes
How to Prepare an Emergency Kit?

43. Thank you…