Disaster report

1. DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

2. HAZARD PROFILE OF INDIA
• Hydrological and Climate related Hazards
• Floods
• Cyclones
• Heat Waves, Cold waves and Fog
• Thunderstorm, Hailstorm, Dust Storm etc
• Droughts
• Geological Disasters
• Earthquakes
• Tsunami
• Landslides
• Technologic Disasters
• Industrial, Chemical & Nuclear Disasters

3. VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA
• India is vulnerable, in varying degrees, to a large number of disasters. Around 59%
of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity.
• About 12% (over 40 million hectares) of its land is prone to floods and river
erosion.
• Close to 5,700 kms , out of the 7,516 kms long coastline is prone to cyclones
and tsunamis.
• 68% of its cultivable area is vulnerable to droughts; and, the hilly areas are at
risk from landslides and avalanches.
• Moreover, India is also vulnerable to chemical, biological, radiological and
nuclear (CBRN) emergencies and other man-made disasters.
• Disaster risks in India are further compounded by increasing vulnerabilities related
to changing demographics and socio-economic conditions, unplanned
urbanization, development within high-risk zones, environmental degradation,
climate change, geological hazards, epidemics and pandemics.
• Clearly, all these contribute to a situation where disasters seriously threaten India’s
economy, its population and sustainable development.

4. COMPONENTS OF DISASTER RELIEF

5. REHABLITATION
 Rehabilitation is the longest and most expensive phase of disaster
management and should be accessible to all disaster survivors.7
 Despite this, rehabilitation services are considered a low priority and
frequently neglected in previous disasters, where response plans
emphasize saving lives and treating acute injuries.
 Furthermore, there are disparities between countries, whereby
countries with high disaster risk have low coping capacity and limited
rehabilitation resources (skilled rehabilitation professionals,
infrastructure).8
 These factors have led to mismatched resources across the entire
disaster cycle, with rehabilitation services and medical rehabilitation
professionals excluded in disaster response and planning.8

6. REACTION
 Distress reaction is transitory and commonly regarded
as a normal response to an abnormal event.
 Survivors also react with grief to the loss of loved ones,
homes, and possessions.
 Poor concentration, withdrawal, and depressed mood
characterize grief reactions and are common and normal.

7. PRE-PREPARATION
 Pre-disaster recovery planning builds resilient communities better
able to withstand, respond to and recover from disasters, ensuring
faster rebuilding, greater community cohesion and more effective city
operations in the rebuilding phase that follows a disaster even
 The four phases of disaster: 1) mitigation; 2) preparedness; 3)
response; and 4) recovery.t

8. PREVENTION
 Prevention is to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not result
in disaster or emergency.
 Primary prevention is to reduce -avert- avoid the risk of the event occurring, by
getting rid of the hazard or vulnerability, e.g. to avoid overcrowding,
deforestation and to provide services.
•Primary Prevention—intervening before health effects
occur, through.
•Secondary Prevention—screening to identify diseases in
the earliest.
•Tertiary Prevention—managing disease post diagnosis to
slow or stop.

9. DEVELOPMENT
 In a development oriented disaster management
approach, the objectives are to reduce hazards, prevent
disasters, and prepare for emergencies.
 Therefore, developmental considerations are strongly
represented in the mitigation and preparedness phases of
the disaster management cycle.
 Development processes can both increase and/or
decrease the vulnerability of a society to hazards.

10. MANAGEMENT INSTITUTION
ARRANGEMENT
 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
 At the national level, the Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal Ministry
for all matters concerning disaster management.
 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been constituted
for better coordination of disaster management at national level
under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
 The Prime Minister of India is the Chairperson of National Authority.
 Members is nominated by the Chairperson, NDMA for tenure of 5 years
at a time.
 NDMA is _Apex Body for management of disasters in India

11. Crisis Management Group (CMG):
 The Central Relief Commissioner in the Ministry of Home Affairs is the
Secretary(DM) of the CMG, consisting of senior officers (called nodal
officers) from various concerned Ministries
 . The CMG’s functions are to review every year contingency plans
formulated by various Ministries/Departments/Organizations in their
respective sectors, measures required for dealing with natural
disasters, coordinate the activities of the Central Ministries and the
State Governments in relation to disaster preparedness and relief and
to obtain information from the nodal officers on measures relating to
above.
 The CMG, in the event of a natural disaster, meets frequently to
review the relief operations and extend all possible assistance
required by the affected States to overcome the situation effectively

12.  Contingency Action Plan:
 The Government of India has formulated a National
Contingency Action Plan (CAP) under the NCMC and
implemented by CMG for dealing with contingencies
arising in the wake of natural disasters and it had been
periodically updated. It facilitates the launching of relief
operations without delay.

13. DISASTER ACT
 1. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): The National Disaster
Management Authority is headed by the Prime Minister of India as the
chairperson and will have no more than nine members including a Vice-
Chairperson. All the members will have a tenure of five years.
 The main responsibility of the NDMA is to lay down the policies, plans and
guidelines for disaster management to ensure an effective response in the
event of any disaster.
 2. National Executive Committee: The DMA empowers the Central
Government to create a National Executive Committee (NEC) to assist the
National Disaster Management Authority. The NEC consists of Secretary level
officers of the government in the home, health, power, finance and agricultural
ministries. The NEC is responsible for the preparation of the National Disaster
Management Plan for the whole country and to ensure that it is “reviewed and
updated annually”.

14.  3. State Disaster Management Authority: The State Disaster Management
Authority (SDMA) is responsible for drawing the disaster plan for its respective state.
It consists of the Chief Minister who is the chairperson and 8 members appointed by
the Chief Minister.
 The SDMA is mandated under section 28 to ensure that all the departments of the
State prepare disaster management plans as prescribed by the National and State
Authorities.
 4. District Disaster Management Authority: The Chairperson of District Disaster
Management Authority (DDMA) will be the Collector or District Magistrate or Deputy
Commissioner of the district.
 To know what role the National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) plays in disaster
mitigation in India, visit the linked article
 5. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF): The National Disaster Response
Force is tasked with responding to a threatening disaster or a situation similar to it.
The NDRF is led by a Director-General appointed by the Central Government. The
NDRF has played a major role in rescuing people from many disaster-related events
in the past such as the Kashmir floods of 2014 and the Kerala floods of 2018

15. POLICY
 National POLICY
 Vision
 To build a safe and disaster resilient India by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-
disaster oriented and technology driven strategy through a culture of prevention,
mitigation, preparedness and response.
 Disaster Management
 A disaster refers to a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence from natural or
man-made causes, which is beyond the coping capacity of the affected community. DM
involves a continuous and integrated process of planning, organising, coordinating and
implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for:
• Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
• Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences.
• Capacity building including research and knowledge management.
• Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
• Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
• Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.
• Evacuation, rescue and relief.
• Rehabilitation and reconstruction.

16.  Approach
• A holistic and integrated approach will be evolved toward disaster management with emphasis on
building strategic partnerships at various levels. The themes underpinning the policy are:
• Community based DM, including last mile integration of the policy, plans and execution.
• Capacity development in all spheres.
• Consolidation of past initiatives and best practices.
• Cooperation with agencies at national and international levels.
• Multi-sectoral synergy.
 Objectives
 The objectives of the national policy on disaster management are:
• Promoting a culture of prevention, preparedness and resilience at all levels through knowledge,
innovation and education.
• Encouraging mitigation measures based on technology, traditional wisdom and environmental
sustainability.
• Mainstreaming disaster management into the developmental planning process.
• Establishing institutional and techno-legal frame works to create an enabling regulatory environment
and a compliance regime.
• Ensuring efficient mechanism for identification, assessment and monitoring of disaster risks.
• Developing contemporary forecasting and early warning systems backed by responsive and failsafe
communication with information technology support.